Rizal

(Prelims)

MAKING OF REPUBLIC ACT 1425 Epic of Panay

o Longest Epic
Short Historical Background o Napugutan ulo kag I display saiya backyard
• Philippines was not discovered by Magellan by the datu
• Tribal community is headed by the datu
(political leader) and babaylan (spiritual Olotayan
leader) o Resting place of the people for head
hunting
o “Ulo sang patyan”

Panay Inang
o Center of babaylans during the pre-spanish
period

Bailan
o Named after 2 famous babaylan:
▪ Kauway-uway
Note: In Laguna, a system of writing was discovered and • Babaylan based in bailan
it is called the BAYBAYIN (artifact in the pre-spanish ▪ Kunitnit
period) • Babaylan based in Iloilo
o Both of it are the reasons why we were
labelled as the “aswangs”

2. Gold—exploitation of the natural

resources of exploited colonies—basis
of wealth is the metals acquired

Oton Iloilo
o Excavated artifacts (barter rings)
• 16th Century is the Age of Mercantilism and o 18-24 carats
Exploration Panay
1. Mercantilism – served as the reason for o Second oldest colonized/settlement in
the age of exploration the Philippines
2. Exploration – great power/ powerful o Divided into two:
countries are going to other countries ▪ Pueblo de panay
to extract resources to make their ▪ Pueblo de ugtong
country rich. o The two kingdoms (early years of
• Great powers are in competition of power and Spaniards)
wealth (Spain, Portugal, France, England, and o Areas with gold:
Netherlands) - SPFEN ▪ Tapaz, Maayon, Pillar
• Spain conquered the Philippines—God, Gold,
and Glory – the 3 main reasons for the age of 3. Glory—number of colonies serves as
mercantilism and exploration measure of power
1. God—use of religion as means of
subjugation and eradication of the • Pueblo de Panay (Panay, Capiz) played a very
indigenous religion (babaylanism) important role in colonizing the Philippines
▪ Introducing the religion in the with the help of 1500 Panayanons
country they colonize. o After the Spaniards conquered the
▪ One of the practices is trying to Philippines, they establish the first
name the baby to what they Spanish govt. in Cebu and there
believe in. were problems like the lack of food.
▪ Worship things that tries to • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered Manila and
give them blessings; folklores. established settlement in the walled City of
Intramuros in 1571
Oral history o Panay is supposed to be the 2nd
- Agorang (old spirit) riches kaso gin kawatan ang
o Heals people in the daytime simbahan.
- Aswang (inflict the heart) • Philippines was conquered by the Spaniards for
o Unseen force that cause harm more or less 333 years - abuses followed.
 Rizal
(Prelims)

o The Spaniards fully colonized the

Philippines after the fight of Raja
Sulayman and Lakandula and
colonized the 3rd settlement in
Manila, intramuros to which it
became colonized for less or more
than 333 years.
• Coins during that time was also called “pilak” which
Museum, City hall and Church means silver
o Are the defense fortress of the American Occupation
Spaniards before
• Treaty of Paris was the end of Spanish
Andres Bonifacio vs Jose Rizal occupation and the start of American
occupation
• William Howard Taft declared Jose Rizal as
national hero
• Pedro Paterno
o Gin padala ni Aguinaldo para I represent
ang Philippines

Japanese Occupation

Both of them cared for the welfare of the • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Filipino people and they are for the masses and • Reconized Rizal through their “Mickey Mouse”
are ordinary people. or Japanese Imperial Money

La Liga Filipina
Post War Philippines (1945 onwards)
o Was not successful since Rizal was
executed in Dupitan. • Philippines is looking for an inspiration after the
WW2
Emilio Aguinaldo vs Andres Bonifacio

