CONTEMPORARY WORLD

BSA 1/ 2ND SEMESTER S.Y. 2024-2025

ART APPRECIATION MEANING .  Art is not Nature

 Art involves Experience
THE IMPORTANCE OF ART
 ART has touched everyone.
 ART is all around us, being universal as it can be found in all Functions of Art
cultures.
 ART has a particular importance in our lives. 1. Personal Function
 ALL the art that we receive through our senses have a purpose, - It is used to provide comfort, happiness, and convenience to
as well as expression; they occupy some place in our judgment. human beings. The artist tries to express his personal feelings
through the artwork.
These days, art plays a vital part in developing the intellect of the younger
generation to build up a positive character and appreciate natural 2. Social Function
aesthetics. - Art is used for public display and celebration; it is used to affect
In this period of advanced know-how and modernization, art is of vital collective behavior. It bridges connection among people. Art
magnitude. We fight back to stabilize our lives while trying to maintain the conveys a sense of family, community, or civilization.
swiftness of the frenzied pace of living.
3. Cultural Function
MEANING OF ART - Art helps preserve, share, and transmit culture from one
- The word “art” is rooted in the 13th century French word art, which generation to another.
means skill as a result of learning or practice, and the Latin word
ars, meaning ability or practical skills. 4. Aesthetic Function
- Art becomes influential for man to be aware of the beauty of
- The word art covers many meanings, including ability, process, nature. Aesthetic appreciation is when there is a real feeling of
and product. appreciation for nature’s beauty, which is manifested through
enjoyment when in contact with artwork.
As ability - Art is the human capacity to make things of beauty and things
that stir us; it is creativity. 5. Spiritual Function
- An artist may create a work of art to reinforce the religious or
As process - Art encompasses acts, such as drawing, painting, sculpting, spiritual support of a culture.
designing buildings, singing, dancing, and using the camera to create
images or memorable works.

As product - Art is the completed work—an etching, a sculpture, a BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ART
structure, a musical composition, choreography, or a tapestry.
1. Art as Mimesis (Plato)
- According to him, art is an imitation of the real that was an
 Art concerns itself with the communication of certain ideas and imitation of the ideal. Art is an imitation of an imitation.
feelings by means of sensuous medium—color, sound, bronze,
body, words, and film. This medium is fashioned into symbolic 2. Art as Representation (Aristotle)
language marked by beauty of design and coherence of form. It - According to him, the aim of art is not to represent the outward
appeals to our mind, arouses our emotions, kindles our appearance of things but their inward significance.
imagination, and enchants our senses (Machlis, 1963).
3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant)
Quotes on Art - Art has its own reason for being. It implies that an art object is
best understood as an autonomous creation to be valued only for
According to Plato, its success in organizing color and line into a formally satisfying
“Art is that which brings life in harmony with beauty of the world.” and beautiful whole.

For John Dewey, 4. Art as an Escape

“Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind—one that demands for its - The ceremony of doing or creating art touches the deepest realms
satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and more significant of the mind and the sacred dimension of the artistic creative
form.” process. The sacred level of art not only transforms something
into art but also transforms the artist at the very core of his or her
For Oscar Wilde, being.
“Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known.”
5. Art as Functional
For Elbert Hubbard, - Art serves as a function. Art is meant to be used, to enrich lives,
“Art is not a thing – it is a way.” to be spiritually potent, to educate, to support or protest existing
power structures, to entertain, and so on.

Four (4) Common Essentials of Art

1. Art has to be man-made.

2. Art must be creative, not imitative.
3. Art must benefit and satisfy man.
4. Art is expressed through a certain medium or material by which
the artist communicates himself to his audiences. CATEGORIES/ CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS .

CATEGORIES / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART

THE ASSUMPTIONS OF ART
 There are principles and bases of appreciating a work of art since 1. VISUAL ARTS (2D, 3D)
it is in art that man can communicate one’s individuality and way
of life. A. Painting – It is application of pigment (color) on any flat
two-dimensional surfaces.
 Art is Universal

