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Structure of Bones

Bones are rigid connective tissues that form the skeleton, with adults having 206 bones and infants 270. They are classified by shape into long, short, flat, or irregular types, and consist of compact and spongy tissues, with a complex structure involving osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Bone functions include support, movement, protection, and storage, and the process of bone formation continues throughout adulthood.

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Shubhrata Singh
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3 views4 pages

Structure of Bones

Bones are rigid connective tissues that form the skeleton, with adults having 206 bones and infants 270. They are classified by shape into long, short, flat, or irregular types, and consist of compact and spongy tissues, with a complex structure involving osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Bone functions include support, movement, protection, and storage, and the process of bone formation continues throughout adulthood.

Uploaded by

Shubhrata Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE OF BONES

The bone is a rigid body tissue that makes up our body skeleton. The bone is a connective
tissue that is made up of different types of cells. Internally, it has a honeycomb-like matrix
that gives rigidity to bones.

Adults have 206 bones while infants have 270 which grow together and fuse and remain 206
untill adulthood.
Many people think of bones as being dead, dry, and brittle. These adjectives correctly
describe the bones of a preserved skeleton, but the bones in a living human being are very
much alive.

𝗧𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘀-
Bones are classified by their shape. They may be long (like the femur and forearm), short
(like the wrist and ankle), flat (like the skull), or irregular (like the spine). Primarily, they are
referred to as long or short.

The 206 bones include:


80 axial bones. This includes the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, vertebral column, ribs, and
sternum.
126 appendicular bones. This includes arms, shoulders, wrists, hands, legs, hips, ankles, and
feet.

𝗦𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲-
The structure of a long bone allows for the best visualization of all of the parts of a bone. A
long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft
that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The hollow region in the
diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow. The walls of the
diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone.

𝗧he basic structure of bones is bone matrix, which makes up the underlying rigid framework
of bones, composed of both compact bone and spongy bone. The bone matrix consists of
tough protein fibres, mainly collagen, that become hard and rigid due to mineralization with
calcium crystals. Bone matrix is crisscrossed by blood vessels and nerves and also contains
specialized bone cells that are actively involved in metabolic processes.
Three types of 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀 contribute to bone homeostasis. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cell,
osteoclasts resorb or break down bone, and osteocytes are mature bone cells. An equilibrium
between osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintains bone tissue.

There are two types of bone 𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲: compact and spongy.


𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲-
Compact bone 𝗼𝗿 Cortical 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲 consists of closely packed osteons or haversian systems. The
microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or Haversian system.
Compact bone is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be found under
the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection.
𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘆 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲 -
Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone, contains osteocytes
housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles. Instead, the lacunae and
osteocytes are found in a lattice-like network of matrix spikes called trabeculae. In addition,
the spaces in some spongy bones contain red marrow, protected by the trabeculae, where
haematopoiesis occurs.
𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘀𝘂𝗲𝘀-
Bone marrow is a soft connective tissue that produces blood cells. It is found inside the pores
of spongy bone.
Periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers and protects the outer surfaces of bone.
𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀-
The terms osteogenesis and ossification are often used synonymously to indicate the process
of bone formation.
Bone development continues throughout adulthood. Even after adult stature is attained, bone
development continues for repair of fractures and for remodelling to meet changing lifestyles.

𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻s 𝗼𝗳 𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲-

• support
• Movement
• Protection
• storage

STRUCTURE OF A LONG BONE


FOR REFERENCE PURPOSE (NOT NECESSARY TO LEARN ALL THE BONES)

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