• Death of Rizal triggered the 1896 Philippine The passage faced a lot of opposition….
Revolution • REPUBLIC ACT No. 1425 - June 12, 1956
• Among the movements for revolution, Magdalo o An Act to Include in the Curricula of All
(Aguinaldo) and Magdiwang (Bonifacio) groups Public and Private Schools, Colleges
of Cavite are the most dominant and Universities Courses on the Life,
Works and Writings of Jose Rizal,
Fun Facts Particularly His Novels Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the
➢ 8 rays of the sun represents the 8 provinces Printing and Distribution Thereof, and
that started the 1986 revolution and were put for Other Purpose
under Martial Law, namely: Manila, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Tarlac, & ❖ WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of
Nueva Ecija - MBPCBLTN our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to
➢ 3 Stars represent Luzon, Panay, & Mindanao the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our
➢ White triangle represents liberty, equality, & heroes lived and died;
fraternity - LEF ❖ WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them,
particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal,
Kalye Revolution we remember with special fondness and devotion
o First place battle of the Katipunans their lives and works that have shaped the national
character
❖ WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal,
particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source
of patriotism with which the minds of the youth,
especially during their formative and decisive years
• Money during the reign of Isabel 2 was called in school, should be suffused;
pera— a Spanish word which means bitch (His ❖ WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the
husband King Alfonso XII died in 1885) supervision of, and subject to regulation by the
 Rizal
(Prelims)

State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral - 3 Major events that influenced Rizal’s nationality –
character, personal discipline, civic conscience and
1. Industrial Revolution
to teach the duties of citizenship;
❖ Section 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of - Machines replaced human labor
Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere - In England, Britain
and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the
curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, 2. French Revolution
public or private: Provided, That in the collegiate - Overflowing of kings and queens
courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of - 15th – 16th century the ideology of divine right
the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo of their theory in Europe
English translation shall be used as basic texts o King and Queens are relatives of
❖ Section 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, appoint ones of God.
colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an o You cannot be a king if you will not
adequate number of copies of the original and receive a blessing from the bishop
unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and - th
17 century the people realized that the king
El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and queens starts to abuse/corrupt
and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of o Because of this realization, the people
the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their replaced the monarch and gin change
translations in English as well as other writings of sa social contract theory
Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books ▪ Govt. to protect the rights of
for required reading in all public or private schools, the people for the people and
colleges and universities. by the people
❖ Section 3. The Board of National Education shall ▪ Thomas Halves
cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El • Philosopher
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose • “men by nature is evil”
Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal ▪ Shasha Kruso
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in • “men by nature is
cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be good”
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to - Product of this: constitutional monarchy
read them, through the Purok organizations and o Bad government
Barrio Councils throughout the country o Everything is ruled based on the
❖ Section 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as provisions of the constitutions
amendment or repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, Bajo De kampana
prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by o “Sound of the bell”
public school teachers and other person engaged
in any public school. • The Spanish Colonial government in the Philippines
❖ Section 5. The sum of three hundred thousand ran indirectly through the viceroy of the Spain in
pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out Mexico.
of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the
National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Viceroy
Act.
➢ Was the one who appointed the Governor
❖ Section 6. This Act shall take effect upon its
General in the Philippines.
approval.
Governor General

THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19th CENTURY AS RIZAL’S ➢ Was the chief executive in the whole
CONTEXT archipelago and the head of the military.
➢ He had the power of cumplace or the power to
The System of the Government in the Philippines choose the law that he implemented

• Because the Spanish government gave a lot of

power to the governor general, they assigned two
positions that would check the administration of
the governor general:

1. Visitador
- Who visited the country to check the
administration of the Governor
General.
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(Prelims)

