RISK MANAGEMENT AND

ASSESSMENT
• One of the main activities of the new OHS approach is
RISK MANAGEMENT AND ASSESSMENT activities.
• OHS studies require a scientific discipline and study.

2
For this reason, in occupational health and safety studies,
“Identification and analysis of possible hazards, and
classification of risks as a result of this analysis” is a
simple description of risk assessment work.

3
Identifying and classifying risks in terms of business;

• Identification of priority risks,

• which of these risks cannot be tolerated,
• which are kept under control,
• which also negligible risks,

4
• It cannot be expected that all risks in
businesses will be of the same
intensity and probability.

• In this case, priority or urgent risks are

more important for the business in
terms of time and opportunity.

5
• The absence of an accident in a business does not mean
that there are no dangers there. The risk management
method should be repeated at regular intervals and
adapted to that business. Things that the team that will
conduct the risk analysis should pay attention to:
• 1. The team should be prepared very carefully
• 2. It must have necessary and sufficient documentation.
• 3. A disciplined team should be selected.
• 4. Analysis plan and time should be determined carefully.
• 5. The team leader's skill in management and direction
6
 Hazard and Risk Concept

• Hazard; It can be defined as an event whose type,

probability and magnitude has not been
determined and has not occurred, but that will
cause harm to humans or the environment.

• Risk; It can be defined as investigating the extent

and severity of the possible consequences of the
hazard and making it concretely defined.

7
Hazard (Danger) and Risk Concepts

Is the dog a danger?

8
RECOGNITION OF DANGER

- Aggressive behavior
- Sharp teeth
- Parasites
- Sharp claws

9
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS

- Biting and infection

- Prasite transition
- Trafic accident
- Incision and scrabble

10
Risk Control

- Training
- Parasite medicine, taking bath
- Good nutrition, good care
- Dog collar

11
• Every factor that is considered a threat in
terms of occupational health and safety is
“Hazard (Danger)”.
• Determining the extent and probability of the
bad outcome of the danger is «RISK»
• Risk classification and grading studies are also
called «RISK ASSESSMENT»

12
Risk Management in Occupational Health and
Safety

• The basic principle in risk management in

occupational health and safety;

• Identification of risks,
• taking control
• reset
13
 In order to create an occupational health
and safety risk management structure;
• An appropriate occupational health and safety policy,
• Managing and working staff who have adopted this policy,
• Planning in accordance with the characteristics of the
workplace,
• Application,
• Measurement and evaluation of application and results,
• System review and correction,
phases must be planned and implemented.
14
 An appropriate occupational health and
safety policy
• If there is no appropriate occupational health and safety
policy originating and supported by the employer in the
workplace, it is not possible to implement a real risk
management practice in the workplace.
• As risk management cannot be done, only a risk
assessment that does not yield practical results can be
made due to the legal obligation. However, it is not
possible to implement this study and get results.

15
 Management and Staff in
Compliance with Risk Management
Policy
• Such a staff should be established or created over time. If
there is no staff who knows the characteristics, goals and
objectives of the risk management system and is a part of
the system, it is inevitable that the system will fail and
collapse.
• This staff should adopt the principle of “problem-free
production”.
16
 Planning
• Recognition of the workplace
• Determining the basic strategies of the Risk Management
System. (As a result of risk assessment studies, the
enterprise's predetermination of its basic policy against
the questions of "How should we act", "What should be
our attitude" against the results obtained.)
• Determination and planning of methods
• Division of labor and job descriptions

17
 Application

• Identification of risks,
• Classification,
• Using appropriate analysis methods,
• Evaluation and ranking of risks,
• Determination of precautions,
• Implementation of the measures,
18
Measurement and evaluation of implementation
and results

• As a result of the planned stages in the risk

management process; It is mandatory to measure and
evaluate the degree of success of the solutions.
• This measurement is an indicator of how successful the
established and implemented system is.
• It is imperative to find and implement appropriate
methodologies for measurement and evaluation
studies.

