LINEAR ALGEBRA - MATH 201

MIDTERM I - 20/11/2023
Full Name Student Number Signature

Solutions

Duration: 100 minutes. There are 5 problems worth a total of 54 points.

Instructor: Canan Kasgikcl

RULES

All unauthorized materials (textbooks, notes, electronic devices, bags, etc.), and in particular mobile
phones and smart watches must be switched off and must be left in the area designated by the
proctor(s) away from the seating area in the room.

ANY form of communication with fellow students during the exam will not be accepted. Students
involved will immediately be expelled from the classroom.

If you leave the classroom after the exam has started then you are not allowed back in.

Write your full name on each odd page and sign each odd page.

Write your answers clearly, legibly, and bold enough.

Solve each question on the given page (not on another page), scratch papers or extra papers
are not allowed.

You must show all your work, steps, and computations in your solutions.

There are 5 questions. Check whether your exam sheet has all of them. If any is missing report this
to the proctor.

You are not allowed to ask questions during the last 30 minutes.

ATTENTION

Read the questions carefully.

Always label your row operations with the notations as given in the lectures.

In Problem 5, parts a, b and ¢ are independent of each other.

In your solutions, explain the arguments leading to the answer in a clear, organized fashion. You
might get no points for correct answers with no explanation and/or unorganized solu-
tion.
Problem 1: (10 points)
Consider the following system of linear equations,

1 + 229 + 223 + 24 =14

1 + 229
+ 34 =4
221 +4x9 +8x3 — 224 =48

(a) Write down the augmented matrix C for this linear system. Use elementary row operations on C
to obtain a matrix in reduced row echelon form.

SR TR SR

2 0 3k |gr,4ReoRa 6 022 TOR= >

2" 4 8 -2 .48 —2|g 0 4 “h:20

2 02 Gy 2 45N
S -4R,+R™Rs |0 © -\ S
oo@«“-s 23#’ o®ooI°
o O L4 -u-2° o L
in row echelon ap

2p, D 2 0 3ty ]
V L}

T ool@ s © © .0
o ©0
L s
[y reduced fow echelon ‘PO"M

(b) Use the reduced row echelon form found in part (a) to find the solution set of the linear system.
Clearly identify basic and free variables.

K 7‘9_ ¥aq Yfl_‘.

H 2 o 3 Ch | %= h-2%-3x, {42 3, | |
o 0 () =15 pxg=Stx, ss. || x LR
6o © .9 ° 0 (% %ER({) Stns,
\:‘L‘:?‘_E basiz &""‘- LL Ry b (N
(o‘m’.‘n?fib oy &M)
 Name, Surname: Signature:
Problem 2: (11 points)
1 3 5
Given the following vectorsu = | —1 |,v=| —1 |,andw= | =3 |:
5 3 13 by
(i) Use Gaussian elimination to find a condition (if any) on b1, ba, bs such that b= | bz | € S(u,v,w).
b3
be S(u,\/;wB =D iU 46‘2\1 '4'431.0: b *fl‘ Some €&y, C3€IR. .

®$ 3 S .‘. bl_R\‘f’Rl—bRL
2 5 Eb' -162 R Q
Ty TV 3 P2 bsp 4RaRs o @ 2 (bytb bl
. >“ o
5 3 13 :ba| =12 o-12 ! bs-5b,

3 5 . b€ S{uvuw)e=d b4 bb,tby=0
& @ 2 E%fl'b‘ Since Otherwise tere wil be g

P e © ;33;55"?6!32"? ib' Pivot in the last columna, wWhich

‘o, +Zb.z+b3 will aake the L.S, rnconsisdentc
Oc40.¢,40.c3 2 O = bytbby +b3 +0 X .
2
(i) Use your answer to part (i) to verify that b = |: 2 € S(u,v,w).
-14
2 =

Sahslies B,'{'GB-Z-PBS =0 hee LE S(WV/‘*’B.

v
246.2-14 =0

e €E R
WES(y) 12> Gittgvmw for some cuea
(¢4¢) Show that w € S(u,v).
.

> =D c\+3c2__._5‘ j-—->242=2 =3¢, =1 2¢, =2.

< |-I + Sl 3 |T= -3 _c‘_‘)-rs e és( )

=
= wN/.
T
V=l
Se 48, K13
=
; 218
(tv) Decide S(u,v,w) geometrically. Give a concrete description.

uz[D]£L{3 7] 3u od v ow lnerly incdependent

5 3 =3 S(u,v): 5."“‘4'5\“ a,bélfil s ploe in R*

through He ofib"n. &J po- 4 (i.‘.‘), WeE S(uv) ond hence

S(U,V1N> =SLU,V) W the Some p'an<

3
 Problem 3: (10 points) 1 9 9
(a) Find A~! using the Gauss-Jordan elimination where A = | 2 19 |.
5
Form [P Xs]
9 9 | o) [ :

2; ' l ‘5_R| +R3—32 o e l ‘:_‘2' l o ,_l_fi

546#80°'——-"’4@@3;-sol

A e | =3 1 | 2RA=1|1 -3 |
o oM:-2 1 0 | -2\ O
1 3
A 3
(b) Solve the linear systemn Ax = |: 0 } using your answer o part (a), i.e. using A~L.
3

0
L= |0 I -3 ||} 10-3+13.04(-9). 3 2 ‘ "
= | -1 \ o = l.3+(-/_\35.0+ L2 1= 1e s the solution,

Lo +0.3 -6
/—\o /flo

-2 1 o [|3 244
7
(c) Change the first column of A into another nonzero vector while keeping the other columns
the same, so that the resulting matrix is singular. Explain your reasoning.

