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Skeletal System

Skeletal System

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John Rex Villanueva
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16 views2 pages

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Uploaded by

John Rex Villanueva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The skeletal system is a framework of bones and other connective tissues that provides support,

protection, and movement for the body. It also plays a crucial role in producing blood cells and
storing minerals.

Major Components of the Skeletal System

1. Bones: Rigid organs that form the structure of the body. There are 206 bones in the adult
human body.
2. Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue found in areas such as the joints, ear, nose, and
parts of the ribcage. It provides cushioning and reduces friction.
3. Ligaments: Tough, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones.
4. Tendons: Fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.
5. Joints: Structures that connect two or more bones, allowing for movement and
flexibility.

Functions of the Skeletal System

1. Support: Provides a framework that supports the body and maintains its shape.
2. Protection: Protects vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain, the ribcage protects
the heart and lungs).
3. Movement: Works with the muscular system to facilitate movement.
4. Mineral Storage: Stores essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
5. Blood Cell Production: Produces blood cells in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis).
6. Energy Storage: Stores lipids in yellow marrow, which serve as an energy reserve.

Bone Structure

1. Periosteum: A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at
the surfaces of the joints.
2. Compact Bone: Dense and hard exterior surface layer of bones that provides strength
and protection.
3. Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone): Lighter and less dense than compact bone, found at
the ends of long bones and in the interior of other bones.
4. Bone Marrow: Found within the hollow interior of bones.
o Red Marrow: Produces red and white blood cells and platelets.
o Yellow Marrow: Stores fat.

Types of Bones

1. Long Bones: Longer than they are wide; found in arms and legs (e.g., femur, humerus).
2. Short Bones: Approximately equal in length, width, and thickness; provide stability and
support with little movement (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
3. Flat Bones: Thin, flat, and usually curved; protect internal organs and provide surfaces
for muscle attachment (e.g., skull, ribs, sternum).
4. Irregular Bones: Have complex shapes that do not fit into other categories (e.g.,
vertebrae, pelvis).
5. Sesamoid Bones: Small, round bones embedded in tendons; protect tendons from stress
and wear (e.g., patella).

Types of Joints

1. Fibrous Joints: Immovable or slightly movable; held together by dense connective tissue
(e.g., sutures of the skull).
2. Cartilaginous Joints: Allow more movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial
joints; connected entirely by cartilage (e.g., intervertebral discs).
3. Synovial Joints: Freely movable; characterized by a synovial cavity filled with fluid
(e.g., shoulder, hip, knee).

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