A

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT

on

“A Comprehensive Study on Rice Milling and Export dynamics”

SUBMITTED BY

Geet Sharad Agrawal

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Naresh Bhure Sir

in partial fulfillment for the requirement of MBA Degree

for the

Academic session 2023-24

to

RASHTRSANT TOKADOJI MAHARAJ NAGAPUR UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR

at

GES’ DEPT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

NMD COLLEGE, GONDIA

1
 CERTIFICATE

GES’ DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

NMD COLLEGE, GONDIA

This is to certify that the investigation described in this report titled ““A Comprehensive Study

on Rice Milling and Export dynamics” has been carried out by Geet Sharad Agrawal during the summer

internship project. This study was done in the organization Vidarbha Rice Mill in partial fulfillment of

the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Administration of Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj

Nagpur University, Nagpur.

This work is the own work of the candidate, complete in all respects and is of sufficiently high

standard to warrant its submission to the said degree. The assistance and resources used for this work

are duly acknowledged.

Dr. GirisH kudale

Prof. Naresh Bhure Sir Head of the Department

2
3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone who

supported me throughout the course of this Summer Internship Project “A
Comprehensive Study on Rice Milling and Export dynamics”. I am thankful for
their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice
during my summer internship project work. I am sincerely grateful to them for
sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to this
SIP.
I am deeply indebted to my research guide, Naresh Bhure, for his/her
excellent guidance and timely corrections. Without this help this SIP report would
not have taken its present shape.
I am highly grateful to Dr. Sharda Mahajan, Principal, N.M.D. College,
Gondia, for allowing me to do this SIP work and all the teaching staff and library
staff.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank the support staff always helping
me during the making of my Summer Internship Project report. My thanks are
extended to the librarians and the system administrators at the computer lab.

Geet Agrawal
(MBA III Semester)
GES Dept. of Management Technology
N.M.D. College, Gondia

4
 INDEX

Sr. no. CONTENT Page

No.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC 6

2. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY 14

3. INDUSTRY PROFILE 19

4. OBJECTIVES 22

5. ACTUAL WORD DONE 24

6. ACADEMIC LEARNINGS 27

7. PROFESSIONAL LEARNINGS 30

8. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 33

9. CONCLUSION 35

10. BIBLOGRAPHY 36

5
INTRODUCTION TO THE
TOPIC

6
 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Rice is the most important cereal food crop of India, occupying one-fourth of the gross cropped area
of the country. India is the second-largest rice producer in the world after China, with more than 11.0%
of the global production share. India stands as a leading producer of non-basmati rice, cultivating a
wide spectrum of varieties that thrive across diverse climatic conditions. Common types such as Sona
Masuri, Ponni, HMT, IR-64, and Swarna are esteemed for their distinct characteristics, including
aroma, grain texture, and cooking versatility. Additionally, India is renowned for its Geographical
Indication (GI) tagged varieties, which underscore regional authenticity and quality assurance.

Internationally, Indian non-basmati rice enjoys robust demand owing to its diverse range of varieties
and competitive pricing. It caters to a wide array of culinary preferences worldwide, underscoring its
role as a staple food commodity in global trade. The sector's ability to consistently deliver quality
produce at economically sustainable rates further reinforces India's position as a key player in the
global rice industry. This also results in higher productivity than in other Asian countries such as
Thailand and Pakistan.

The country has exported 11116533.98 MT of Non-Basmati Rice to the world for the worth of Rs.
37804.48Crores/ 4570.06 USD Millions during the year 2023-24.

The major rice-producing states in India are Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, West
Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh.

Major Export Destinations (2023-24) : Benin, Guinea, Togo, Cote D Ivoire and Vietnam.

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 The Process of Rice milling:

The Process of rice milling involves removal of husk and bran layers, which produce rice that can be
edible, free of impurities. Rice milling business has been around fora long time. Especially, in countries
where rice farming is major source of income, the rice milling business is one of the business in the
agriculture that grows fast and help in economic development. Rice is one of the staple food throughout
the country. It is obtained from paddy, a mixture of bran, husk, and rice grain. Paddy itself cannot be
consumed in its natural form and needs to be processed into rice to become fit for human consumption.

