EFFECT OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT TAPUDI INTEGRATED SCHOOL

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Learning environments are places where people learn. They can include
physical spaces such as classrooms, schools, or workplaces; virtual spaces such as
digital platforms, or blended spaces that combine both physical and digital elements
(Williams, 2023). According to (Hannah H. 2022) a positive learning environment is
neither a collection of desk items that have been painstakingly labeled or a display with
a neatly trimmed border and backing. Furthermore, it's not a place set up for the
upcoming school year over the summer break. Positive learning environment
encompasses much more than just the visible. The physical, social, and emotional
settings are its three primary components. In order for any effective teaching technique
to be effective, these components need to work together. Further, Rusticus (2023) The
psychological, social, cultural, and physical context in which learning takes place and
influences students' motivation and achievement is referred to as the learning
environment.

According to (Bogusevschi, et, al 2020) many schools have a lack of

equipment and resources in their scientific laboratories as a result of both the school's
restricted budget and the expensive expense of lab maintenance. The most recent
technological breakthroughs provide excellent potential for schools to address budget
and expense challenges by utilizing 3D virtual learning environments that allow for
simulations and observations of various studies. As part of the European Horizon 2020
NEWTON Project, a 3D immersive computer-based Physics teaching application was
conceived and built to teach the natural water cycle and precipitation formation
principles using virtual reality and experimental virtual laboratory simulations. The
program was used and reviewed as part of a case study conducted at a secondary
school in Dublin, Ireland.
 Meanwhile, effective education is guaranteed when learners have access to a
learning environment with enough resources. Furthermore, the available amenities at
home during distant learning boosts their drive to complete the discipline's expected
tasks. Students' motivation is critical because they were abruptly introduced to modular
instruction. In Asian countries, the instructional modality's abrupt deployment caused a
shift in learners' attitudes toward physical education subjects in which they are required
to exhibit competencies. As a result, the learning environment, facilities, and motivation
are critical variables in adopting the subject. Learning settings have been the subject of
several research in the Philippines. Learning motivation studies were undertaken at
public and private high schools, as well as state universities and colleges (Margario, et
al 2022).

Furthermore, stakeholders included instructors, parents, students, the school

principal, and local government staff who were invested in the success of a rural
national high school. In the study, teachers refer to all teaching personnel in the Junior
and Senior High departments with positions as Teachers 1, 2, and 3, whilst parents
refer to the biological father and mother or legal guardians of pupils currently enrolled in
the recognized public secondary school. (Alcontin et al. 2024) define students as senior
high school students who are at least 18 years old or have reached the age of majority
and are enrolled in the identified rural public high school in Don Marcelino, Province of
Davao Occidental.

Statement of the problem

The learning environment plays a vital role in molding student academic

achievement. At Tapudi Integrated School, high school pupils' diverse academic
outcomes show the importance of understanding the specific factors of the learning
environment that influence student success. While teachers and administrators seek to
establish a supportive and engaging learning environment, the specific components of
the learning environment that influence academic outcomes are unknown.
The purpose of this study is to look into the relationship between the learning
environment and academic achievement among senior high school students at Tapudi
Integrated School. The study will identify and analyze critical environmental factors that
help or impede student academic progress.

The study will address the following questions:

1. To what extent do high school students at Tapudi Integrated School perceive the
learning environment as conducive to learning in terms of:

1.1 Physical environment

1.2 Social environment

2. What is the level of academic performance of Senior High School students at Tapudi
Integrated School?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the quality of learning environment and

academic performance of Senior High School students?

Significance of the study

Students: a positive learning environment fosters engagement, motivation, and

academic success, while also promoting positive relationships, empathy, and emotional
intelligence.

Teachers: a supportive environment empowers them to deliver high-quality instruction

and continuously improve their practice, contributing to their morale, motivation, and
commitment to their profession.

Parents: a welcoming environment encourages parental participation, communication,

and support for their children's education, building trust and confidence in the school,
fostering parental support.

School administrators: a positive environment facilitates the implementation of

effective school policies, ensuring a safe and productive learning environment, while
also shaping the school culture, fostering a positive and supportive learning
environment.

Researchers: research on the learning environment provides valuable insights into

educational processes, teaching strategies, and student outcomes, allowing them to
develop and test interventions to improve student learning, teacher effectiveness, and
school climate.