19
 System Review and Correction

• According to the data obtained as a result of

measurement and evaluation made with appropriate
methods, after determining which mistakes were made
at which stages, which errors or incorrect determinations
were revealed during the implementation phase, and
what the faulty sides of the developed solutions were,
correction or re-method development studies should be
started.

20
 Risk Assessment Methodologies

• The purpose of the Risk Management system; It is to

determine the risks, to classify them, to reveal which of
them are the risks that can be controlled and which are
the risks that will definitely be eliminated.
• The versions of Risk Assessment methods that can be
used in occupational health and safety management
systems are as follows.

21
• Risk Map
• Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
• Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
• What if..?:
• Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) Using Checklists
• Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA)
• Risk Assessment Decision Matrix)
a) L Type Matrix
b) X Type Matrix Diagram (1)

(1); Kılıç Ö. ; İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği, Yönetim Sistemleri Ve Risk Değerlendirme Metodolojileri

22
• Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
• Hazard Ranking Index (DOW index, MOND index,
NFPA index)
• Rapid Ranking Method (Material Factor)
• Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)
• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis- Failure Mode
and Critically Effects Analysis (FMEA/FMECA)
• Safety Audit
• Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
• Cause- Consequence Analysis)(2)

(2); Kılıç Ö. ; İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği, Yönetim Sistemleri ve Risk Değerlendirme Metodolojileri

23
 Risk Map Method
• In a rough and simple way, it is a method of
obtaining a map by classifying the risk zones
according to their importance and dividing them
into sections.
• It is a difficult method to apply in cases such as
the size and smallness of the workplace, and the
risk zones are too variable and small to be
determined.
24
• It is a method that can be applied if there are
different departments in the workplace where
different process productions are made,
independent of each other.
• It is difficult to give a satisfactory idea in
workplaces consisting of a single production
building, where many machines and
workbenches are located together and each will
produce different risk results.

25
• It can also be applied and successful results can be
obtained in workplaces where there are
independent production departments with
different risk categories in a single building.

• It is a useful method especially in the preparation

of emergency plans in campus-shaped workplaces
where production and auxiliary facility
departments are located in separate and
independent buildings.
26
• With this method, it is possible to work on the
arrangement of the workplace or the
reorganization of the workplace in the first
establishment phase of the workplace for major
industrial accidents, natural disasters and similar
situations.

27
 LPG

Car park Auxiliary

facilities
Leisure Dining hall Offices Lab.
center

Administrative Foundry
Foundry Furnaces Transformer
building

Boiler
Welding Room
Storage
Machining Compressor
Painting Hydrophore
28
 Initial (Preliminary) Hazard
Analysis
• As the name suggests, in this method, a preliminary
determination and analysis is carried out in order to
determine and apply which method is appropriate in
future risk assessment studies.
• Data is created for the next risk analysis by determining
the possible hazards that the equipment, process and
process, which are usually the source of risk, may create,
how often and with what serious consequences they can
occur.
29
• An analyst performing a preliminary hazard analysis relies
on checklists that identify hazardous parts and situations.
These lists are arranged according to the technology used
and the need. The hazards identified in these lists are
then evaluated in the risk assessment form.
• This method is not designed to provide comprehensive
details. Preliminary hazard analysis is a qualitative risk
assessment analysis that can be prepared quickly and can
be used in the final design phase of the facility or as a
model for more detailed studies. It is formulated with
possible corrections and preventive measures for each
objectionable event or hazard.
• The result of this analysis determines what types of
hazards occur frequently and what analysis methods
should be applied.
 Job Safety Analysis
• It is an analysis method for possible occupational health
and safety risks after the definitions and descriptions of
the work done in the workplace are made.
• The difference from risk assessment studies based on
analyzes made on system, process, unit or work
equipment is that people are notified of the possible
dangers of the work to be given to them in advance.
• This method is a method that can be used by
experienced people who know or can predict the
characteristics and dangers of the work to be done very
well.
31
1. Selection of the work to be analyzed
2. Analysis of the selected work (Division into stages)
3. Determining whether there is a risk by analyzing each
stage one by one
4. Determine if there are any unnecessary steps that can
be eliminated.
5. Are the risks in the stages from the employee? From
the equipment? Determining the origin.
6. Elimination of employee risk.