The Licences required by Paddy Processing Industry

• Company registration or registration of proprietorship or partnership firm
• Udyog Aadhaar MSME registration
• PFA and ESIC registration
• IEC (Import Export Code), in case of export of rice
• GST registration

The process involves the following:

1. Pre-cleaning: It is the process of removal of foreign materials like straw, weed, seeds, soil,
etc. from paddy prior to milling.
2. De-stoning: It is a process of removing small stones from the paddy prior to the milling
process. It is done by using the destoner.
3. De-husking: It is a process of removing the husk or outer layer of paddy to produce brown
rice
4. Paddy removal: It involves the separation of hulled paddy rice from brown rice. After
dehusking the husk, bran and broken rice are separated. The separation is done on the basis of
difference in size, gravity, buoyancy etc by automatic machines.
5. Polishing or whitening: The white rice is obtained from brown rice using the process of
abrasion or friction between two surfaces.
6. Grading and separation of white rice: Separation of rice from broken rice is carried out using
different types of graders and separators. There are different indent sizes being used for
separation depending on the size of grain.
7. Mixing
8. Weighing of rice
9. Packing / Bagging of rice

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In the modern Rice milling system, following proportion of Rice and other byproducts are obtained
and the details are given below.

S.no item Percentage

1. Wastage 67-69%

2. Husk 6%

3. Bran 10%

4. Broken rice 12%

5. Wastage 5%

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 INTRODUCTION TO EXPORT

India is among the biggest exporters and producers of rice worldwide. It produces a diverse range of
rice varieties, including basmati and non-basmati, that cater to a variety of tastes of consumers. The
need for Indian rice is driven by the flavorful basmati rice, which is widely appreciated for its
distinctive taste and long grain. On the contrary, non-basmati rice is praised because of its price and
versatility for various cooking recipes.
Non-basmati rice relates to different varieties of rice that aren't classified as basmati. These rice
varieties are grown in various regions of India and offer a diverse selection of choices for consumption
in India and export. Non-basmati rice is further divided into medium-grain and short-grain varieties
along with long-grain. Some common non-basmati rice types include: SONA MASURI, JEERA RICE,
IR 64.

TYPES OF EXPORTERS:
Exporters can be basically classified into two groups:
1. Manufacturer Exporter: As the exporter has the facility to manufacture the products he intends to
export and hence he exports the products manufactured by him.
2. Merchant Exporters: An exporter who does not have the facility to manufacture an item. But, he
procures the same from other manufacturers or from the market and exports the same.

Docs necessary for rice export

I. Company Registration
II. Company PAN Card
III. Import Export Code (IEC)
IV. APEDA Registration
V. FSSAI Food License
VI. GST Registration

10
• Procedure of Rice Export from India to Russia

11
ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS

❖ Freight Forwarding

Departments typically arrange cargo movements to an international destination. This department has
the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the documentation and perform related activities
pertaining to international shipments. A freight forwarder organizes the safe efficient movement of
goods on behalf of an exporter, importer or another company or person, sometimes including dealing
with packing and storage. Taking into account the type of goods and the customer’s delivery
requirements, freight forwarder array, the best means of transport, using the services of shipping lines

❖ Logistics Field: Bulk Operations

The main operation of this department is to undertakes cargo booking, provides information on the
rates, the schedules, the arrival, departure time, name of the ship, transhipment details and does the
follow up.

❖ Clearing and Forwarding (C & F)

The main function of C&F department is to undertake the customs formalities on behalf of the
exporters or importers. The documentation process and clearing activities are done by this
department

❖ Warehousing

A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are commonly used by
manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually
large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns. They come equipped with loading docks
to load and unload trucks; or sometimes are loaded directly from railways, seaports.

❖ Cross docking – Containerization

Cross docking is a practice of logistics of unloading materials from an incoming semi trailer truck and
loading these materials to outbound trailers or rail cars, with little or no storage in between. This may
be done to change type of conveyance, or to sort materials intended for different destinations or to
combine material from different origin.