Scope and Delimitation

The impact of the learning environment on the many parties involved in the educational
system—students, instructors, parents, administrators, and researchers—is the main
topic of this study. The investigation will look at how engagement, motivation, academic
performance, teacher morale, family involvement, and school climate are all positively
impacted by a supportive learning environment. The study will not, however, go into
detail on particular tactics or interventions to enhance the learning environment; instead,
it will concentrate on the advantages and overall impact on various stakeholder groups.
 CHAPTER 2

This chapter presents the Review Related Literature from both locan and foreign
authors. And also this chapter presents the Conceptual Framework and Definition of
Terms

Review Related Literature

Physical Learning Environment

The physical learning environment has physical sensory aspects include color,
lighting, space, social and furniture that defines the learning environment for students.
Students are required to learn 21st-century abilities such as teamwork, collaboration,
and critical thinking, in addition to cognitive development through standardized
examinations and exams (Owoseni, et al 2020). According to (Lewis 2024). The way a
The physical design of scientific classrooms plays a major role in shaping the designing
a science classroom for the majority or average student may negatively impact the
comfort, engagement, and perceptions of minority groups, including queer students.
This project aims to examine how the architecture of a science classroom affects queer
students' views, involvement, and comfort. Student recommendations will be used to
identify design modifications that will benefit both queer students and the science class
as a whole. The way a classroom is physically arranged can impact how students
behave and learn. (Shao et al. 2020) suggest that a well-designed classroom layout can
promote positive behaviour and better academic results. Similarly the study of (Roger K,
2020) the physical organization and aspects of the classroom environment, such as
seating arrangement and organisation, can have an impact on students' behavior and
attention to academic work. However, that a well-planned classroom might contribute to
a more conducive learning environment, whereas a poorly built one may cause
distractions and behavioral issues.

According to (Sidi, 2019) school facilities are being used increasingly often as
schools begin to implement comprehensive face-to-face instruction. School
infrastructure imply a large expenditure for the they established a school system. If not
properly managed and maintained, it will effect the academic achievement of students,
ambition to learn, and their mentality. In study of (Lackney et al 2019)an effective school
facility responds to changing educational delivery programs and, at the very least,
provides a physical environment that is comfortable, safe, secure, accessible, well-lit,
well-ventilated, and aesthetically pleasing. The school facilities include not only the
physical structure but also a wide range of building systems such as mechanical,
plumbing, electrical and power, telecommunications, security, and fire suppression
systems. The amenities also include furnishings, materials, textbooks and supplies,
equipment and information technology, and different components of the building
grounds, such as sporting fields, playgrounds, outdoor learning places, and vehicular
access and parking.

According to (Naof et al 2023) on average, pupils spend roughly 6-7 hours per
day in school, or 32.5 hours per week, which is considered a long period. A proper and
safe school environment is essential for improving learning outcomes and maintaining
good health . A safe school is "a school in which students can move without risk and
accidents are minimal" . Furthermore, students and school personnel should have some
level of knowledge and experience in responding to emergency medical situations in
order to avoid injuries caused by accidents that may occur in a school setting due to a
lack of recommended safety preparedness control measures.(Carbone N, 2024)stated
school maintenance is more than just keeping the lights on and the hallways clean; it is
about providing a safe and conducive atmosphere for students to learn and flourish.
However, failing to perform periodic maintenance on school buildings can cause varied
levels of degradation over time. Unchecked property damage can eventually raise the
risk of accidents, result in large costs, and create a terrible image on potential students
and parents. This could lead to lower attendance and increased financial difficulties due
to extensive maintenance and liability issues. To help you prevent these concerns
entirely, we developed this school maintenance checklist, which allows you to
proactively maintain a safe and dynamic learning environment before greater problems
arise.

Social Learning Environment

 According to( Sen K, 2021) teacher-student interaction has an impact on the
classroom management impacts learning and growth. According to from a
developmental perspective, establishing a favorable the teacher-student interaction
promotes a student's cognitive and social development. It promotes emotional
development and improves their mental health. The teacher-student connections have a
positive impact on the boosts students' self-esteem and talents. Student-Teacher
interactions are crucial for the students's intellectual self-concept and increasing their
zeal. success. Colleges and universities that intentionally encourage close and regular
communication between their students and school members are more likely to gain a
variety of advantages of such projects. Faculty members are taking an taking an interest
in their pupils' academic achievement could contribute significantly to their intellectual
development.

