BRIGHT DAY SCHOOL: VADODARA

CBSE UNIT
STD. 9
Subject: Artificial Intelligence
Unit -2 AI Project Cycle
Notes & MCQs
 The AI Project Cycle is a step-by-step process that a company must follow in order to
derive value from an AI project and to solve the problem.
There are five different stage of AI Project Cycle.

 Stage of AI Project Cycle

1. Problem Scoping
Whenever we begin a new project, we encounter a number of challenges. In fact, we are
surrounded with issues! These issues might be minor or major; sometimes we overlook
them, and other times we require immediate attention.
To understand a problem, determine the different aspects that affect the problem, and define
the project’s goal are problem scoping.
How to Identify the Problem Scoping in AI Project
Follow the following steps to identify the problem scoping from the project –
 Understand why the project was started.
 Define the project’s primary objectives.
 Outline the project’s work statement.
 Determine the most important goals.
 Choose important milestones.
 Determine the major constraints.
 Make a list of scope exclusions.
Acquiring Data from following Source
4Ws Problem Canvas

The 4 W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why. This 4 W’s helps to
identify and understand the problem in a better manner.
a. Who – The “Who” element helps us to understand and categorize who is directly and
indirectly affected by the problem, and who are known as Stakeholders.
b. What – The “What” section aids us in analyzing and recognizing the nature of the
problem, and you may also gather evidence to establish that the problem you’ve chosen
exists under this block.
c. Where – What is the situation, and where does the problem arise.
d. Why – Refers to why we need to address the problem and what the advantages will be for
the stakeholders once the problem is solved.
Statement of the Problem Template
After you’ve completed the above 4Ws, make a summary of what you’ve learned. The
problem statement template is the name for this summary. This template summarizes all of
the important points in one place. So, if the same problem comes again, this statement will
make it much easier to fix.

Problem Statement Template with space to fill details according to your Goal:
2. Data Acquisition
The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as data
acquisition. Data can be in the form of text, video, photos, audio, and so on, and it can be
gathered from a variety of places such as websites, journals, and newspapers.
What is Data
Data is a representation of facts or instructions about an entity that can be processed or
conveyed by a human or a machine, such as numbers, text, pictures, audio clips, videos, and
so on.
There is two type of data –
1. Structured Data
2. Unstructured Data

a. Structured Data
When data is in a standardized format, has a well-defined structure, follows a consistent
order, and is easily accessible by humans and program. This data is in the form of numbers,
characters, special characters etc.
b. Unstructured Data
Unstructured data is information that doesn’t follow traditional data models and is therefore
difficult to store and manage. Video, audio, and image files, as well as log files, are all
examples of unstructured data.
Dataset
Dataset is a collection of data in tabular format. Dataset contains numbers or values that are
related to a specific subject. For example, students’ test scores in a class is a dataset.
The dataset is divided into two parts
a. Training dataset – Training dataset is a large dataset that teaches a machine learning
model. Machine learning algorithms are trained to make judgments or perform a task through
training datasets. Maximum part of the dataset comes under training data (Usually 80%)
b. Test dataset – Data that has been clearly identified for use in tests, usually of a computer
program, is known as test data. 20% of data used in test data
Acquiring Data from Reliable Sources
There are six ways to collect data.
a. Surveys
A research method for gathering data from a predetermined sample of respondents in order
to get knowledge and insights into a variety of issues.
b. Cameras
We can collect visual data with the help of cameras, this data is unstructured data that can be
analyzed via Machine learning.
c. Web Scripting
Web scribing is a technique for collecting structured data from the internet, such as news
monitoring, market research, and price tracking.
d. Observation
Some of the information we can gather through attentive observation and monitoring.
e. Sensors
With the help of sensors also we can collect the data. A device that detects or measures a
physical property are called sensors, such as biomatrix.
f. Application program interface
An API is a software interface that enables two apps to communicate with one another.
How to create a System Map with example of Water Cycle.
All of the constituents of the Water Cycle are circled in this System Map. With the help of
arrows, the map depicts the cause and effect relationships between elements. The arrowhead
represents the effect’s direction, while the (+ or -) indicates their relationship. If the arrow
with the + sign goes from X to Y, it suggests the two are directly related.
That is, as X rises, Y rises as well, and vice versa. If the arrow, on the other hand, goes with
a – sign between X and Y, it signifies that both elements are inversely connected.
This means that while X increases, Y decreases, and vice versa.
Now, it’s your turn to build your own System Map!
Data Exploration
In order to better understand the nature of the data, data analysts utilize data visualization
and statistical tools to convey dataset characterizations, such as size, amount, and accuracy.
Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical methods or
using graphs.
Why Data Exploration
Exploration helps you gain a better understanding of a dataset, making it easier to explore
and use it later. It also helps to quickly understand the data’s trends, and patterns.
About Data Visualization Chart
Data visualization charts are graphical representations of data that use symbols to convey a
story and help people understand large volumes of information.
The following are some of the most frequent data visualization chart and graph
formats:
a. Column Chart – A column chart is a basic Visualization chart that uses vertical columns
to represent data series. Because column lengths are easy to compare, column charts are an
effective approach to demonstrate the changes in the data.