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 B. Sculpture – It is the carving, modelling, casting,
constructing, and assembling of materials and objects
into primarily three-dimensional works of art. Introduction
 The chapter covers the subject of art, which is as dynamic and
C. Architecture – It is the art and science of planning, forceful as man’s way of life, culture, and imagination. The subject
designing, and constructing buildings and non building and content of art never comes to an end and is never fully worn
structures for human shelter or use (3D). out and exhausted. The clearness and simplicity of the subject is
vital since the content of the artwork is the soul of every artistic
creation or masterpiece. The subject presented discloses the
2. PERFORMING / COMBINED ARTS passion, sincerity, and conviction of every artist and serves as an
extension of his emotions, ideas, or beliefs.
A. Music – is an art form and cultural activity whose
medium is sound organized in time. THE SUBJECT OF ART
 The subject of art is the matter to be described or to be portrayed
B. Dance – is the movement of the body in a rhythmic by the artist. The subject of art is varied. This may refer to any
way, usually to music and within a given space for the person, subject, scene, or event. In general, the subject of an
purpose of expressing an idea or emotion artwork is anything under the sun.
 The subject could be make-believe, imaginary, and invented, like
C. Film – also called movie or motion picture, is a series Cerberus (a three-headed dog) or Dyesebel (a popular mermaid
of still images that when shown on a screen creates an character made for film and television).
illusion of moving images.  Subject can also be real events, like the devastations brought
about by super typhoons entering the Philippines or catastrophic
D. Theater – is a collaborative form of art that uses live tsunamis hitting many Asian countries.
performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the
experience of a real or imagined event before a live TWO KINDS OF ART AS TO SUBJECT
audience in a specific place, often a stage.
1. Representational or Objective Art
E. Literary – is concentrating on the writing, study, or  They are those arts that depict (represent) objects that are
content of literature, especially of the kind valued for commonly recognized by most people.
quality of form.  They attempt to copy, even if in a subjective manner, something
that is real. They use “form” and are concerned with “what” is to
F. Performance Poetry – is a poetry specifically be depicted in the art work.
composed for or during a performance before an  They attempt to portray the subject as it is. The artists would try to
audience rather than on print, mostly open be as objective as possible.
improvisation.
Maria van Oosterwijk. Vanitas Still-Life (1668)
Oil on canvas 73x88cm Kunsthistorisches. Vienna
3. DIGITAL ART
- It is the art that is made with the assistance of electronic devices, Examples:
or intended to be displayed on a computer, which is the most a. Still Life – a work of art depicting mostly inanimate
important element in digital art. subject matter, typically commonplace objects, which
may be either natural (food, flowers, plants, rocks, or
4. APPLIED ARTS shells) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases,
- Are the application of design and decoration to everyday objects jewelry, coins, pipes, and so on) in an artificial setting.
to make them aesthetically pleasing:
b. Portrait – a painting, photograph, figure, or any other
A. Fashion Design – is the art of applying aesthetics and art form in which the face and its expression is
natural beauty to clothing and its accessories. predominant. The purpose may be to show the
resemblance, personality, or disposition of the
B. Furniture Design – is a specialized field where individual.
function and fashion collide.

C. Interior Design – is enhancing the interior of a building c. Landscapes, Seascapes, Moonscapes, Cityscapes
to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing
environment for the people using the space. d. Mythology and Religion, Dreams and Fantasies

D. Graphic Design – is an artistic process of effective

communication. Designers combine words, images, 2. Non-Representational or Non-Objective Art
and symbols to create a visual representation of ideas.  They are those arts without any reference to anything outside
itself (without representation).
 This kind of art is non-objective because it has no recognizable
objects. It is abstract in the sense that it does not represent real
objects in our world.

SOURCES OF THE SUBJECT ART

SUBJECT AND CONTENT OF ARTS .
1. Nature – It has been the most common inspiration and subject.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Classify artworks according to subject; 2. History – All art is conditioned by the historical period in which it is
2. Analyze how artists present their subjects in relation to the real created.
subject;
3. Differentiate content from subject; and 3. Greek and Roman Mythology – This has been a very important
4. Characterize sources and kinds of subjects. source of subject in the arts.

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 4. Religion – It has played an enormous role in inspiring works of Iligan City Museum
visual arts, music, architecture, and literature through the ages.