32
7. Elimination of risks from equipment.
8. Reorganization of work.
9. Trial of the newly organized job.
10. Revision if necessary.
11. Follow-up of results.

33
 What if …? Method

• It is a method of predicting possible dangers and

documenting what might happen if this danger occurs.
• Although the method seems simple, it is an analysis
method that can be performed by highly experienced and
knowledgeable staff.
• It requires experience and knowledge to be able to predict
what events may happen in a process, unit, plant or
equipment.
• In the second stage, it is necessary to know correctly the
negative consequences of the event.
34
• After these two basic determinations are made,
countermeasures are determined, preventive job
descriptions are prepared, responsible people are
appointed and the work is completed.
• The general question “What If?” It starts with and is based
on the answers given to the questions. The possible
consequences of malfunctions are determined and
recommendations are defined for each situation by the
responsible persons.

35
 What if…? Sample Analysis

What if? What Precaution The person Time for

happens? appointed Precautions
1. If the water The water level of 1.At least two 1.Maintenance 1.It should be
level indicator of the boiler cannot water level and repair done
the boiler is be seen indicators department immediately
broken 2. Check both 2. Boiler man 2. Keeping a

• indicators every
Buhar
half hour Kazanı
record of the
earnings in the
earnings book,
specifying the
date and time.
2. If the water The boiler may There must be at Maintenance and It should be done
level drops, the explode least two safety repair immediately
boiler pressure valves department
rises. 3
6
What if? What Precaution The person Time for
happens? appointed Precautions
If the safety The boiler 1. At least two 1. Maintenance 1. Immediately
valve breaks, the explodes safety valves and repair 2. Immediately
boiler pressure 2. 2. Check 2. Maintenance 3. A record
exceeds the once a year and repair must be
permissible 3. The boiler department made in the
pressure should be 3. Boilerman boiler book,
stopped 4. Boilerman specifying
4. The the date and
manometer time.
should be
checked at
least every
half hour.

37
Risk Assessment Decision Matrix Method

• In this method, after the risks in terms of occupational

health and safety are determined, it is a method used to
determine the degree of importance of these risks.
• The essence of the system is the use of some parameters
in order to determine the degree of importance of the
risks and, if desired, to make a classification from
important to unimportant.
• It is the most used method in occupational health and
safety studies. It has some advantages over other
methods.

38
• Persons who will carry out risk analysis work with this
method should be experienced and knowledgeable,
choose the parameters correctly, and give the correct
numerical values to these parameters.
• Otherwise, scores that are incompatible with the current
risk and often misleading will result.

39
• It is a method used in the analysis of work
equipment, materials, human-machine relations
rather than risk assessment studies of systems
and processes.
• In the classical implementation, two parameters
are generally used.
• Possibility
• Magnitude
40
 Possibility

• It is the probability of realization of the detected danger

(the danger that may cause an accident or discomfort).
• Predicting what a possible danger is requires experience
and knowledge, while estimating the realization rate of
this danger requires the same experience and
knowledge.
• Otherwise, a high probability of realization may be
revealed with a danger that is not possible at all.

41
 Magnitude

• It is to give a numerical value by estimating the possible

bad result in case the detected danger occurs.
• In making this determination, knowledge and experience
are of great importance.
• Giving an incorrect numerical value can result in a low
score and make the severity of the risk seem insignificant.

42
 Classifying Probability and Magnitude
Parameters

Classification of Probability Parameter

• For the probability of realization of the identified risk, a

ranking is made from the lowest to the highest
probability.
• In general practice, probabilities fall into three or five
categories.