According to ( Zhang, et al 2020) that is also an important measure of the

quality of teacher-student interaction and the development of positive interpersonal
ecologies. The main effect model in social support theory suggests that enhancing
social support can improve individuals' mental health ( He et al., 2021). Scholars say
that students' perceptions of teacher support have a significant impact on their self-
esteem, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being (Zhang et al., 2019; Sun et al., 2021).
According to (Li, et al 2020) peer impact in school grows stronger as university students
increasingly gain independence from their parents and seek support from their
classmates. Also (Huang et al 2020) stated active peer relationships lessen behavioral
difficulties in individuals while also improving mental health and life happiness. In study
of (Ji, et al 2020) Individuals who are in an unfavorable peer relationship and are
subjected to physical and relational attacks, as well as campus bullying, acquire a
variety of bad feelings .

According to (Darling-Hammod, et al 2020) one approach to improving

academic competency, standardized test scores, and student involvement and reducing
the negative impacts of poverty on academic attainment is to build positive school
climates .While culture is regarded the school's individuality, the climate reflects it. .
Culture and climate are two independent constructs. According to an article from School
Culture and Climate (2020), they are codependent and "one drives and determines the
other".School climate is the atmosphere that pervades the organization and generally.
Demonstrates the activities, mental processes, and experiences of stakeholders, such
as students. Teachers and administrators (School Culture & Climate 2020).A school's
culture reflects personality, including its daily operations. Climate (2020). More
specifically, it determines the basis of the attitudes, behaviors, and expectations in the
interaction between leaders and schools.

Psychological learning environment

According to (Sukup, et al) more recent investigations indicated that a similar

number of students suffer from mental health concerns, demonstrating that student life
can be stressful, since students report higher levels of anxiety than their non-student
counterparts. Additional study has shown that resilience is an important determinant in
success. This quantitative study investigated the association between resilience levels,
academic performance, and stress levels in a sample of college students by dividing it
down into two smaller investigations. The virus spreads. In this framework, the new
education the problem of virtual or distance learning is imposed in almost all the
countries of the world, causing impacts that not only have a huge impact on productivity,
also, for social activities and student education.

In this context, (Howard et al. 2021) emphasized the relevance of motivation by

citing its favorable effect on students' perseverance. They stated that academic
motivation can empower students to overcome the challenges that they may face during
the learning process. As (Hiver, et al 2020) mentioned, student state motivation can be
significantly influenced by their perspectives and attitudes toward their instructors,
course content, and learning environment. Similarly, (Dörnyei 2020) proposed that how
students perceive their teachers' personal and interpersonal conduct influences their
academic motivation. They argued that by using efficient communication practices,
language teachers can create a pleasant educational environment in which students
enjoy learning a new language..A sense of satisfaction is crucial for students' enhanced
motivation and engagement (Kulakow, et al 2020; Pedler et al., 2021). Overall,
according and (Xie, et al 2021), teacher praise as an example of successful
communication behavior can have a significant impact on the engagement and
motivation of EFL students.

According to (Eccles, et al2020) considerable research has examined the ways

in which interest (value) and self-efficacy (expectancy) influence each other and predict
academic achievement. These findings confirm the recently postulated situated
expectancy-value theory (SEVT) . A key implication of SEVT is that the learning
situation has a critical impact on the development and interrelation of self-efficacy and
interest. The present study was conducted in Germany, where teachers are unsure
which school interventions enhance students’ academic motivation. To further the
understanding of a balanced instructional approach comprised of an adaptive blend of
teacher- and student-directed elements, schools that enlarge instruction via self-
directed learning intervals were investigated. In self-directed learning intervals, students
can focus on questions and problems that arise from their preference for a subject. The
present investigation uses longitudinal data modelled with latent variables that were
drawn from a large sample with a long-term perspective. (Omidullah A. 2020) stated
some of the students were low self-confident and most students were highly self-
confident. In addition, students’ self-confidence effected their learning in areas of
students’ participation, in seeking goal, developing interest in lessons, in decreasing
students’ anxiety, they are being comfortable with their instructors and classmates and
also in sharing their opinions related to lessons in class.