12
INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY

13
 INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY

• ORIGIN
It was Established in the year 1989, as A. Vidarbha Rice Mill, our
company is engaged in Milling and Exporting finest quality Non Basmati Rice varieties.
Different varieties of rice offered by us are globally accredited for rich aroma and freshness,
contaminant free, easily digestible and uniform size. The company was founded by 'Mr.
Kamal Agrawal', and Sons who havewide experience in the industry. They have set up rice
mill with the aim to serve the finest quality rice all over the world. Possessing state of the art
processing and warehousing facilities, we make sure of offering finest quality rice with world
class hygieneand export standards.

• PLANTING TO PLATING
The company consider our farmers to be a vital part of our Business. The
locals that we work with have an extraordinary knowledge and direct involvement in what
grows best on their own land.

• QUALITY ASSURANCE

Vidarbha Rice mill promises that you’re getting a quality product that has
been grown, harvested, Stored and cared for with the highest level of trustworthiness
and expertise.

• MILLING & PROCESSING

By using state-of-the-art milling and processing, we are at Vidarbha Rice mill, the milling and
processing thepaddy with international quality standards, cleaned, sorted and packed in superior
quality.

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 • AGEING

Our rice will never fail to impress our customers because they are perfectly aged. The
result isguaranteed fluffy, super smooth and finest grains at the customers’ table- Every time!

• Experience

Experience of more than two decades has made Vidarbha Rice Mill a distinct name in the industry.
The company is the celebrated Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of all varieties of Non Basmati
Rice. Our range is inclusive of Long Grain Parboiled Sortex Rice, Sona Masoori Steam Silky
Sortex Rice, Thanjavur Parboiled Sortex Rice, Matta Parboiled Sortex Rice, White Silky Sortex
Rice and many more. Our variety of Non Basmati Rice is organically cultivated on the most fertile
land using organic methods of cultivation. It is further hygienically processed at our up-to-date unit
to ensure zero adulteration at customer’s end. Moreover, we entertain both bulk and urgent orders.

15
 Varieties of Rice

• Long Grain Rice-

Since 1989, our organization has been involved in manufacturing, exporting and supplying of Long
Grain Parboiled Sortex Rice from Gondia, Maharashtra. Long Grain Parboiled Sortex Rice is
cultivated under suitable weather conditions and hygienically processed. Our broken rice is widely
used on regular basis for idli, appam and plain rice. Customers can purchase 100% Broken, White
Double Polished, Sortex Rice at market-leading prices from us.

➢ Country of Origin : India

➢ Cultivation Type : Organic
➢ Variety : Long Grain Rice
➢ Packaging Type : Gunny Bags, Jute Bags, Plastic Bags
➢ Kind : Long Grain Parboiled Rice
➢ Quality : Best

• 100% Broken Paraboiled Sortex Rice-

We are bracketed with renowned Manufacturers, Exporters & Suppliers of 100% Broken Parboiled
Sortex Rice. Our company is engaged in cultivation of organic rice and processing of superior grade
100% Broken Parboiled Sortex Rice. The rice grains we offer are having less than minimum moisture
and discoloration. They are broken using advanced technologies to retain their quality. Buyers can
purchase 100% Broken Parboiled Sortex Rice from us in food grade packaging and expect timely
delivery anywhere in the world.

➢ Type : Broken
➢ Style : Fresh
➢ Cultivation Type : Organic
➢ Variety : Short Grain Rice
➢ Packaging Type : Gunny Bags, Jute Bags, Plastic Bags
➢ Country of Origin : India

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 • Sona Masoori Steam Silky Sortex Rice-

We are one of the largest Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Sona Masoori Steam Silky Sortex
Rice from Gondia, Maharashtra. Sona Masoori Steam Silky Sortex Rice is processed under the
supervision of strict personnel to meet the demands to our prestigious customers. Our Sona Masoori
Steamed, Double Polished Sortex Rice is aromatic having longer grain size. We maintain a large stock
of Sortex Non Basmati Sona Masoori Steam Rice to fulfill urgent requirements of buyers.