43
In triple categories;

• Low = 1
• Moderate= 2
• High = 3

44
 Defining the triple category

Low Very rare, less than once a year

Moderate Once a year

High More than once a year

45
In the category of five;

• Very low =1
• Low =2
• Maderate =3
• High =4
• Very high =5

46
 Defining the five categories

Very low Very very rare, none

Low Once a year or less

Moderate Once or twice a year
High Once every few months
Very high Once a month or more

47
 Magnitude

• Triple category;
• Minor =1
• Medium = 2
• Serious = 3
•

48
 Defining the triple category

Minor Minor injury

Medium Serious injury

Serious Amputation or death

49
In the category of five;

• Very minor =1
• Minor =2
• Medium =3
• Serious =4
• Very serious =5

50
 Defining the Five Categories
Very minor Minor injury, outpatient treatment

Minor Moderate injury, loss of working days

Medium Serious injury, loss of working days and

inpatient treatment

Serious Very serious injury, minör amputation

Very serious Major amputation, death 51

 Determination of Risk Score

• After the probability and severity parameters of the

identified risk are determined, when also the numerical
values given to these parameters are determined, two
multipliers are ready to reveal the risk score.

52
 Risk Score;

Risk (R) = Probability (P) x Magnitude (M)

53
• According to this formula, for example;

• If we have found and selected the triple-category for the

probability and magnitude of the analyzed risk;

-Set the probability of the event as 2

-If we have accepted the magnitude of the event as 3;
• In this case;
• Risk score = 2 x 3 = 6.
54
 Matrix by 3 x 3 category

Magnitude

Low (1) Medium (2) Serious (3)

Probability
Low (1) 1 2 3

Medium (2) 2 4 6

High (3) 3 6 9

55
• If we found the five category appropriate for the
probability and magnitude of the analyzed risk and chose
it;
• Set the probability of the event to 3
• If we have accepted the magnitude of the event as 5;
• In this case;
• Risk Score = 3 x 5 = 15.

56
In this case, we can refer to the L-Type Matrix table
for the identified risk and severity.

• We prepare the matrix table according to the 3 x 3

category and according to the 5 x 5 category.

57
 Magnitude

Very minör Minor (2) Medium (3) Serious (4) Very serious
(1) (5)
Very low (1) 1 2 3 4 5

Low (2) 2 4 6 8 10
Probability

Medium (3) 3 6 9 12 15

High (4) 4 8 12 16 20

Very high (5) 5 10 15 20 25

58
 RESULT ACTION
Intolerable Risks The identified risk has reached an acceptable level.
(25) work should not be started until it is lowered
If there is any activity, it should be stopped immediately.
Reducing the risk despite the activities performed
if not possible, the activity should be blocked.
Important Risks Work should not be started until the identified risk has been reduced
(15,16,20) immediately if there is ongoing activity
must be stopped. If the risk is related to the continuation of the
business
urgent action should be taken and as a result of these measures
the continuation of the activity should be decided.
Medium level Actions to reduce identified risks
Risks should be started. Risk reduction measures may take time.
(8,9,10,12)

Tolerable Additional control to eliminate identified risks

Risks processes may not be required. However, available
(2,3,4,5,6) controls should be maintained and
continued should be checked.
Minor Risks(1) Plan and implement control processes to eliminate the identified risks.
it may not be necessary to keep records of activities. 59
 İŞ SAĞLIĞI VE GÜVENLİĞİ RİSK ANALİZ TABLOSU

İşyeri

Adresi

Yapan
BETA İş Güv. ve Sağ. Tic. Ltd. Şti. (End. Müh. Erol Alkış – A Sınıfı İş Güvenliği Uzmanı)
Kuruluş/Kişi
Risk
Tedbir devam
Önerilen
No. T. Tarihi Tehlike Tanımı Etkilenecekler Risk Tanımı O Ş RS Alındı mı ? Ediyor
Tedbir
(E/H) mu?
(E/H)
Bölüm

