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Parts of Speech

The document provides an overview of different types of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, along with examples for each category. It also explains the rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives. Each section highlights the function and usage of these parts of speech in sentences.

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14 views7 pages

Parts of Speech

The document provides an overview of different types of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, along with examples for each category. It also explains the rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives. Each section highlights the function and usage of these parts of speech in sentences.

Uploaded by

kuriatamara112
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Common nouns

 Describe a general type of person, place, or thing


 Are not capitalized, unless they start a sentence
 Examples include "student," "region," or "television show"
Proper nouns

 Identify specific people, places, or things


 Examples include "New York," "The Himalayas," or "The Taj
Mahal"

Collective nouns

 Describe a group of people or things


 Take a singular verb
 Examples include "pack," "pride," "flock," "anthology," or
"cast"

Abstract nouns

 Refer to concepts or feelings that cannot be experienced


physically
 Examples include "grammar," "justice," "sadness," or
"relaxation"

Concrete nouns

 Refer to physical objects, places, or individuals


 Examples include "apple," "hill," "zebra," or "Dorothy"

Compound nouns

 Made of two or more words, including nouns, adjectives,


verbs, or prepositions
 Examples include "basketball" or "snowstorm"
Countable nouns

 Things that can be counted, like apples or books


 Can be preceded by an indefinite article or a number

Uncountable nouns
 Things that can't be counted, like water or information
 Should never be preceded by an indefinite article or a
number.

1. Noun (Names of people, places, things, or ideas)

• Types of Nouns:

• Common nouns: general names (e.g., city, car, book)

• Proper nouns: specific names (e.g., Nairobi, Toyota, Harry Potter)

• Abstract nouns: intangible things (e.g., love, bravery, freedom)

• Concrete nouns: things that can be sensed (e.g., table, dog, music)

• Collective nouns: groups of things/people (e.g., team, flock, audience)

• Examples in sentences:

• The teacher explained the lesson clearly.

• Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya.

2. Pronoun (Replaces a noun to avoid repetition)

• Types of Pronouns:

• Personal pronouns: (I, you, he, she, it, we, they)

• Possessive pronouns: (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)

• Reflexive pronouns: (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves)

• Demonstrative pronouns: (this, that, these, those)


• Relative pronouns: (who, whom, whose, which, that)

• Interrogative pronouns: (who, what, which, whose, whom)

• Examples in sentences:

• She went to the market.

• This is my book.

3. Verb (Expresses an action or state of being)

• Types of Verbs:

• Action verbs: (run, jump, write, eat)

• Linking verbs: (is, am, are, was, were, seems, becomes)

• Helping (auxiliary) verbs: (is, have, will, can, should)

• Examples in sentences:

• She writes a letter every day.

• They were happy to see us.

4. Adjective (Describes or modifies a noun or pronoun)

• Types of Adjectives:

• Descriptive adjectives: (beautiful, tall, intelligent)

• Quantitative adjectives: (some, many, few, all, first)

• Demonstrative adjectives: (this, that, these, those)

• Possessive adjectives: (my, your, his, her, our, their)

• Examples in sentences:

• The blue car is mine.

• She has three cats.


5. Adverb (Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb)

• Types of Adverbs:

• Adverbs of manner: (quickly, slowly, happily)

• Adverbs of time: (yesterday, now, soon)

• Adverbs of place: (here, there, everywhere)

• Adverbs of degree: (very, too, almost, quite)

• Examples in sentences:

• He ran quickly to catch the bus.

• She is very tired today.

6. Preposition (Shows the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word)

• Types of Prepositions:

• Prepositions of place: (in, on, under, between, behind)

• Prepositions of time: (before, after, during, at, since)

• Prepositions of direction: (to, into, onto, towards)

• Examples in sentences:

• The book is on the table.

• We will meet after lunch.

7. Conjunction (Connects words, phrases, or clauses)

• Types of Conjunctions:

• Coordinating conjunctions: (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)

• Subordinating conjunctions: (because, although, since, unless)

• Correlative conjunctions: (either…or, neither…nor, both…and)

• Examples in sentences:
• I wanted to go out, but it started raining.

• You can have either tea or coffee.

8. Interjection (Expresses strong emotions or sudden reactions)

• Examples:

• Wow! That was an amazing performance!

• Ouch! That hurt!

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Adjectives are used to describe nouns, and when comparing two or more things, we use
comparative and superlative adjectives.

1. Comparative Adjectives

• Used to compare two people, places, or things.

• Usually formed by adding ”-er” to short adjectives or using “more” before longer
adjectives.

• Often followed by “than” in a sentence.

Examples:

• This book is thicker than that one.

• She is more intelligent than her brother.

• The car is faster than the bus.


2. Superlative Adjectives

• Used to compare three or more people, places, or things.

• Usually formed by adding ”-est” to short adjectives or using “most” before longer
adjectives.

• Often used with “the” before the adjective.

Examples:

• This is the thickest book in the library.

• She is the most intelligent student in the class.

• That was the fastest car in the race.

Rules for Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

1. One-syllable adjectives → Add ”-er” for comparative and ”-est” for superlative.

• Tall → taller → tallest

• Small → smaller → smallest

2. Adjectives ending in “e” → Just add ”-r” or ”-st”

• Large → larger → largest

• Wise → wiser → wisest

3. Adjectives ending in a consonant + vowel + consonant → Double the last consonant before
adding ”-er” or ”-est”

• Big → bigger → biggest

• Hot → hotter → hottest

4. Adjectives with two or more syllables → Use “more” for comparative and “most” for
superlative

• Beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful

• Expensive → more expensive → most expensive

5. Irregular adjectives (do not follow regular rules)


• Good → better → best

• Bad → worse → worst

• Far → farther/further → farthest/furthest

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