b. Bar Chart – A bar chart is a visual representation of category data. The data is displayed
in a bar chart with multiple bars, each representing a different category.

Modelling
AL, ML & DL
Venn Diagram of AI

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in robots that have been
trained to think and act like humans. The term can also refer to any machine that
demonstrates, like humans, the ability to learn and solve the problem is Artificial
Intelligence.
Machine Learning
Machine learning is a part of an Artificial Intelligence application in which we give data to
the machine and allow them to learn for themselves. It’s essentially getting a machine to
accomplish something without being specifically programmed to do so.
Deep Learning
Deep learning is a part of Artificial Intelligence that uses neural networks with multilayer.
Deep learning analyzes the data, learns the data and solves the problem the same as a human.
Deep learning requires the machine to be educated with a large quantity of data in order to
train itself.
Rule Based
The rule-based approach to AI modeling is when the developer defines the relationship or
patterns in data. The machine follows the developer’s rules or instructions and completes its
job properly.
What is Modeling
An AI model is a program that has been trained to recognize patterns using a set of data. AI
modeling is the process of creating algorithms, also known as models, that may be educated
to produce intelligent results. This is the process of programming code to create a machine
artificially.

Rule Based AI Model (Decision Tree)

Learning Based Approach

Refers to AI modeling in which the developer hasn’t specified the relationship or patterns in
the data. Random data is provided to the computer in this method, and the system is left to
figure out patterns and trends from it. When the data is unlabeled and too random for a
human to make sense of, this method is usually used.
Decision Tree in AI
The concept of Decision Trees is similar to that of Story Speaker. It’s a rule-based AI model
that uses numerous judgments (or rules) to assist the machine in determining what an
element is.
The following is the basic structure of a decision tree:

Points to Remember
When creating Decision Trees, one should carefully examine the dataset provided and try to
determine what pattern the output leaf follows. Try picking one output and figuring out the
common links that all similar outputs have based on it.
When building a decision tree, it’s common for the dataset to have redundant material that’s
of no use. As a result, you should make a list of the parameters that directly affect the output
and use only those when designing a decision tree.
For a single dataset, there may be several decision trees that lead to correct prediction. The
most straightforward option should be selected.
Evaluation
After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to
determine its efficiency and performance; this is known as evaluation.
 Std. 9
Subject: Artificial Intelligence
Unit -2 AI Project Cycle
MCQs
1. The AI Project Cycle is a ____________ that a company must follow in order to
derive value from an AI project and to solve the problem.
a. Step-by-step process b. Random process
c. Reverse process d. None of the above
2. The stages of the AI project cycle are _____________.
a. Problem Scoping & Data Acquisition b. Data Exploration & Modeling
c. Evaluation d. All of the above
3. How you can identify the problem scoping in the project.
a. Understand why the project was started b. Define the project’s primary objectives
c. Outline the project’s work statement. d. All of the above
4. Give the example of a source where you can acquire the data?
a. Sustainable development goals b. Environment
c. Agriculture d. All of the above
5. What are the 4 W’s of problem scoping __________ in AI.
a. Who & What b. Where c. Why d. All of the above
6. __________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is directly and
indirectly affected by the problem.
a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
7. ___________ section aids us in analyzing and recognizing the nature of the problem.
a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
8. _________ elements help to find where the problem rises.
a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
9. ___________refers to why we need to address the problem and what the advantages
will be for the stakeholders once the problem is solved.
a. Who b. What c. Where d. Why
10. __________ summarizes all of the important points in one place.
a. Problem statement template b. Problem statement document
c. Problem statement file d. None of the above
11. The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as
___________.
a. Problem Scopin b. Data Acquisition c. Data Exploration d. Modeling
12. What is data in AI?
a. Facts b. Instruction c. Information d. All of the above
13. What are the different types of data __________.
a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
14. If data is easily accessible by humans and program, and easy to read is known as
_____________.
a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
15. _________ data doesn’t follow traditional data models and is difficult to read, store
and manage.
a. Structured Data b. Unstructured Data c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
16. ________ is a collection of data in tabular format.
a. Dataset b. Structured Data c. Unstructured Data d. None of the above
17. The dataset is divided in two parts ___________.
a. Machine dataset & Model dataset b. Training dataset & Test dataset
c. Gaolable dataset & local dataset d. None of the above
18. __________ dataset is a large dataset that is used for teaching a machine learning
model.
a. Training dataset b. Test dataset
c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
19. What is the percentage of data utilized in a training dataset?
a. 50% b. 20% c. 80% d. 100%
20. Data that have been clearly identified for use in tests, usually of a computer program is
known as ____________.
a. Training dataset b. Test dataset c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
21. What is the percentage of data utilized in a test dataset?
a. 50% b. 20% c. 80% d. 100%
22. What are the different reliable sources to collect the data in AI?
a. Surveys & Web Scraping b. Sensors & Cameras
c. Observations & API d. All of the above
23. Web Scripting is a technique for collecting ____________ data from the internet
such as news, market research and price tracking.
a. Structured data b. Unstructured data
c. Scripting data d. None of the above
24. We can collect visual data with the help of cameras. This data is ___________ data.
a. Structured data b. Unstructured data c. Scripting data d. None of the above
25. A device that detects or measures a physical property is called __________.
a. Sensor b. API c. Observation d. None of the above
26. An _________ is a software interface that enables the interaction between two apps.
a. Sensor b. API c. Observation d. None of the above
27. What is a System Map?
a. Helps to make relation between multiple element
b. Only one elements will be responsible
c. Indicate the relationship using + or –
d. Both a) and c)
28. Data analysts utilize data visualization and statistical tools to convey dataset
characterizations, such as ___________.
a. size b. amount c. accuracy d. All of the above
29. Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical
methods or using graphs.
a. Statistical methods b. Graphical methods c. Both a) and b) d. None of the above
30. Data Exploration helps you gain a better understanding of a _________.
a. Dataset b. Database c. accuracy d. None of the above
31. _____________helps to represent graphical data that use symbols to convey a story
and help people understand large volumes of information.
a. Dataset b. Data visualization c. Data Exploration d. None of the above
32. A machine that work and react like human is known as ____________.
a. Artificial Intelligence b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning d. None of the above
33. Machine have a abilities to learn from the experience or data.
a. Artificial Intelligence b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning d. None of the above
34. It work like structure and function of the brain called artificial neural network.
a. Artificial Intelligence b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning d. None of the above
35. _______ is a program that has been trained to recognize patterns using a set of data.
a. AI model b. Dataset c. Visualization d. None of the above
36. Type of AI model are _____________.
a. Lesson Based and Rood Based b. Learning Based and Rule Based
c. Machine Learning and Visualization d. None of the above
37. ___________refers to AI modeling in which the developer hasn’t specified the
relationship or patterns in the data.
a. Learning Based b. Rule Based c. Decision Tree d. None of the above
38. After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to
determine its efficiency and performance; this is known as ___________.
a. Evaluation b. Learning c. Decision d. None of the above