60
 X Type Matrix Analysis
It is not suitable for an analyst to do it alone. It is a disciplined method that

requires teamwork. In matrix diagrams, it is necessary to define the factors and

parameters that have an impact on the hazard and to determine the

relationships between them. It examines the causes of an accident that has

occurred before and evaluates the possibility of the accident occurring again (a

5-year accident investigation is needed). For this reason, detailed data from

previous years is needed. In X-type matrix analysis, costs are also included in

the scope of the study. That is, it makes a comparison between the cost of the

measures to be taken to prevent the danger from arising and the cost of

transfer if the danger can be transferred. Additionally, one of its advantages is

61

that it allows the relationship between variables to be displayed graphically.

 Hazard and Operability Studies
HAZOP

• It is a widely used method in the chemical industry to

determine the unique risks of processes.
• It is aimed to identify possible risks by following the
ordinary and extraordinary values of some critical processes
and values that are important in chemical processes and
operations.

62
• Important for the system or series of chemical processes
in the process to determine what hazards may arise from
the beginning to the end of a baseline process or process;
data such as pressure, temperature, level, time, flow
rate, reaction (keywords); It is made into a table by
evaluating with definitions (guide words) such as less,
much, high, low, over, fast, very fast.

63
 Less Much Low High Slow Fast Very
fast
Pressure
Temperature
Level
Time
Flow rate
Reaction
Colour

64
65
• In case the results obtained through these evaluations
mark a dangerous situation or deviation, the actions to be
taken and emergency response plans are determined.

66
 (HACCP) HAZARD ANALYSIS AND
CRITICAL CHECK POINTS

• It is a method developed specifically for the food and

beverage industries.It takes into account many biological,
chemical, physical and mechanical hazards.Critical
control points are determined in order to eliminate or
reduce the mentioned dangers.It also determines
acceptable and unacceptable danger limits.

67
 Fault Tree Analysis Method

• This method is a widely used method. It can be used for

chemical processes, continuous systems, hazardous work
equipment, ovens, furnaces, pressure vessels and similar
hazardous production tools.
• During the operation of a system and process, both
system and human errors are detected.

68
• It is investigated whether these faults alone have the
characteristics of causing the accident. An error that does
not have the feature of causing an accident on its own is
examined with which error or errors can cause an
accident. In this way, fault tree diagram emerges when
faults that come together or one after another are placed
like branches of a tree.

69
• While constructing the error tree, logical relations and
connections of the errors are created by using some
standard symbols.
• The standard symbols used in the error tree analysis
method are listed below.

70
Case Meaning
Case that occurs by a combination of simpler events,
elements, or factors with gate logic
Rectangular

Main event (initiating event)

This symbol is used for the problem in the primary
situation.
Circle
Mandatory event connected with logic gate

Ellipse
connection symbol

Triangle
Only if all input events below the
symbol occur, the main event above
6.11.2024
«And» Gate
occurs. 11:07:47 71
 In case one or more of the input events
under the symbol occur, the event
mentioned above occurs.
«or» gate
If at least M out of N input events occur,
the initial event occurs

Combination

Defines a recent event of uncertain

cause and uncertainty

Diamond

Indicates that no further progress is

needed in this part of the analysis

Narrow circle
6.11.2024
11:07:47 72
 Example

• On the floor of a warehouse in the form of a semi-open

porch belonging to the workplace, there is an electrical
cable whose uninsulated has been broken and bandaged.
Also, covered roof of the porch leaks when it rains.

73
74
 Generating the fault tree
Elektric shock

Stepping on wet ground

with leakage electric Touching on wet ground with
current leakage electric current

Touching with Stepping on

Leaking roof hand

Uninsul
ated
cable 75
 Example problem

• The workplace is a dental laboratory, and the worker

working on the sandblasting machine caught an
occupational disease (Pnomoconiosis) after a while.