2. Residencia The Rise of Liberalism in Spain and the Philippines

- Who lived in the Philippines to observe
The Political Situation in Spain
the Governor General.
❖ In the early 1800
A. ALCALDE MAYOR o Spain was experiencing political
➢ Each provinces has this. instability due to the successive rise
➢ Head of the political unit. and fall of the leader brought by the
➢ Had the power and responsibilities like the conflict between the liberals and the
governor general but its power was limited conservatives.
to the province ❖ The changes brought by the enlightenment and
the territorial disputes made a change in the
B. GOBERNADORCILLO perspective of the people towards the
➢ Since the provinces is divided into smaller government.
units and they have this.
➢ The power and responsibilities of them
was the same with the gobernador
general, however, his power was limited
only in the town or pueblo.
➢ Also had the power of Indulto de Comercio
or the power of the gobernadorcillo to
engage into trading.
❖ In 1808 – 1812
C. CABEZA DE BARANGAY o The Spanish people fought against the
➢ Smaller units into barangays, and they were invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte as the
headed by this. latter appointed himself as the leader
of the French and aimed to expand
• The Filipino was only allowed to assume the their territory to the Iberian peninsula.
position of gobernadorcillo and Cabeza de o This war against napoleon, made the
barangay only and only given to a: Spanish govt. suffered from:
o Filipino male ▪ lack of funds
o 23 years old ▪ the economic problems due to
o Educated the bankruptcy of the business
o Had a property of 500 pesos. ▪ collapse of industry
▪ decrease of population
D. CONSEJO DE INDIAS (Council of Indices)
➢ Has the power of legislation ❖ Los Afrancesados
➢ Was also in mexico o Were the well educated elite
o Asked for the liberal reforms in the
E. SPANISH CORTES govt. after many difficulty in economy
➢ Had the power to enact law that they and casualties
would implement in the Philippines, o The result of their struggle was a
however, the Filipinos had no constitution with a more liberal idea of
representatives in the spanish cortes. the government

F. ROYAL AUDIENCIA ❖ Cadiz Constitution of 1812

➢ In terms of judiciary, they are the highest o Mandated the transformation of the
court in the country Spanish government from monarchy to
➢ Supervised the other courts but in reality the constitutional monarchy, the
there was no equality in the Filipino and parliamentary system in the creation of
Spaniard in the context of law. law division of power in the govt.,
equality, free trade, competition and
G. FRIARS the divestment of properties held in
➢ Highest decision making body in the mortmain or the properties from the
country church and other institution (DePedro,
➢ They had the opportunity to dominate the 2005).
society and the government. o The changes brought confusion to the
Spanish people and majority wants the
old system because their perspective of
the new system was just a new version
 Rizal
(Prelims)

of the absolutism government of ❖ Progresistas

france. o Second group
o Most of them were freemasons who
❖ In 1820 believed that the hindrance of the
o Don Fernando VII reigned in the middle attainment of development were the
of the battle between liberal and absolutism of monarchy, the ignorance
absolutism and the rebellion for of the people and the intercession of
independence in South America. the friars in the political and social life
o Political instability = Bankruptcy of the people.
o When he was about to end his term in
1833, the liberal members of the ❖ Carlista
parliament made changes in the law o Fourth group
which prohibited women to become o They believed that to attain stability in
the next ruler. the govt. and the society and the
▪ This act made Queen Isabel a people should follow the tradition and
liberal leader to assume the church.
leadership.
Note: The conflict between the groups became the
basis of the arguments of the intellectual like Rizal who
❖ Queen Isabel II
aimed for the political reforms in the Philippines.
o Her liberal clique initiated aggressive
policies which harassed the church
o In 1835 The Political Situation in the Philippines
▪ A law was passed that legalized
❖ Constant change in the governor general
the confiscation of the
became the hindrance of gaining stability of
properties of the church by the
colonial govt. in the Philippines which resulted
govt. and abolition of the
to the failure of the implementation of the
religious order in Spain except
needed reforms in the country.
the religious orders in the
❖ End of the domination of spain to the latin
Philippines, because they
Americans = migration of the Spaniards from
realized its importance to them.
the said territory to the Philippines and posting
o The abolition of it made the life of the
of incompetent officials in the Spanish colonial
members of the church difficult in spain
govt.
▪ Which made them decide to
become a secular priest and
❖ From 1834-1862
travel to the colonies like the
o Spain adopted 4 constitutions, elected
Philippines where there was
28 parliaments and installed no less
still a power of the church.
than 529 ministers
o In 1844
▪ The moderate liberals and
❖ From 1835 to 1897
conservatives succeeded to
o The Philippines was ruled by 50
overthrow the govt and Isabel
governor generals
II to the throne.
o There was an instance when the
▪ The new laws passed by the
appointed oidor of royal audiencia was
govt of queen Isabel II
terminated before he could reach the
resurrected the religious
Philippines and assume office
orders, introduced new
method of taxation and helped
❖ Opening of the Philippines in World trade
the govt. gained their stability.
(1820 – 1855)
o One of the policies of the spanish govt.
❖ Illustrados (the Enlightened Ones)
o In Sual in Pampanga, Iloilo in western
o First group
visayas and Zamboanga in Mindanao.
o They were the intellectuals who aimed
o Its opening brought development in
to introduce reform for the
agriculture because the foreign
development of Spanish civil life and
businessman invested their capital in
chosed by King Carlos III
the sugar and hemp importation.
▪ They believed that through
education the society could
attain reform.
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(Prelims)