➢ Type : Sona Masoori Rice

➢ Application : Cooking
➢ Shelf Life : 1Year
➢ Variety : Medium Grain Rice, Short Grain Rice
➢ Packaging Type : Gunny Bag, Jute Bag, Plastic Bag, Plastic Packet
➢ Feature : Good In Taste, Rich Aroma

• Idli White Silky Sortex Rice

We are among the best Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Idli White Silky Sortex Rice from
Gondia, Maharashtra. Our hygienically processed Idli White Silky Sortex Rice is highly demanded
due to its rich taste, fine finish and high nutritional value. We pack Idli White Silky Sortex Rice in
quality jute bags to keep their freshness intact. Customers can contact us for purchasing Idli White
Silky Sortex Rice at the most affordable rates.
➢ Application : Cooking, Food, Human Consumption
➢ Shelf Life : 18 Months
➢ Variety : Medium Grain, Short Grain
➢ Feature : High In Protein, Low In Fat, No Artificial Color
➢ Texture : Soft
➢ Form : Solid
➢ Packaging Type : Jute Bags, Loose Packing, Plastic Bags, Pp Bags

17
INDUSTRY PROFILE

18
 • COMPANY PROFILE

Name VIDARBHA RICE MILL

Type PRIVATE

Firm PARTNERSHIP

Industry AGRO PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Founded Year 1989

Managing Partner Mr. Sharad K Agrawal

I
Partner II Mr. Kamal Agrawal

Partner III Mrs. Rajni K Agrawal

Industrial Address Gondia-Amgaon Road Kidangipar Amgaon-441902

Office Address Vijay Nagar, Balaghat Road, Gondia-441614

Number 50
of
employee
s

Website www.vidarbharicemill.in

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• VISION

To achieve the national dominance in the rice industrial sector

• MISSION

Empowerment through customer satisfaction thereby providing good quality products

at affordable prices.

• GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF (VRM)

To establish a long term relationship with the customers.

Increase the market share by maximizing sales and improve the quality of the
products offered andincrease export.
Enhance the quality of products thereby utilizing the currently adopted
Japanese technology in abetter way and continuing updates of the currently
adopted Japanese technology.
To induce energy conservation and pollution control systems.
To adopt eco-friendly technologies and maintain environmental health.
To act as a catalyst to accelerate industrial development of the region.

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OBJECTIVES

21
Objective of the Study:

o To Understand the Rice Milling Process and its various stages from cleaning to
polishing, and identify the role of modern technologies in improving milling
efficiency and quality.

o To Analyze the Operational Efficiency of Rice Mills for evaluating cost

efficiency, energy consumption, Quality control, equipment maintenance, grain
loss and overall productivity of rice milling units.

o To Explore the Global and Domestic Rice Export Market and Analyze market
opportunities, global demand and supply trends in the rice export market.

o To Study legal framework and Regulations of rice export

o To learn the documentation process for export including Invoice, packing list,
BL, COC, Phytosanitary Certificates.

o To Analyze the end-to-end supply chain for rice exports, from procurement and
storage to transportation and distribution.

22
ACTUAL WORK DONE

23
Actual Work Done in SIP Report: A Comprehensive Study of Rice Milling
and Export Practices

1. Field Visits to Rice Mills

• Objective: To observe the rice milling process first hand and understand the
operations.
• Tasks Performed:
o Gained exposure to various milling stages such as cleaning, dehusking,
polishing, grading, and packing.
o Studied the machinery used in milling operations

2. Analysis of Rice Quality Control Procedures

• Objective: To understand how rice quality is maintained throughout the milling

process and for export.
• Tasks Performed:
o Assisted in quality control tests to measure rice grain quality parameters like
moisture content, broken rice percentage, and impurities.
o Observed the use of sorting machines to ensure uniformity in grain size and
color.
o Studied the procedures for testing and grading rice to meet export standards
(e.g., for basmati rice).

3. Involvement in Export Documentation and Processes

• Objective: To gain hands-on experience in the documentation and regulatory processes

required for rice export.
• Tasks Performed:
o Assisted in preparing essential export documentation, including:
▪ Commercial Invoice
▪ Packing list
▪ Certificate of origin
▪ Custom Declaration
• Learned about the stringent documentation requirements for exporting rice to different
countries.
• Noted the importance of timely completion of paperwork to avoid delays in shipments.