76
 Generating the fault tree
occupational
disease
Pnomoconiosis

Employee did not

use mask

No Training and
Control

Gaskets have not No Proper No mask Mask Given

been replaced Aspiration provided

The seals of the

machine are
leaking dust

Powder leak
in
sandblasting
machine 77
 FMEA (Failure Mode And Effects
Analysis)
• It is one of the most widely used methods. The basis of
the method; Considering the whole or parts of any
system; It is the analysis of how both the sections and the
entire system may be affected by malfunctions that may
occur in the parts, tools and components and the
consequences that may arise.
• In this method; By identifying errors that manifest
themselves as inadequacies in the system, process or
processes, and analyzing the consequences of these
errors, the risks that arise are prioritized.
• It is used successfully to detect and evaluate errors
caused by inadequacy in systems, processes and design
78
stages.
• It is used in the USA by the Department of Defense (DoD),
Space Research (NASA), Department of Energy (DoE) and the
private sector.
• It is the most widely used and reliable method, especially in
the automotive industry.
• The whole or parts of any system are considered and how
both the parts and the whole system may be affected by
malfunctions that may occur in the parts, tools and
components are analyzed.
• It is a method based on the parts of a system.
• The system to be analyzed must be determined very well.
• The level of analysis results depends on the analyst's good
understanding and correct evaluation of the system.
• The damage that the accident may cause can be determined
in numbers.
79
• Failure Mode and Impact Analysis consists of nine basic stages:
1. FMEA planning to set FMEA goals and levels.
2. Define specific procedures, ground rules and criteria for performing
FMEA.
3. Analysis of the system according to functions, areas of interaction,
stages of activity, types of activities and environment.
4. Creation and analysis of fault tree diagrams, duty and reliability
diagrams to illustrate processes, interconnections and dependencies.
5. Identification of potential error types.
6. Evaluation and classification of failure modes and their effects.
7. Identification of measures to prevent and control errors.
8. Evaluation of the effects of the proposed measures.
9. Documentation of results.
 Finding the Risk Priority Score

• After the risks in the system, process or processes are

determined by finding the errors and analyzing their possible
consequences, their “Risk Priority Score” should be found.

81
• Three key factors must be identified to
determine this score.

• Probablity
• Magnitude
• Noticeability

82
 Risk Priority Score = Probability x Magnitude x Noticeability

RPS = P x M x N
• The meanings of probability and magnitude from the
three multipliers used in determining the risk priority
score are the same as in the risk analysis methods
discussed earlier.
• The detectability factor is the numerical classification
of the probability that the error or damage can be
noticed or predicted beforehand.

83
84
85
86
Hazard and risk analysis should basically be done by the
business management. Two situations play a role in the
choice of method;
• A) Resource: Personnel, time, presence of a team leader
who knows the method well, etc.
• B) Purpose and target: The type of industry/facility to be
analyzed (chemical, automotive, etc.), the purpose for
which the results will be used, the depth and scope of the
analysis, whether the facility/process to be analyzed is
simple or complex, etc.

87
• CHECK LISTS: Determines whether all the equipment
and tools of a facility or process are complete or
functioning perfectly. It is carried out in two steps; With
the specific questions in the check lists, the deficiencies
of the analyzed facility are determined, and the necessary
corrections are recommended with the precautions
catalogue.

88
İSG Mevzuatında Risk
Değerlendirmesi

89
• 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu. Madde 78 – (Değişik: 15/5/2008-5763/3 md.)
Bu Kanuna tabi işyerlerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği şartlarının belirlenmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin
alınması, işyerlerinde kullanılan araç, gereç, makine ve hammaddeler yüzünden çıkabilecek iş
kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve özel durumları sebebiyle korunması gereken kişilerin
çalışma şartlarının düzenlenmesi, ayrıca iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatına uygunluğu yönünden; işçi
sayısı, işin ve işyerinin özellikleri ile tehlikesi dikkate alınarak işletme belgesi alması gereken işyerleri
ile belgelendirilmesi gereken işler veya ürünler ve bu belge veya belgelerin alınmasına ilişkin usul ve
iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili konularda yapılacak risk
esaslar,

