PRESENT PERFECT

USES:

El presente perfecto se usa para describir:

1. Una acción o situación que comenzó en el pasado y continua en el presente.

Example: I have lived in Bristol since 1984. (Yo todavía vivo allí).
He has worked in the bank for five years.

2. Una acción completada durante un periodo de tiempo inacabado.

Example: She has gone to the cinema twice this week. (La semana no ha terminado).
I haven’t seen her today.

3. Una acción repetida en un marco de tiempo que no esta especificado entre el pasado y el
presente.
Example: We have visited Portugal several times.
I have seen that film six times.

4. Una acción que acaba de ser completada, indicada por el adverbio just.
Example: I have just finished my work.
Has he just left?

5. Una acción en la cual el tiempo específico en el que ocurrió no es importante o es

desconocido.
Example: He has read War and Peace. (El resultado de la acción es lo que importa, no el
tiempo).
She has studied Japanese, Russian and English.

FORMS: (have/has + past participle)

STRUCTURE:

 Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle + complements.

(regular verbs -ed
Irregular verbs third column)
Example: I have walked
He has swum

 Negative: Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle + complements.

(regular verbs -ed
Irregular verbs third column)
Example: I haven’t walked
He has swum
 Interrogative: Have/has + subject + past participle + complements + ?
(regular verbs -ed
Irregular verbs third column)

Example: Have I walked?

Has he swum?

AFFIRMATIVE (singular) (plural)

1st person I have eaten .. we have eaten ..
2nd person you have eaten .. you have eaten ..
3rd person he/she/it has eaten .. they have eaten ..
NEGATIVE
1st person I haven't eaten .. we haven't eaten ..
2nd person you haven't eaten .. you haven't eaten ..
3rd person he/she/it hasn't eaten .. they haven't eaten ..
INTERROGATIVE
1st person have I eaten .. ? have we eaten .. ?
2nd person have you eaten .. ? have you eaten .. ?
3rd person has he/she/it eaten .. ? have they eaten .. ?

PRESENT PERFECT WITH EVER, ALREADY, YET Y JUST

EVER

USE: el adverbio ever se refiere a un periodo de tiempo inespecífico. Aparece siempre en

oraciones interrogativas.

STRUCTURE: have/has + subject + ever + past participle + complements + ?

Example: Have you ever visited Berlin?

ALREADY

USE: se refiere a una acción que ha ocurrido en algún periodo de tiempo inespecífico antes del
presente y sugiere que no hay necesidad de repetirla. Se puede traducir como “ya” y suele
aparecer en oraciones afirmativas.

STRUCTURE: subject + have/has + already+ past participle + complements.

Example: I have already drunk three coffees this morning.

YET

USE: es usado en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. En oraciones negativas significa no en

cualquier tiempo que tenga lugar entre el pasado y el presente momento. En oraciones
interrogativas se suele traducir como ya. Normalmente se localiza al final de la oración.

STRUCTURE: subject + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle + complements + yet (negative).

Example: I haven’t visited the museum yet.

Has/have + subject + past participle + complements + yet + ? (interrogative).

Example: Has he arrived yet?

JUST
USE: es usado para indicar que una acción ha concluido hace poco. Se puede traducir como
“acabar de” y en la oración aparece entre el have y el participio de pasado.

STRUCTURE: Subject + have/has + just + past participle + complements

Example: They have just bought a new car.

PRESENT PERFECT CON FOR Y SINCE

FOR:

USE: es usado para indicar la duración de un periodo de tiempo antes del presente. (For +
periodo de tiempo).

Example: She has lived in London for three years.

They have been at the hotel for a week.

SINCE:

USE: se usa para indicar el comienzo de algo. (Since + un tiempo específico)

Example: She has worked here since 2002

You have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

ACTIVITIES

1) Write the past participle of the following verbs.

1. carry 9. Write 11. Keep

2. go 10. Drink 12. Draw

3. break 11. Read 13. Teach

4. catch 12. Clean 14. Swim

5. choose 13. Stop 15. Watch

2. Write sentences in present perfect.

1. They/ play football

2. He/speak/ English
3. I/write/ a poem
4. We/ not/ wash/ the car
5. Nancy/not/ meet her friends

3. Write questions in present perfect.

1. They/finish/ their homework
2. She/ visit/ her friend
3. John/ clean/ the house
4. He/ drive/ the van
5. You/ write/ a poem

4. Use the words to write positive (+) and negative (-) sentences and questions (?) with the
present perfect.
Example: Courtney / act / in two Hollywood films (+)
Courtney has acted in two Hollywood films.