5. Sacred Oriental Texts – sacred texts of Hinduism, Buddhism, PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION
Taoism, Confucianism, Zoroastrianism, Jainism, and Islam.  Because art is valuable, enormous human effort and financial
resources are devoted to preserving art from the ravages of time,
the environment, industrial by-products, and even any other
human being.
THE CONTENT OF ART
 The content of art is the meaning, message, and/or feelings
imparted by a work of art. This is not the same thing as the
subject matter the work depicts.
 Content is inextricably linked with form, which refers to the
pictorial aspects of art. It is the mass of ideas associated with
each artwork and communicated through the following: ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
1. The Art’s Imagery INTRODUCTION
2. The Symbolic Meaning  This chapter focuses on the most important element and creator
3. Its Surroundings where it is used or displayed in any work of art, which is the artist or the artisan. The artists’ or
4. The Customs, Beliefs, and Values of the Culture that uses it artisans’ medium, technique, and process in their arts stem from
5. Writings that help explain the work their urge to create, which is universal and widespread.
 Artists and artisans are driven by their sense of wonder and
In an artwork, the subject matter of an artwork is what the image literally curiosity. The stages in the creative process would reflect the
depicts. For example, the subject matter of Magritte’s painting is a pipe. notable works from the different artists and artisans who were
given the highest recognition from our country.
The content of the work is what the image means. This may be far more
complicated than the subject matter. The content of Rene Magritte’s ARTIST
painting invites us to think critically about all the representations that we see  The word “Artist” is generally defined as an art practitioner, such
all around us in daily life. as a painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, writer, poet,
musician, and the like, who produces or creates indirectly
functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. Thus,
Artist: Rene Magritte artists provide us with paintings, sculptures, dances, music,
Location: Los Angeles County Museum literary pieces, and so on, as a means of provoking our thoughts,
Period: Surrealism ideas, and emotions that are necessary to discover ourselves and
Created: 1928 -1929 our being.
Medium: Oil Paint
Support: Canvas  Artists are creative individuals who use their imagination and skills
to communicate in an art form. They use the materials of art to
THREE LEVELS MEANING OF ART solve visual problems. Artists look to many sources for inspiration.
Some look forward to their natural and cultural environment for
1. Factual Meaning – the literal statement or narrative content in ideas, while others look within themselves for creative motivation.
the work that can be directly apprehended because the objects
presented are easily recognized.  Artists exhibit the courage to take risks. They are able to see their
surroundings in new and unusual ways. They are willing to work
2. Conventional Meaning – refers to the special meaning that a intensely for long periods of time to achieve their goals. Some
certain object or color has for a particular culture or group of artists are self-taught and have been called folk artists because
people when it is shown in an art. they are not educated in traditional artistic methods. Just like the
artists, the artisans learn skills and techniques from some other
3. Subjective Meaning – refers to the individual meaning artists, but eventually, both artists and artisans develop their own
deliberately and instinctively expressed by the artist using a unique styles.
personal symbolism that stems from his own alliance with certain
objects, actions, or colors with past experiences. ARTISAN
 An artisan is a craftsman, such as a carpenter, carver, plumber,
blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like, who produces
KEEPING ART directly functional and/or decorative arts. Artisans help us in
 A country, society, and individual may hold on to an artwork often meeting our basic needs, such as food, clothing, dwelling,
beyond its usefulness, which may involve various considerations, furniture, and kitchen utensils; they craft everything that makes
including its meaning and its economic value. Public and private our life easy. The artisan’s works are useful, relevant, and
institutions, like museums and galleries, are also designed for essential in our everyday life. They serve us for a long time,
keeping art, and issues around preserving or restoring it. supplying us with directly functional arts.
NATIONAL PRIDE AND GLORY  The artisan is basically a physical worker who makes objects with
his or her hands and has the ability to produce things of great
 San Agustin Church built from 1568 – 1607, which was declared a beauty as well as usefulness. The artist, on the other hand, is
WORLD HERITAGE SITE BY UNESCO, or the Spoliarium by someone devoted only to the creative part, making visually
Juan Luna. pleasant work only for the gratification and appreciation of the
 In addition, a nation keeps art because it is good for the economy viewer but with no practical value.
and for business. The presence of the major archaeological,
religious, or architectural sites stimulates the entire economy, KEY COMPONENTS OF THE ART MARKET
attracts tourists, and generates thousands of local jobs.
The art market is an economic ecosystem that relies not only on supply and
MUSEUMS AND PRIVATE COLLECTIONS demand but also on the fabrication of a work’s predicted future monetary
and/or cultural value. The art market can appear somewhat unclear since
National Museum

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artists do not make art with the sole intention of selling it, and buyers often - It is the initial moment when you conceive a new project in your
have no idea of the value of their purchase. life. It is a moment with a lot of energy coming out of the future
your envision. It is a powerful time you will have to use wisely for
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE IMPORTANT PLAYERS IN THE ART providing the right steps to move forward. In the germination
MARKET: stage, you are planting the seeds of your creation.