değerlendirmesi, kontrol, ölçüm, inceleme ve

araştırmaların usul ve esasları ile bunları yapacak kişi ve
kuruluşların niteliklerinin belirlenmesi, gerekli iznin
verilmesi ve verilen iznin iptal edilmesi Sağlık Bakanlığının
görüşü alınarak Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığınca
çıkarılacak yönetmeliklerle belirlenir.
90
 Risk Değerlendirme Ekibi
• Risk değerlendirmesinin işveren ve tarafınca oluşturulan risk ekibi
üyelerince yapılması gerekmektedir. Risk değerlendirmesi işverenin
oluşturduğu bir ekip tarafından yapılır. Bu ekipte Risk Değerlendirme
yönetmeliğine göre;
a) İşveren veya işveren vekili.
b) İşyerinde sağlık ve güvenlik hizmetini yürüten iş güvenliği uzmanları ile
işyeri hekimleri.
c) İşyerindeki çalışan temsilcileri.
ç) İşyerindeki destek elemanları.
d) İşyerindeki bütün birimleri temsil edecek şekilde belirlenen ve işyerinde
yürütülen çalışmalar, mevcut veya muhtemel tehlike kaynakları ile riskler
konusunda bilgi sahibi çalışanlar ” bulunmalıdır.
91
 Biyolojik Etkenlere Maruziyet
Risklerinin Önlenmesi Hakkında
Yönetmelik

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• Risklerin Belirlenmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi
• Madde 5 – Risklerin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi aşağıda belirtilen hususlara göre yapılır;
• a) Biyolojik etkenlere maruz kalma riski bulunan herhangi bir çalışmada, işçinin sağlık ve
güvenliğine yönelik herhangi bir riski değerlendirmek ve alınması gereken önlemleri belirlemek
için, işçinin maruziyetinin türü, düzeyi ve süresi belirlenir.
• Birden fazla grupta yer alan biyolojik etkenlere maruziyetin söz konusu olduğu işlerde risk
değerlendirmesi, zararlı biyolojik etkenlerin tümünün oluşturduğu tehlike dikkate alınarak
yapılır.
• Risk değerlendirmesi, düzenli aralıklarla ve işçinin biyolojik etkenlere maruziyet koşullarını
etkileyebilecek herhangi bir değişiklik olduğunda yenilenir.
• İşveren, risk değerlendirmesinde kullanılan bilgileri, istendiğinde Bakanlığa vermekle
yükümlüdür.
• b) Bu maddenin (a) bendinde sözü edilen risk değerlendirmesi, aşağıdakileri de kapsayan tüm
bilgiler dikkate alınarak yapılır;
• 1) İnsan sağlığına zararlı olan veya olabilecek biyolojik etkenlerin sınıflandırılması,
• 2) Yetkili makamların, işçilerin sağlığını korumak için biyolojik etkenlerin denetim altına alınması
hakkındaki önerileri,
• 3) İşçilerin işlerinin sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabilecek hastalıklarla ilgili bilgiler,
• 4) İşçilerin işlerinin sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabilecek alerjik veya toksik etkiler,
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5) Yaptıkları işle doğrudan bağlantılı olarak işçilerin yakalandığı hastalıkla ilgili bilgiler.
• Risk Değerlendirmesine Göre Yönetmelik Maddelerinin
Uygulanması
• Madde 6 – İşyerinde yapılan risk değerlendirmesi sonucunda:
• a) Maruz kalınan ve/veya kalınabilecek etken, işçiler için
tanımlanabilir sağlık riski oluşturmayan Grup 1 biyolojik etkenler
sınıfında ise, bu Yönetmeliğin 7 nci maddesinden 18 inci maddesine
kadar olan maddeleri uygulanmaz. Ancak, bu durumda Ek–VI nın
birinci paragrafında belirtilen hususlara uyulur.
• b) Biyolojik etkenle doğrudan çalışılmayan veya biyolojik etkenin
kullanılmadığı ancak, işçilerin biyolojik etkene maruziyetine neden
olabilecek Ek–I de yer alan işlerde, risk değerlendirmesinde gereksiz
olduğu belirtilmedikçe, bu Yönetmeliğin 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 ve 16
ncı maddeleri uygulanır.