1 Sebastien / fall / in love again (+)

______________________________
2 anyone / find / my notebook (?)
______________________________
3 your parents / be / to Egypt before (?)
______________________________
4 Stefan / hear / Eva sing before (–)
______________________________
5 They / see / this film four times (+)
______________________________
6 you / ever / eat / Brazilian food (?)
______________________________
7 I / download / any new apps recently (–)
______________________________

FOR/SINCE
5. Complete the sentences. Use for or since.
1. We haven’t watched TV __________ Monday.
2. The boy hasn’t eaten anything ______ six hours.
3. I’ve known Pam ___________ primary school.
4. What have you done ______you finished school?
5. We have studied Chinese ______ three years.

6. Complete the sentences with for or since.

Example: Philip and Lydia have been married for eight years.
1 We’ve known each other __________ we were children.
2 Ethan’s been a teacher __________ 1997.
3 The animals haven’t eaten __________ three days.
4 Sam’s been in Paris __________ Wednesday.
5 Mrs Jones has owned that house __________ a long time.

7. Make questions using EVER.

1. you / visited / Have / ever / Paris ?

2. your dad / ever / Has / anything / invented ?

3. watched / you / have / a film in English / ever ?

4. lived / you / have / alone / ever ?

5. you / book / an interesting / have / ever / read ?

8. Complete the sentences with just, already or yet.

1. Don’t tell me what happens! I haven’t seen it ____!
2. I have __________ made some biscuits. Would you like one?
3. No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I have __________ eaten a lot of them today.
4. I haven’t emailed Tadeen __________. What about you?
5. I have __________ arrived to the office.
6. Have you finished that report __________?
7. I have __________ typed the last page. I finished it a few minutes ago!
8. She has ________ spent her money.

PAST SIMPLE

USES:

El pasado simple se utiliza para expresar acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado, es decir, que
comenzaron y finalizaron en un momento específico en el pasado.

SPELLING:

Regular verbs
- We add –ed to most verbs to form the past simple. E.g. play: played.
- Verbs ending in –e, we add –d. E.g. live: lived.
- Verbs ending in consonant +y we remove – y and add –ied. E.g. study: studied.
- Verbs ending in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant and add –ed.
E.g. stop: stopped.

Irregular verbs
- Irregular verbs have to be learnt by heart. E.g. see: saw/ go: went/ take: took.

STRUCTURE:

 Affirmative form: subject + verb in the past form (regular/irregular) + complements.

Example: I studied a lot for my exams.

 Negative form: subject + didn’t + infinitive + complements.

Example: He didn’t study for his exams.

 Interrogative form: Did + subject + infinitive + complements + ?

Example: Did he study languages at school?

EXPRESSIONS OF TIME WITH PAST SIMPLE: yesterday, last, ago.

PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE

 Present Perfect Past Simple
Acciones inacabadas que empezaron en el pasado y Acciones acabadas:
continúan en el presente:  I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved away
 I've known Julie for ten years (and I still know her). and we lost touch).
 (Conozco a Julie desde hace diez años)  (Conocí a Julie durante diez años)

Una acción acabada en la vida de alguien (cuando la Una acción acabada en la vida de alguien (cuando la
persona todavía está viva: una experiencia): persona ha fallecido):
 My brother has been to Mexico three times.  My great-grandmother went to Mexico three times.
 (Mi hermano ha ido tres veces a Mexico)  (Mi bisabuela fue tres veces a Mexico)

Una acción acabada con un resultado en el presente: Una acción acabada sin resultado en el presente:
 I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't get into  I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now there
my house now). is no result. I got new keys yesterday).
 (He perdido mis llaves)  (Perdí mis llaves ayer)

Con una unidad de tiempo inacabada (this week, this Con una unidad de tiempo acabada (last week, last
month, today): month, yesterday):
 I've seen John this week.  I saw John last week.
 (He visto a John esta semana)  (Vi a John la semana pasada)

ACTIVITIES

1. Complete the sentences using the past simple or the present perfect.

1. (Sophie/study) history for the last five years.

2. (I/go) to the supermarket three days ago.

3. (Peter/live) in Edinburg, when he was young.

4. (you/ever/travel) by plane?

5. In 2014, (Sandra/immigrate) from Spain to New York.

6. (She/not/see) Margot since 2023.

7. (You/see) peter yesterday?

2. Complete the sentences. Put the verb in brackets in the present perfect or the past simple.
Example: Did you go (go) to any museums when you were on holiday?
1 I _______________ (not see) Stephen since we left school in 1999.
2 My dad _______________ (not study) French at school.
3 Kathy _______________ (live) in her house for three years. She loves it.
4 Leo _______________ (not say) hello to me yesterday.
5 What time _______________ Micaela _______________ (arrive) at work this morning?
6 Annette and Jun _______________ (buy) a house in France last year.
7 ‘How long _______________ they _______________ (work) here?’ ‘Since May.’