Lecture 3
Lecture 3
ENGINEERING
CENG 7201
Introduction
Single Pile capacity
Pile Groups
Batter Piles
General
Batter piles are used to resist inclined / horizontal loads
Braking and
acceleration
loads
Wind
Chimney
Bridge pier
Alternating
tension and
compression compression
tension Sheet-piling
Vn ( xn y0 tan n )
CM
Vn ( xn y0 tan n ) 2
)
ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BATTER PILES
Statically indeterminate system - Method of Schiel
applicable for piles in space (general case)
Linear elastic behavior of piles assumed
(E determined from lab results (Resistance
deformation curves)
Not applicable for all cases
ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BATTER PILES
Statically indeterminate system - Method of Schiel
The pile forces will be transformed into a global
coordinate system
By defining the pile axis in space using a unit vector:
_
AB p xi ; p yi ; p zi
i
The components of the force p can be expressed in the
direction of the unit vector (direction cosine):
pxi cos i ; p yi sin i cos i ; pzi sin i sin i
Similarly for the moments:
rotp pai ; pbi ; pci
pai yi pzi zi p yi ; pbi zi pxi xi pzi ; pci xi p yi yi pxi
ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BATTER PILES
Statically indeterminate system - Method of Schiel
Force vector:
pi pxi ; p yi ; pzi ; pai ; pbi ; pci
For the whole pile matrix:
P P1; P2 ;...; Pi ;...; Pn
The external forces will be expressed in the same manner
with 6 components:
F T Fx ; Fy ; Fz ; Fa ; Fb ; Fc
E p Ap
The stiffness of the i pile can be calculated as: c p ,i
th
L i
If a pile has different cross sections, the average stiffness
with a unit axial deviation will be cp
1
1
c
j p, j
ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BATTER PILES
Statically indeterminate system - Method of Schiel
The stiffness of the whole system of piles will be determined
through transformation of the summation of the stiffness of
individual piles.
The matrix for the stiffness of the system of piles is a 6X6
matrix determined from the sum of the stiffnesses:
S kl Slk ci pki pil
i
(k , l x, y, z, a, b, c)
The first index, k, describes the direction of the stiffness of a
loading in the direction of the second index, l.
In matrix form S P· D
· P
T
Ri ci , p ·vi
ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BATTER PILES
Statically indeterminate system - Method of Schiel
The method is so complex that there is limited application
in practice – better used in special cases like by simplified
geometries.
Exercise
Use the method of Schiel to
analyze the symmetric
problem on the right