A s inNer +ible = Colwms of A are l""“"'b inalr-pcdsn"‘. So

C'w3¢ the s+ colum OP Ane wfiM eolums become \Rn:of‘b

W—\-. For aYomnp le: R‘: ro 3 3 H‘ 15 S-'rj-lld‘ Since.
. I '8 14 He oplumas 0# A’
(€46 Cs=Q, | |2 b 43| oo lnesly dpt
Cy-Cp 12 G
 Name, Surname: Signature:

Problem 4: (10 points)

(a) Let W be a subset of a vector space V over R. State the Subspace criteria, i.e. three conditions
which W must satisfy to be a subspace of V.
(1) W s nonempty. (e.qu-‘vaan;L OV éw)
2) utv €W whenever u,vE U) (ie ) tsclosea unsler addiion)
(3) &Q&LMM&SHML&%@MMI.@
(b) Let V = Rz] with the usual addition and scalar multiplication. Use the Subspace criteria to
determine whether the following subset W of V' is a subspace of V.

W = {p(z) € R[z] : p(z) =0 or p(z) has degree 3}.

PONEW since eq (p.(x\3 =3 .Pbo

Lot P0)=242x-5.
d‘a (P;_(x}\ =3, .
‘F_q_(&) & U) since
|¢+ 'Pa.(\‘ == >'~3 +2¥z+3.
Siece. a‘j (?n ()4 ELL"\)"' 2%
However 'P.(v-\ “"P_«;_(*\ = 2%2‘#‘.2»: -2 §!w
W s not closes) under adddon .
=
- w Isr:héi' a subspace q)» ,p\Y_‘L]

(+hf. 2ero Fobhom,—al) ond w is closed! )

<No+¢. Yot W anteins F(x\:o

urder Scoling but i+ daes not robler since #4 not claed undles oddition |
(c) Let V = R3 with the usual addition and scalar multiplication. Use the Subspace criteria to determine
whether the following subset W of V is a subspace of V.

and z = —y}.
N W:{(ft,y,z)ER3:x=3y
o
W = 2(33,3,—,&6& \ Jél&}
—i{w isnm a s.
() (0.0,0) €W (jfls'\' \et J=O)

od N== (3t¢, - ‘tfiwm,s\j-*t pfi : u +V€w

To:e'show
(2) Let w= (3_3,3,-3>é_w

utv =(33+3t,3++.,-5--t)= (Ebig),gjrfiz -fl@}i (3, o1, ) EU)

dn ™
=5\~U+V6w (2) hods.VvV
JER. Toshow: Ju€l).
u:(fia,:,—g\éw o
(3 Let nalyCIR.
Juz L (3,99) = (3(k, k) =30 W e ]
3 n r (3 WodsV”

B:J Subspoce. criveria, U 3 a Subspace qfi IR3,

5
 Problem 5: (13 points)
(a) Let V = May2(R). Let C and D be fixed matrices in V and consider the subspace of V given
W={AeV:AC =DA}.

B bFindabasisfor:Va;ldfincidinr‘lehleo [i }landD=[(2] 8](Tdke4=[‘: 2])

Q:L ‘:_léwe[c d:l[l J:[o o][cd]("“' A= DA

4 Q"'b-,fi.a a=b H‘_'==
<D Qé.afl,’—l =|22 ‘2';3] <D Yatb =21 - C s~
etd eta =8

W=‘<fl|’gl> Sirce &thj “‘”“A‘Fofi

wcm be wrtten as QLC— O} H(adnj_

e | |]+¢2— o 9 =[oO =BE =€, =0 whzh | m?\‘s +hot Riod Ry

0 o =t | © o cre \ma:r_j hd&pmdnn“-

|3=Y.N; Aa | s a basis .F,(- W since stRdU od Ris L.T.

Thus dim W= 2.

(b) Decide whether the following statement is True or False. If the statement is True, give a proof, if it
is False, give a counter example.
If S = {v1,v9,v3} is a linearly dependent set with nonzero vectors, then each vector in S is
expressible as a linear combination of the other two in S

| Ralae). Counter-example: Jet Sz i(‘.c), (2,9),(0, l)_g.

S s linearly cependent since -2 (1,0)+1(2,9)+2(91) = €0,0). However
(01) can'+ be expressed as g .LC 4 (ho) od (2,9) sice
< (1,9) te, (29) =(0,l) = E s N:-onsas-l-n'!-(o.q +0.c5 ')
=
(¢)_Prove that if A is a nonzero 3 x 3 slngular
nntrl‘{ then there exists a nonzero 3 x 3 matrix B such
mf‘f-fl
that BA = 0, where 0 denotes the zero matrix.
s sinquler, then there are
¢.|zm|‘ag etrices K, . , E) such Hhat Ly
£ ER=Rzrred (RS lavtrow
Congists ertirel J OJ. 3¢,r°.s Now ccfl.sduk"’_‘——’J e
O 0 ¢ N O "H'
0 O0h¥ [EuEPzlo 0 od
0 o+
[fat
‘2.3-
[=OR"’ORJ.""'OI):S
foarodi* Oy -%:s'“eme
R' o
.E
&=
T le ders in *‘3 a *o?__lx:l OR, DRaOix3 LV—F—‘ 3
NQ\.O \C."" . M oa_ B ore. J.C_ °£ +\¢ rowd o-'- b which s

on trverHble m.x( e ithas L.D - >| rouuo& gmhg_a\\ag-o

with +he drivial sduhimn Which 1St the cate here sinte B'st D, 5B#0