RISK ASSESSMENT APPLICATION

 Identify hazards
and risk factors
that have the
potential to cause
harm (hazard
identification).
Risk assessment is
a term used to  Analyze and
describe the evaluate the risk
What is a risk overall process or associated with
assessment? method where
that hazard (risk
analysis, and risk
you: evaluation).
 Determine
appropriate ways
to eliminate the
hazard, or control
the risk when the
hazard cannot be
eliminated (risk
control).
 Risk assessments are very important as they
form an integral part of an occupational
health and safety management plan. They
help to:

Why is risk
assessment
Create awareness of hazards and risk.

important? Identify who may be at risk (e.g., employees,

cleaners, visitors, contractors, the public, etc.).

Determine whether a control program is

required for a particular hazard.
Why is risk assessment
important?
 Determine if existing control
measures are adequate or if
more should be done.
 Prevent injuries or illnesses,
especially when done at the
design or planning stage.
 Prioritize hazards and control
measures.
 Meet legal requirements
where applicable.
  The aim of the risk assessment process is to
evaluate hazards, then remove that
hazard or minimize the level of its risk by
adding control measures, as necessary. By
doing so, you have created a safer and
healthier workplace.
What is the  The goal is to try to answer the following
goal of risk questions:
 What can happen and under what
assessment? circumstances?
 What are the possible consequences?
 How likely are the possible consequences
to occur?
 Is the risk controlled effectively, or is further
action required?
How do you plan for a
risk assessment?
 In general, determine:

 What the scope of your risk

assessment will be (e.g., be specific
about what you are assessing such as
the lifetime of the product, the
physical area where the work activity
takes place, or the types of hazards).

 The resources needed (e.g., train a

team of individuals to carry out the
assessment, the types of information
sources, etc.).
How do you plan for a
risk assessment?
 What type of risk analysis measures will be
used (e.g., how exact the scale or
parameters need to be in order to provide
the most relevant evaluation).
 Who are the stakeholders involved (e.g.,
manager, supervisors, workers, worker
representatives, suppliers, etc.).
 What relevant laws, regulations, codes, or
standards may apply in your jurisdiction, as
well as organizational policies and
procedures.
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AN OFFICE BASED
BUSINESS
Risk Matrix?
  STEP 1 – IS THERE A FUEL PRESENT?
RISK  Unless there are no materials that are

ASSESSMENT combustible, the answer to the step 1

question will be “yes” and it will be

STEPS necessary to proceed to step 2.

 STEP 2 – CAN THE FUEL BE ELIMINATED?
 If it is not possible to eliminate the fuel,
then consideration should be given to
reducing the inventory of the fuel.
Reducing the inventory will minimise
the risk.
 STEP 3 – IS THERE A STEP 5 – MINIMISE SOURCES
DISPERSION MECHANISM? OF IGNITION
 Electrical equipment
 Refining the process
 Non-electrical (mechanical)
equipment
 STEP 4 – CARRY OUT A  Static electricity
HAZARDOUS AREA  Exothermic reactions and self
CLASSIFICATION heating of dusts

 Zone Sizing
STEP 6 – ASSESS EXPLOSION
 Impact of Ventilation SEVERITY/CONSEQUENCES
 System inventory
 Equipment connectivity
 STEP 7 – IF NECESSARY, REDUCE RISK USING SIMPLE MEASURES
 The following simple measures can be used to reduce the residual risk.
 Reduce the inventory of fuel.
 Eliminate or reduce dispersion mechanisms.
 Increase process containment to prevent dust being released outside the
equipment.
 Provide ventilation – local extract or general.
 Ensure good housekeeping via rapid cleanup.
 STEP 8 – IS RESIDUAL RISK ACCEPTABLE?
 Ignition protection level
 STEP 9 – CAN THE OXIDANT BE EXCLUDED?

 STEP 10 – PROVIDE SYSTEM TO EXCLUDE OXIDANT

 STEP 11 - MITIGATE CONSEQUENCES

 If it is not possible to exclude the oxidant, to mitigate the consequences should
be provided.
 These steps will help to identify the potential areas of risk in explosive
atmospheres, and ultimately reduce them.
20 Definitions
Hazard Potential source of harm

Risk Probability of the occurrence of harm and the severity of that

harm
Risk Analysis Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and
estimate risk.
Risk Evaluation Based on the risk analysis, a judgment of whether a risk is
acceptable based on societal values.

Risk Assessment Process of completing risk analysis and risk evaluation.

Risk Control Process through which decisions are reached and protective
measures are implemented for reducing or maintaining risks
within specified levels.

Residual Risk Risk remaining after protective measures have been taken.