24
4. Supply Chain and Logistics Study
• Objective: To explore the supply chain management practices followed for rice
export.
• Tasks Performed:
o Conducted a detailed study of the supply chain from procurement of paddy to the
final export stage.
o Monitored inventory management, storage conditions, and packaging practices.
o Worked with the logistics team to understand shipping procedures, including
container loading, tracking, and warehousing.

5. Market Analysis for Export

• Objective: To understand the demand-supply dynamics and market opportunities for

rice export.
• Tasks Performed:
o Studied pricing trends, trade regulations, and tariff barriers in key export
markets such as the Middle East, Europe, and Africa.
o Analyzed the impact of government policies, subsidies, and international trade
agreements on rice exports.

6. Mantaining Accounts

• Objective: To learn the Accounting of Sale purchase of Rice Mill and Export
• Task Performed:
o Learned to create GST Bill of supply and Purchase in Busy software
o Learned about GST reversal on Busy software
o Studied and used Excell sheets for systematic data mantainance

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ACADEMIC LEARNINGS

26
ACADEMIC LEARNINGS:

1. Operations Management

• Process Improvement: Through observing and analyzing the rice milling process, I
applied concepts from operations management such as process flow analysis, capacity
utilization, and workflow optimization.

2. Supply Chain Management

• Logistics and Distribution: Applying supply chain theories, I analyzed the end-to-end
supply chain of rice milling and export. I learned how transportation, warehousing, and
distribution logistics play a key role in minimizing costs and ensuring timely delivery.
Concepts like logistics optimization, inventory control, and supply chain integration
were applied while studying the movement of goods from rice mills to international
markets.
• Supplier and Buyer Relationship Management: I gained practical knowledge about
managing supplier relationships, negotiating terms, and ensuring product quality
throughout the supply chain. This directly related to the Supplier Relationship
Management (SRM) concepts discussed in class.

3. International Business and Export Management

• Trade Regulations and Export Procedures: My SIP gave me hands-on experience in

export management, where I applied theoretical knowledge of international trade,
tariffs, and non-tariff barriers. I was involved in preparing key export documents, like
the Bill of Lading and Phytosanitary Certificates, linking theoretical learning from the
International Business courses to real-world trade processes.

4. Marketing Management

• Market Research and Consumer Behavior: I applied market research techniques to

analyze the demand for different rice varieties in export markets. By conducting a study
on consumer preferences and competitor analysis, I connected with the theories of
market segmentation, targeting, and positioning learned in the MBA curriculum.

5. Digital Marketing

• Using Different ways of Digital marketing like, social media marketing use of platforms
like insta, linkedin, Twitter offer excellent opportunities for B2B marketing in the rice
milling and export industry to promote the business.
• A well-designed, user-friendly website acts as the digital storefront for a rice milling
and export company. It should provide comprehensive information about the company,
the types of rice offered, milling processes, and export capabilities.

27
6. Communication Skills:

• Presenting findings, discussing strategies, and participating in meetings with

company executives helped me refine my communication and interpersonal skills,
directly connecting with the business communication course.

28
PROFESSIONAL LEARNINGS

29
PROFESSIONAL LEARNINGS:

1. Industry-Specific Knowledge

• Understanding the Rice Milling Process: I gained in-depth knowledge of the rice
milling process and different varieties of non basmati rice, from paddy sourcing to
cleaning, hulling, polishing, and grading. This experience gave me a clear
understanding of how the efficiency of each stage impacts the overall product quality
and profitability. I also understood the critical role of maintaining high quality through
stringent checks like moisture content testing, grain sorting, and certification standards
for export.

2. Supply Chain and Logistics Management

• Logistics Coordination for Exports: I gained hands-on experience in coordinating with

logistics providers, warehousing facilities, and shipping companies to ensure timely
and cost-effective delivery of rice exports. This highlighted the importance of smooth
supply chain operations in international trade.

