CLASS

M.E.S INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA -QATAR

Notes 2024- 2025
Section : BOYS’ & GIRLS’ Date: 10-05-2024
Class &Div.: X Subject: IP

Lesson / Topic: AI PROJECT CYCLE

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Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using proven

scientific methods and drawing inferences about them.

Components of the project cycle are the steps that contribute to completing
the Project. The Components of AJ Project Cycle are:-

 Problem Scoping - Understanding the problem

 Data Acquisition - Collecting accurate and reliable data
 Data Exploration - Arranging the data uniformly
 Modeling - Creating Models from the data
 Evaluation - Evaluating the project

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Problem Scoping refers to
understanding a problem,
finding out various factors which
affect the problem, define the
goal or aim of the project.
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Sustainable Development: To Develop for the present without exploiting the

resources of the future.
l7 goals announced by United Nations.
Aim to achieve them by SDG.
Pledge taken by Off the member nations of the UN.

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The SW’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why. This W’s
helps in identifying and understanding the problem in a better and efficient
manner.

Who - "Who” part helps us in comprehending and categorizing who are

affected directly and indirectly with the problem and who are called the
Stake Holders

What - "What” part helps us in understanding and identifying the nature

of the problem and under this block, you also gather evidence to prove
that the problem you have selected exists.

Where - "Where” does the problem arise, situation, context, and location.

Why - "Why” is the given problem worth solving.

PROBLEM STATEMENT TEMPLATE

The Problem Statement Template helps us to summarize the key points into one
single template.
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The Stakeholder Who

Have a problem Issue/Problem What

When/While Context/Situation/Location Where

Ideal Solution How the Solution will help Why

Stakeholders
[Problem Statement Template]

Types of Data Sets

The process of collecting accurate and reliable data to work with.

Data features Refer to the type of data you want to collect.

→

Ex: salary amount, increment percentage, increment period, bonus, Facial expressions etc.

Big Data
It includes data with sizes that exceed the
capacity of traditional software to process
within an acceptable time and value.

The main focus is on unstructured type of Types of Speed of

Data
data. Data

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Web Scraping Sensors

Web Scraping means collecting data Sensors are very Important but
from web using some technologies. very simple to understand.
Example: Web Scrapping. using Sensors collect the physical
beautiful soup in python. data and detect the changes.

Cameras Observations
Camera captures the visual When we observe something
information and then that information carefully we get some information
which is called image is used as a For ex: Scientists Observe
source of data. creatures to study them.
Cameras are used to capture raw Observations are a time
visual data. consumingdata source.

API Surveys
Application Programming interface. The survey is a method of
gathering specific information
API is a messenger which takes
from a sample of people.
requests and tells the system about
requests and gives the response. Example, a census survey for
analyzing the population.
Ex: Twitter API, Google Search API
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Data Exploration is the process of arranging the gathered data uniformly for a
better understanding. Data can be arranged in the form of a table, plotting a
chart, or making a database.
To analyze the data, you need to visualize it in some user-friendly format so
that you can:
Quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships and patterns
Define strategy for which model to use at a later stage
Communicate the same to others effectively

The tools used to visualize the acquired data are known as data visualization
or exploration tools.

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Rule based Approach

→ ways/Approaches
Learning based Approach

Modeling is the process in which different models based on the visualized

data can be created and even checked for the advantages and disadvantages
of the model.

Rule based Approach Refers to the AI modeling where the relationship

or patterns in data are defined by the developer.
That means the machine works on the rules and information given by the
developer and performs the task accordingly.

Ex: You trained your model with 100 images of apples and bananas. Now If you test
it by showing an apple, it will figure out and tell if it's an apple or not. Here Labeled
images of apple and banana were fed, due to which the model could detect the fruit.

Dataset is a collection of related sets of information that is composed of

separate elements but can be manipulated by a computer as a unit.

Training Data – A subset required

to train the model
Testing Data – A subset required
while testing the trained the model
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The learning-based Approach is based on a Machine learning experience with

the data fed.

Machine Learning (ML)

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides
machines the ability to learn automatically and improve from experience
without being programmed for it.

Types of Machine Learning:-

Supervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
Semi-supervised or
Reinforcement Learning

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Classification
→ Categories
Regression
Supervised learning is that model is trained under the supervision of the person
who is training the machine with labeled set.Types of Supervised learning are:

→ Classification
Here, Data is classifying according to their
features.

Example: To predict which of them is apple

and banana.

→ Regression
Regression is a type of supervised learning
which is used to predict continuous value.

Example: To predict your next salary, put in the

data of your previous salary, any increments, etc.,
train the model.
Example: Weather Prediction using past data.

Here, the data which has been fed to the machine is continuous.
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In terms of machine learning, unsupervised learning is in which a system learns

through data sets created on its own. In this, the training is not labeled.
Important Points:
An unsupervised learning model works on unlabeled dataset.
This means that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there
is a possibility that the person who is training the model does not have
any information regarding it.
The unsupervised learning models are used to identify relationships,
patterns and trends out of the data which is fed into it
What the data is about
It helps the user in understanding
What are the major features identified by
the machine
Example: Suppose a boy sees someone performing tricks with a ball, so he
also learnt the tricks by himself. This is what we call unsupervised learning.

→ Clustering
Its an algorithm which can cluster the unknown
data according to the patterns or trends identified
out of it
The patterns observed can be known to the
developer or it can be unique.

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→ Dimensionality Reduction:
We can visualize up to S-Dimensions only.
To reduce the dimensions and still be able to make
sense of the data, we use Dimensionality Reduction.
The ball in our hand is S-Dimensions. but if we click
its picture, the data transform to 2D.

Learning through feedback or trial and error method is called Reinforcement

Learning.
The system works on Reward or Penalty policy. The machine is exposed to
an environment where it trains itself continually using trial and error .The
machine learns from past experience and tries to grasp the best possible
knowledge to make accurate decision.

Example: A very good example of

these is Vending machines.
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Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on

outputs by feeding the test data into the model and comparing it with actual answers.
There can be different Evaluation techniques, depending on the type and
purpose of the model.

NEURAL NETWORK

Deep learning is the subfield of Machine learning, which learns itself. Neural Network or artificial
Neural Network (ANN) is an example of Deep Learning technology. It is a computer system
made up of simple and highly interconnected elements which process information by their
dynamic state of response to inputs. It is made up of multiple nodes which imitate biological
neurons of human brain.
Functioning of Neural Network:
It is made up of 4 parts:
(a) Dentrites
(b) Axon
(c) Nucleus
(d) Synapses.

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Dendrites
Dendrites are branched, tree-like extensions from the cell body. They receive chemical signals
from other neurons and convert them into electrical impulses.
Axon
The axon is a long, slender projection that transmits electrical impulses (action
potentials) away
from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Soma (Cell Body)
The cell body, or soma, contains the nucleus and other organelles that maintain the neuron's
health and functionality. It is responsible for integrating incoming signals and generating
outgoing signals.
Synapse
The synapse is the junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites or
cell body of another neuron.
The different types of layers in an ANN are:

Input Layer:The input layer is the first layer of an ANN and is responsible for receiving the initial data
or features.
Hidden Layers:Hidden layers are intermediate layers between the input and output layers where the
actual processing and feature extraction occur.
Output Layer:The output layer is the final layer of the network, producing the output predictions.
 SL BIOLOGICAL NN ARTIFICIAL NN
NO
1 Dendrites Input
2 Soma Node
3 Synapse Interconnection between
2 nodes
4 Axon Output

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