Risk Management Systematic application of management policies, procedures,

and practices toward analyzing, evaluating, and controlling
risk.
 Risk Assessment: Elements

1. Hazard identification

2. Hazard characterisation

3. Risk characterisation
 PROCESS OF HAZARDS
MANAGEMENT
Step 1: Identification
Step 2: Risk Assessment
Step 3: Controls
1. Eliminate 2. Isolate 3. Minimize
Step 4: Monitor and Review
 RISK MANAGEMENT METHODS
AND TOOLS
• Basic risk management facilitation methods (flowcharts,
check sheets etc.)
• Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)
• Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)
• Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
• Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
• Hazard Operability Analysis (HAZOP)
• Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
• Risk ranking and filtering
• Supporting statistical tools.
 FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCIDENT PREVENTIONS
Three essential ingredients in any Organization.
 MAN,
 MACHINE
 MATERIAL
This form is three angle of a triangle with
management at center to control them.
It is essential that this triangle is an equilateral
triangle, maintaining the essential equilibrium.
Hazard Identification;
Consisting of the determination of
substances of concern, the adverse
effects they may have inherently on
target systems under certain
conditions of exposure, taking into
account toxicity data and knowledge of
effects on human health.
Hazard Characterisation
Evaluation of adverse health effect

Dose- response and

dose-effect
relationships, and their
respective attendant
uncertainties
hazard assessment: process
designed to determine factors
contributing to the possible
adverse effects of a substance
to which a human population
could be exposed. The process
includes three steps:
hazard identification, hazard
characterization, and
hazard evaluation. Note:
Factors may include
mechanisms of toxicity, dose-
effect and dose-response
relationships, variations in
target susceptibility,
Hazard Characterisation Outputs
1. Shape of the dose-response curve

2. Identification of thresholds of
toxicity

3. Determine appropriate safety

factors

4. Establish reference health

standards, if possible
 Exposure Assessment
An exposure assessment for a
particular chemical is based on:

1. The amount of the chemical in food

2. The level of food consumption

 Risk Characterisation
Integration of the information from
exposure assessment and hazard
characterisation into advice suitable
for use in risk management

Hazard
characterisation
Advice to risk managers
+
Exposure assessment
Risk Characterisation Outcomes

♣ Estimation of risk

♣ Identification of at-risk (sensitive)

populations

♣ Uncertainties in the assessment

When is it necessary to review a
risk characterisation?

•New data on nature of the material in

food
•New data on hazard identification
•New data on exposure
•Increased or altered pattern of use
Risks arising from the presence of hazardous chemical
agents
Risks Risk Factors
Risks due to hazardous chemical -Chemical reactivity and instability of hazardous
reactions chemical agents
-Unreliable system for controlling key variables
in the reaction
Risks of fire and/or explosion -Physical state
-Pressure/temperature
-Flammability of the hazardous chemical agents
-Sources of ignition
Risks due to inhalation of the -Toxicity of the hazardous chemical agent
agent/absorption through the skin -Exposure time
of the agent -Particularly sensitive workers
Risks due to ingestion -Personel hygiene habits
- Possibility of eating, drinking or smokin at work
Risks due to contact between the - Incorrect use of personel protective equipment
skin or eyes and the chemical - Inappropriate work procedure
agents
 Risk Assessment Methods
Methods for assessing the risks due to the presence of hazardous
chemical agents in the workplace

Simplified assessments Complex assessments

Risk Due to Simplified Methodology for Measurements

Exposure Assessing the Risk Due to the according to EN 689:
Exposure to Hazardous 1995
Chemical Agents

Risk of Accident Simplified Methodology for - HAZOP etc.

Assessing the Risk of Accident,
Fire and Explosion Due to the
Presence of Hazardous
Chemical Agents
 Risk Assessments for Chemicals
Identification of Chemical Agents

Hazard Working Conditions

Risk Assessments
(Simplified)

Risk Assessments
(Detailed)

Preventive measures : priorisation-planification -implementation

Review
 Assessment of the risk of
exposure by inhalation

Hazard Risk Exposure

• Chem. properties
Concentration Time
• Toxicol. properties
• volatility or • duration
• Physical form
dustiness • frequency
- label
• form of use
- MSDS
• quantity used
- Limit Value
• control measures
- others
 Aligning Risk Management Tools
37
Risk Analysis
Preliminary Hazard
• Intended Purpose Identification
Analysis
• Hazard Identification
Fault Tree Analysis
• Risk Estimation
Functional Analysis
Risk
Assessment
Risk Evaluation
Tolerability of Risk
• Risk Acceptability Decision
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Socio/Ethical Analysis
Risk
Management
Risk Control
• Options analysis FMECA
• Implementation HACCP
• Residual Risk Evaluation HAZOP
• Overall Risk Acceptance PAT

Post-production Information
• Post-production experience Six Sigma
• Systemic Procedures SPC
• Identification of new Hazards CAPA
• Change Control & Feedback Loop Complaint Mgmt.
 RISK ANALYSIS METHODS
DECISION MAKING IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF RISK
AND UNCERTAINTY

a)Maximum expected value criterion

b)Effective strategies and indifference curves
criterion
c)maximum probability criterion
d)ambition level criterion

MODERN BENEFIT APPROACH

a)risk-escaping decision maker
b)decision maker at risk
c)indifferent decision maker against risk
 Advantages of Risk Analysis
1. It provides a systematic and logical approach to
decision making.
2. Enables a detailed analysis of options for complex
decision problems.
3. It allows the decision maker to face risk and
uncertainty in a realistic manner.
4. It allows decision makers to determine how much
information is collected for a decision issue.
 Disadvantages of Risk Analysis

1. High cost. This can be leaded to loss of time and money.

2. It takes long time. Therefore, security measures may be
delayed.
3. Sometimes there may be difficulties in obtaining probability
calculations