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Kimyasal Maddelerle Çalışmalarda
Sağlık ve Güvenlik Önlemleri
Hakkında Yönetmelik
• Risk Değerlendirmesi
• Madde 6 — İşveren, işyerinde tehlikeli kimyasal madde bulunup bulunmadığını tespit etmek
ve tehlikeli kimyasal madde bulunması halinde, işçilerin sağlık ve güvenliği yönünden
olumsuz etkilerini belirlemek üzere, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetmeliği’nin 6 ncı maddesinin
(c) bendi ile 9 uncu maddesinin (a) bendine uygun şekilde, risk değerlendirmesi yapmakla
yükümlüdür.
• Risk değerlendirmesi yapılarak, bu Yönetmelikte belirtilen önlemler alınmadan tehlikeli
kimyasal maddelerle çalışılması yasaktır.
• a) Risk değerlendirmesi, aşağıda belirtilen hususlar dikkate alınarak yapılır;
• 1) Kimyasal maddenin sağlık ve güvenlik yönünden tehlike ve zararları,
• 2) İmalatçı, ithalatçı veya satıcılardan sağlanacak malzeme güvenlik bilgi formu,
• 3) Maruziyetin türü, düzeyi ve süresi,
• 4) Kimyasal maddenin miktarı, kullanma şartları ve kullanım sıklığı,
• 5) Bu Yönetmelik eklerinde verilen mesleki maruziyet sınır değerleri ve biyolojik sınır
değerleri,
• 6) Alınan ya da alınması gereken önleyici tedbirlerin etkisi,
• 7) Varsa, daha önce yapılmış olan sağlık gözetimlerinin sonuçları.
• İşveren, tedarikçiden veya diğer kaynaklardan risk değerlendirmesi için gerekli olan ek
bilgileri sağlar. Bu bilgiler, kullanıcılara yönelik olarak, varsa kimyasal maddelerin yürürlükteki
mevzuatta yer alan özel risk değerlendirmelerini de içermelidir.
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• b) İşveren, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetmeliği’nin 9 uncu maddesine uygun
şekilde risk değerlendirmesi yapmak ve bu Yönetmeliğin 7 nci ve 8 inci
maddelerinde belirtilen önlemlerden hangilerinin alınmış olduğunu belirlemekle
yükümlüdür. Risk değerlendirmesi yazılı belge haline getirilerek, istenildiğinde
yetkili kişilere gösterilmek üzere işyerinde bulundurulacaktır.
• c) Risk değerlendirmesi aşağıdaki hallerde yenilenecektir;
• 1) Risk değerlendirmesinde belirlenen sürelerde,
• 2) Çalışma koşullarında önemli bir değişiklik olduğunda,
• 3) Ortam ölçümleri ve sağlık gözetimlerinin sonuçlarına göre gerektiğinde,
• 4) Kimyasal maddeler nedeni ile herhangi bir kaza olduğunda,
• 5) En az beş yılda bir defa.
• d) Risk değerlendirmesi, tamir ve bakım işleri de dahil olmak üzere kimyasal
maddelerle çalışılan tüm işleri kapsayacaktır.
• e) Birden fazla kimyasal madde ile çalışılan işlerde, bu maddelerin her biri ve
birbirleri ile etkileşimleri dikkate alınarak risk değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.
• f) Tehlikeli kimyasal maddeler içeren yeni bir faaliyete ancak risk
değerlendirilmesi yapılarak belirlenen her türlü önlem alındıktan sonra
başlanacaktır. 97