1. CURATOR - The most important and difficult this in stage is choosing. You
 A curator, who is a manager or overseer, and usually a curator or need to be more specific about what you want to do. You have to
keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e.g. gallery, museum, give to your vision a first shape, from which you decide your next
library, or archive), is a content specialist charged with an steps. Being more specific means choosing some things and
institution’s collections, selecting art to be displayed in a museum, leaving some other things out.
organizing art exhibitions in galleries or public places, researching
artists, and writing catalogs, and involved with the interpretation of 2.ASSIMILATION
heritage. - It is a crucial step in the creative process. During this phase you will
 To be successful, a curator should be organized, passionate, internalize and assimilate or incorporate the idea you want to create. Plan,
knowledgeable, adept at multi-tasking, and proficient at writing. analyze it, and cultivate it with all the available resources.

2. ART BUYER - In this stage, your project, which initially was something external
 An art buyer is a professional who is knowledgeable in art, who to you or your group, comes into your own being, becomes one
may scout talents for an advertising agency seeking to employ an with you. The assimilation stage of the creative process follows an
art director, or who may look for art for a collector or a company. organic path, with its own rhythms and needs.

3. ART DEALER
 An art dealer is a person or a company that buys and sells works 3.COMPLETION
of art. Art dealers often study the history of art before starting their - It is the time to finish your project, to give it the final shape before you
careers. present it to the audience. It is difficult time because your energy will be
 They have to understand the business side of the art world. They small and likely dispersed with a new vision. Put a deadline to your projects
keep up with trends in the market and are knowledgeable about and do not get entangled in small and never – ending details.
the style of art that people want to buy.
- A beautiful wat to conclude your projects is by celebrating them.
4. PRIVATE COLLECTOR Celebrating is a great opportunity to share with other people your
 This is a personally owned collection of works, usually a collection happiness for what you have done. Afterward you will be read to
of art. In a museum or art gallery environment, the term signifies start again.
that a certain work is not owned by the institution but is on loan
from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition
or for the long term. THREE STAGES IN ART MAKING
 The source is usually from an art collector, although it could be - Art making can be associated with art exploration, concept
from a school, church, organization, bank, private company, or development, and art production. In the creative process, the
any institution. artist undergoes three stage experience, which are popularly
known as preproduction, production, and post production.

THE CREATIVE PROCESS 1. Pre-production or subject development – This ends when the
planning ends and the content starts being produced.
1. Conceive the result you want to create.
- Creation starts at the end. We need to have an idea of what we 2. Production or medium manipulation – This is a method of
want to create, of what we want to have, and manifest. We need a joining diverse materials and inputs (plans, know-how) to create
vision—individual or collective—that we want to realize. something for consumption (the output).

2. KNOW what currently exists. 3. Post-production (completion) or exhibition – Once an artwork

- It is difficult to create something novel and/or original in any area is finished, it will be displayed, circulated, and performed for the
of knowledge without being aware of what is being done in that audience and public to see or watch.
area.

3. Take Actions. MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE

- Having a wonderful idea or vision is not enough; you have to do  Medium refers to the materials that are used by an artist to create
something to make it real, to manifest it, although sometimes you a work of art. Without the medium, an idea remains a concept, or
will have to do things that might generate criticism, and it would just dwell in the walls of the artist’s imagination.
sometimes you will make serious mistakes and have to start  Technique refers to the artist’s ability and knowledge in
again. manipulating the medium to achieve the desired effect.

4. Develop Your Creativity.

- Every new creation gives you fresh thoughts and knowledge of RECOGNITION AND AWARD FOR ARTIST AND ARTISAN
your own creative process. You will then increase your ability to
picture what you want and your capacity to bring those outcomes 1. Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA) National Living
into real-life situations. Treasures Award

5. Learn the rhythms of the creative process. The award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7335 and
- There are three fundamental stages in every creative process: is conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group engaged in any traditional art
germination, assimilation, and completion. uniquely Filipino.

THREE STAGES IN THE CREATIVE PROCESS

1.GERMINATION (IDEAL)

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