3. International Trade and Export Documentation

• Export Procedures and Compliance: I gained practical experience in preparing and

managing export documentation, including commercial invoices, Bills of Lading,
Phytosanitary Certificates, and Letters of Credit. Navigating the complexities of
international trade, including tariff and non-tariff barriers, gave me insights into how
rice export businesses manage risk, negotiate terms, and ensure smooth cross-border
transactions.

4. Data Analysis and Decision-Making

• Data-Driven Decision-Making: I learned to collect, analyze, and interpret data related

to rice production, export performance, and market trends. Using data to make informed
decisions, particularly in pricing, product positioning, and identifying bottlenecks in the
milling process, was a key takeaway.
• Forecasting and Trend Analysis: I applied forecasting techniques to predict demand in
international markets and identify potential market trends. This experience helped me
understand how data analysis supports strategic decision-making and future business
planning.

5. Ethics and Sustainability

• Ethical Considerations in Global Trade: The exposure to export operations taught

me about the ethical considerations involved in global trade, including maintaining
transparency, ensuring fair trade practices, and adhering to international quality and
safety standards.

30
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
& CONCLUSION

31
FINDINGS:

Supply Chain Management

• Observation: Delays in raw material procurement and logistics coordination,

particularly with suppliers and transportation providers, were evident. These delays
affected the smooth flow of production and led to missed shipment deadlines for export
orders.
• Impact: Late shipments resulted in strained relationships with international buyers and
increased costs due to expedited shipping to meet deadlines.

Inventory Management

• Observation: There was a lack of a robust inventory management system. Excess

inventory of paddy was maintained as a buffer, which led to overstocking and increased
storage costs. In addition, there were occasional instances of spoilage.
• Impact: Overstocking tied up working capital and led to waste due to spoilage, which
directly affected profitability.

Export Compliance and Documentation

• Observation: The export documentation process was time-consuming and prone to

errors, particularly in managing multiple international trade requirements (e.g.,
different countries’ quality and regulatory standards).
• Impact: This resulted in delays at customs clearance, leading to longer delivery times
and increased costs due to fines and penalties for non-compliance.

Digital Marketing and Branding

• Observation: The company’s digital presence was minimal, with a basic website and
limited social media activity. There was no targeted digital marketing strategy aimed at
reaching international buyers.
• Impact: This lack of digital marketing reduced the company’s visibility in global
markets and limited its ability to attract new clients, particularly in competitive markets
where branding and online presence play a significant role.

32
Suggestions:

• Strengthen Digital Marketing and Branding by developing a full fledge working

website and promoting the B2B business of the company.
• Adopt Sustainability and CSR Practices which creates a greater appeal to eco-conscious
buyers, better access to markets where sustainability is a priority, and enhanced brand
reputation in global trade.
• Attending international trade fairs and engaging in government-supported trade
missions can also help expand the customer base.
• Implementing modern milling technologies, such as automated quality control systems
and energy-efficient machinery, to reduce grain breakage and optimize energy usage.

Conclusion:

• Modernizing rice milling machinery and optimizing processes can significantly reduce
grain breakage, improve yield, and lower energy costs, leading to enhanced
profitability.
• Efficient coordination of procurement, inventory, and logistics is essential for
minimizing delays, reducing costs, and ensuring timely fulfillment of export orders.
• A stronger digital marketing presence through a well-optimized website, active social
media engagement, and participation in global B2B platforms will increase global
visibility and attract new buyers.
• Integrating sustainable practices such as water conservation, waste reduction, and eco-
friendly packaging can appeal to eco-conscious buyers and enhance the company’s
reputation in international markets.
• Building and maintaining strong relationships with international buyers through
consistent communication, on-time delivery, and quality assurance is key to long-term
business success.

33
BIBLIOGRAPHY

34
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

For Successfully completing my project file. I have taken help from the following website
links:-

https://www.dgft.gov.in/
www.vidarbharicemill.in
https://www.apeda.gov.in/
https://www.icegate.gov.in/
https://fssai.gov.in/
https://www.nabard.org/
www.wikipedia.com
www.scribd.com
www.google.com

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