❖ In 1865 The Economic Development

o Cebu became an open port for trading
❖ In the 19th century
Note: Because of this policy, the family of rizal were o Wealthy Filipinos were engaged in the
able to send their children to study in manila and international trade
abroad. o Business in line with agriculture
attained development because of the
opening of Suez Canal and
The Social Stratification in the Philippines
development in international trade.
❖ Spanish colonization gave way to the existence o Lands were in control by the friars,
of the new social stratification. they had the opportunity to increase
❖ Ability to speak Spanish language is to the rent which resulted to the
determine education status. decrease in the income of the Filipino
elites

❖ Francisco Mercado (father of rizal) was an

Inquilino
o He rented a big land in Calamba from
the dominican friars
o When the friars increased the rent, he
refused to increase the rent of the
farmers under his administration.
o So the family of rizal suffered because
❖ PENINSULARES of the decrease in income.
o Spaniards who were born in spain and
settled in the Philippines - 4 Classes during the Pre-Spanish period –
o Occupied the highest class in the 1. Alipin
society and position in the govt. ▪ salves
o They built their community in the 2. Timawa
intramuros and enjoyed all the ▪ Average income people
privileges. 3. Maharlika
▪ Rich ones
❖ INSULARES 4. Maginoo
o Spaniards born in the Philippines were ▪ Datu/ Royal Family
second class
o They also enjoyed the luxuries in the
Philippines THE ADVENT OF NATIONALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES

Nationalism
❖ CREOLES
o Third class - A sentiment of a person towards his country.
o Mixture of spanish and Filipino. - It is a display of loyalty of a person to his own
o Were the group of rizal culture, history and aspiration as a nation
o The gomburza and other Filipinos who - A national sentiment that unites the people
sought reform in the society during the towards a common goal for the advancement
Spanish colonization belonged of the country.
o Illustrado
▪ Under the creoles
▪ Educated Filipinos because
during those times there was
no public education so only the
wealthy Filipinos can afford it.
o Principalia
▪ Land owner

❖ INDIOS (the natives)

o Lowest class
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(Prelims)

RIZAL’S LIFE, FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY

EDUCATION

Article 1

Article 2
 Rizal
(Prelims)

Article 3 Birth of the Hero

JOSE P. RIZAL

➢ Full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y

Alonso Realonda
➢ Born on June 19, 1861 between 11:00-12:00
midnight
➢ Born in Calamba, Laguna
o First class municipality
o Place where rich families enjoyed
material progress brought by the
opening of the Philippines in the world
trade.
➢ Parents: Teodora Alonzo & Francisco Mercado
Rizal
o Teodora almost lost her life in giving
birth because of his big head.
o Because of that they considered jose as
a special child and called him “muy
bonito”

➢ Family of Rizal was considered as one of the

richest families in calamba
Article 4
The Mixed Ancestry

❖ Jose Rizal came from a mixture of:

o Chinese
o Spanish
o Japanese
o Filipino

- Family of Jose Rizal -

1. Domingo Lamco
- Great grandfather of Rizal
- Chinese immigrant from china
- He adopted the name Mercado (Spanish term
for “market”)

2. Ines de la Rosa
- Great Grandmother of rizal
- Chinese girl from manila

3. Francisco Mercado
- Son of Domingo and Ines
- resided in Binan
- married to a Chinese woman – Cirila Bernacha
- he was elected as the gobernadorcillo of Binan

