PHYSICS

WALLAH

01 02 RATE LAW
03 04 05
Consider a general reaction,
RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION FACTORS INFLUENCING aA + bB product
ORDER AND MOLECULARITY PSEUDO ORDER REACTIONS
decrease in conc of reactant OR Increase in conc of reactant
Time taken
RATE OF REACTION Rate = k[A]a [B]b (law of mass action) Consider a general reaction, Consider the reaction
Time taken
Rate = k[A]x [B]y (rate law expression) aA + bB product H+
C12H22O11 + H O C6 H12O6 + C6H12O6
AVERAGE RATE Factors Effect on reaction rate x & y are determined experimentally and may or may not be equal Rate = k[A]x [B]y
to a & b In these reactions, concentration of water
Consider a reaction: A + B C+ D Increase in concentration Increases molecularity = a + b (one of the reactants) is in excess and its
x & y represents the order of reaction with respect to A & B
∆[A] ∆[B] ∆[C] ∆[D] order = x + y concentration remains constant throughout
- ∆t =- ∆t = ∆t = ∆t Increase in temperature Increases the reaction.
Molecularity Order Thus, rate [C12H22011]
INSTANTANEOUS RATE Presence of catalyst Increases RATE CONSTANT Therefore, order= 1
Consider a reaction: aA + bB cC+ dD Theoretical concept. An experimentally
Larger the value of k, faster is the reaction. determined quantity.
- 1
d[A] 1 d[B] 1 d[C] 1 d[D] The value of k changes only with temperature for given reaction.
a dt =- b dt = c dt = d dt It cannot be zero, fractional, It can be equal to zero
unit of rate constant = (mol)1-n Ln-1 s-1 infinite and imaginary. positive, negative and fractional.
Unit of Rate = mol litre-¹ s-1

Q During the decomposition of H O , 48 g O QWhich of the following will lead to an increase Q The rate constant of a zero-order reactions has Q When the rate of the reaction is equal to the Q For a pseudo first-order reaction, what is the
is formed per minute at a certain point of time. in the rate of the reaction? the unit rate constant, the order of the reaction is unit of the rate of the reaction?
The rate of formation of water at this point is a) Decrease in temperature (a) s -1 (b) mol L-1 s -1 (a) zero order (a) s -1
(a) 0.75 mol min -1 (b) 1.5 mol min-1 b) Decreasing concentration of reactants (c) L2 mol-2 s -1 (d) L mol-1 s -1 (b) first order (b) mol L-1s -1
c) Addition of catalyst (c) second order (c) mol-1 L s -1
(c) 2.25 mol min-¹ (d) 3.0 mol min-1
d) Addition of inhibitor (d) third order (d) mol-2 L2 s -1

chemical kinetics
06 07 08 09 10
ELEMENTARY & COMPLEX REACTIONS INTEGRATED RATE EQUATIONS HALF LIFE PERIOD GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ARRHENIUS EQUATION
Zero order Zero order 1.Concentration - time graph 2. Rate - concentration graph
Reactions occurring only in one step are called elementary -Ea
b. First order Slope =

log k
t = [A]0
b. First order c. Second order
[A]0- [A] t k = Ae-Ea/RT
a. Zero order a. Zero order
reactions while that involving a sequence of elementary FIRST ORDER TRICKS
2.303R

reactions, are called complex reactions. k= t

1
2
2k
r= k [A] r= k [A]2


Intercept
t75% = 2t
Rate

Ea 1
Conc Conc Rate Rate

In case of complex reactions, the slowest step is called rate First order 1 logk = logA -2.303R
= log A
First order 2 T 1/T
determining step.
t90% = 2.303
time Conc Conc (Conc)2
time

Note Consider the reaction From slow step k = 2.303

t
log [A]0 t = 0.693
1
3. Half life - concentration graph
NOTE
k k
2
2O3 3O2 r = k [O] [O3] [A] t a. Zero order b. First order c. Second order For every 10° rise in temperature, rate
Step - 1 Here
[o] [O3] ; From fast step
Second order Second order
t99.9% = 10t 1 becomes double and hence, rate constant
2 t t t
becomes double.
O3 O2 + O (fast) 1 - 1
k = 1t [A] t = 1
1 1 1
2 2 2

[O2] 1

t [A]0 k [A]0
2
Step - 2 r = k [O3]2 [O2]-1 Conc Conc Conc
A reaction with higher value of Ea will
O + O3 2O2 (slow) have smaller value of rate constant.

Q Suppose the reaction: A + 2B AB2 occurs by Q A first order reaction has a specific Q The half-life period of zero order reaction is Q The graph of t versus initial concentration 1
2 Q The slope of Arrhenius plot (In k vs 1T ) of first
the following mechanism: reaction rate of 10-2 sec-1 . How directly proportional to the ___________ 'a' is for order reaction is - 5 x 103 K. The value of Ea
Step 1 : A + B AB slow much time will it take for 20 g of the a) Rate constant t 1
of the reaction is [Given: R=8.314 J K-1 mol-1 )
reactant to reduce to 5 g?
2

Step 2 : AB + B AB2 fast b) Initial concentration of reactants a

(a) -83 kJ mol -1 (b) 41.5 kJ mol -1

Overall A + 2B AB2 (a) 138.6 sec (b) 346.5 sec c) Final concentration of reactants a) First order
(a) k[A] (b) k[B] (c) k[A][B] (d) k[B]2 d) Concentration of products b) Second order (c) 83 kJ mol -1
(d) 166 kJ mol -1
(c) 693.0 sec (d) 238.6 sec c) Zero order
d) Can't predict