4. Juan Mercado
- married a Chinese girl – Cirila Alejandro
- blessed with 13 children including francisco
Mercado (father of rizal)

5. Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro

- At the age of 8, he lost his father and grew up
under his mother.
- Studied latin and philosophy at the college of
San Jose in Manila.
- Fell In love with the student from the College of
Santa Rosa which is Teodora Alonzo
 Rizal
(Prelims)

- Was a well-respected farmer and business man ❖ His aya told him a lot of stories about fairies,
in Laguna asuang, nunu and tikbalang
- Was an Inquilino ❖ At the age of 3, his father built him a nipa
cottage in their garden.
6. Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos ❖ At the age of 4, he experience the first sorrow
- From the family of Lakandula when his sister Concha died
- Eugenio Ursua
o Her great grandfather had a japenese The Story of the Moth
ancestry; married Benigna.
▪ Both their daughter Regina was
married to a unknown chines-
filipino.
▪ Brigada the daughter of Regina
married a prominent Spanish
named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo
from binan. Both of them are
teodora’s parents
- was a highly educated woman
- was a devotee to Saint Joseph Journey to His Early Education
- was Jose Rizal’s first teacher
❖ At the age of 3, he knew how to read and write
❖ Parents of Rizal with the help of his mother
o Both of the parents of Jose Rizal had a ❖ Maestro Celestino
Chinese Ancestry. o his first tutor, Maestro Lucas Padua,
o They were married on June 28, 1848 and and Maestro Leon Monroy who lived
settled in Calamba and engaged in farming with their family and taught Rizal
business. Spanish and Latin.
o Blessed with 11 children:
▪ Saturnine
❖ However, his education learned from home was
▪ Paciano
not sufficient so his father Don Francisco
▪ Narcisa
decided to send him in the fishing village in
▪ Olimpia
Biñan for his primary education.
▪ Lucia
▪ Maria
❖ In June 1869
▪ Jose
o Jose P. Rizal needed to leave his family
▪ Concepcion
to study in Biñan.
▪ Josefa
o The two brothers rode the carromata
▪ Trinidad
for one and a half hour, they arrived in
▪ Soledad
Biñan.
o Jose lodged in the house of his aunt
❖ His family belonged to the middle class or the
Isabel.
principalia / creoles class
▪ The beautiful scenery in the
❖ Their house was made of adobe and hardwood,
place did not appeal to the
they owned a carriage and horses which were
young Jose because of his
symbols of wealth
homesickness.
FAMILY TREE
First Day in Biñan

❖ The school was thirty meters away from the house

of his aunt and also house of his teacher Maestro
Justiniano Cruz
o which was described by Rizal as tall,
thin, long necked with a sharp nose and
body slightly bent forward, and he used
to wear sinamay shirt and he knew by
heart the grammar by Nebrija and
Gainza.
o He experienced being scolded by
The Childhood Memories Maestro Justiniano Cruz because he
was asked if he knew Spanish and Latin
❖ His parents employed rizal with an AYA (nurse and he answered "um poco" or little.
maid) due to his condition. o Before coming to school he had the
reward and punishment as his method
of teaching.
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(Prelims)

❖ According to his diary, Jose did not want to

remember the number of beatings that he
experienced but the lessons from those beatings.
❖ For Rizal, the sadistic methods of learning was
beneficial since he was encouraged to study harder
and perform above what was expected.

A Victim of Bullying

Daily life of Biñan

Success in Biñan

❖ Maestro Justianiano Cruz

o Used corporal punishment to inculcate
discipline to his students.

Return to Calamba

❖ December 1870
o He received a letter from his sister
Saturnina advising him to ride the
motorboat Talim that would bring him
back to calamba.
o So he went to the Chapel of the Virgin
of Peace in Antipolo, and to the river to
gather stones as souvenirs and made
paper fishes and bade goodbye to his
classmates and teachers.

❖ December 17, 1870

o 1:00 in the afternoon, Saturday – He
reached his home to calamba.