Technological Environment

According to (Hebert C. 2021) the majority of them had never before created
an integrated learning environment with one of their classes using a digital game. We
aim to shed light on some of the actual difficulties associated with integrating digital
games into the classroom by elevating the perspectives of teachers, who frequently go
unnoticed in studies on digital game-based learning (DGBL).Today's digital world makes
having access to technology a crucial component of schooling. Access is required for
students to digital tools and technology in order to excel academically and get ready for
future employment.
 Technology plays a crucial role in modern education, serving multiple
purposes. It can be used to design and deliver knowledge, provide access to
information for both teachers and students, facilitate communication and argumentation,
enhance learning efficiency, and even support educational administration (Salsabila et
al., 2020). Given the importance of technology in online learning, teachers and students
need a strong foundation in computer skills, communication tools, and online media
(Latip, 2020).Technological literacy directly impacts academic success. Students who
are comfortable and proficient with technology are better equipped to access
information, engage with learning materials, communicate effectively, and participate in
online learning environments. Strong technological skills can also lead to increased
efficiency and productivity in learning, allowing students to focus on deeper
understanding and critical thinking. Furthermore, technological literacy can empower
students to become active learners, capable of independently exploring new ideas and
concepts, ultimately leading to greater academic achievement.

Help and support from the school are also essential. According to Schlichter
Citation 2020, educators who work remotely must "adapt to new pedagogical concepts
and modes of delivery of teaching for which they have not been trained." The majority of
teachers favored using technology, according to the National Literacy Trust (Picton
Citation 2019), however the main obstacle was a lack of training. Nearly a quarter
(23.3%) lacked any experience teaching literacy using technology. Technology is a
valuable tool in the classroom when utilized properly, but teachers need to know when
and how to use it (Hollebrands Citation 2020). Success depends on teachers'
proficiency with technology and their ability to modify the amount and quality of
instruction. Factors related with learning loss include student stress, lack of desire, and
decreased time spent learning.

Environmental Stressor

The effects of noise on academic outcomes and annoyance are the two main
topics of discussion in school literature. Anger is defined as an emotional and cognitive
reaction to noise exposure (Guski et al., 2017). In a recent study, (Massonnié et al.
2020) examined how noise affected children's reported annoyance and interference with
their schooling. They came to the conclusion that these are distinct but linked
mechanisms that might vary depending on the individual. Children have been the
primary target of the research that has been directly evaluating the impact of noise on
scholastic attainment(Connolly, et al 2019).A more recent study that focused on
teenagers between the ages of 11 and 16 discovered concrete proof that classroom
noise had an impact on their reading comprehension. Gave students a brief reading
assignment while they listened to a realistic recording of non-verbal classroom noise
using headphones at 50, 65, and 70 dB.

Classroom overcrowding in schools - an issue that arises when a classroom's

student-teacher ratio is extremely high—a growing issue that many schools worldwide
are dealing with—and is a issue that both wealthy and developing countries' schools
face. In South Africa, public schools tend to have more packed classrooms than to
exclusive educational institutions. A private school is defined(Alam, et al 2020) as "any
school that is administered and controlled but not run by the government, whether for
profit or not, by a private entity. "Although the relationship between smaller classrooms
and academic success has not yet been established, grade repetition and subpar
performance are linked to overcrowding educational spaces (West, et al 2020).Scholarly
research demonstrates that crowded student achievement is negatively impacted by
classroom environments.

According to (Graetz, K 2024)students are surrounded by environmental

information whether they are seated in a big lecture hall, outside under a tree, or in front
of a computer screen. Students focus their attention on certain objects in the room, like
scarves, teacups, and armchairs. They also keep an eye on ambient elements like the
fire's warmth, the fragrance of the kettle, and the light from the lights. Students are
constantly exposed to environmental information in any learning environment, of which
only a small portion consists of the sights and sounds of instruction. Second, pupils
actively feel, look, and listen rather than passively touching, seeing, or hearing.
Students' capacity to take in and comprehend incoming information is constrained; they
are unable to pay attention to all of the environmental information that is constantly
being thrown at them.Students choose which information to consider using automated
and controlled methods. By applying preconceived notions and ideas from the top down
and assembling fragments of information from the bottom up, they attempt to make
sense of what they are feeling. A classroom that looks out of place because it doesn't
conform to preconceived notions based on past experiences can have round tables and
cozy seats. Students may focus their attention on specific learning objectives in the
classroom that they believe to be more fascinating, significant, or unusual than others.

Definition of terms

Learning environment: A learning environment is a physical space, cultural context, or

educational approach where teaching and learning take place. It can also include the
resources, technology, and modes of teaching and learning used.

Physical environment: The Physical Environment refers to the external surroundings

and conditions in which we live and which influence a person's health.

Social Environment: A social environment is the physical and social setting in which
people live, interact, and view each other.

Academic Performance:Academic performance is a measure of a student's success in

their education, including their grades, test scores, and other accomplishments.

School: school is both the educational institution and building designed to provide
learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the
direction of teachers.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Learning Environment

Physical environment
Academic performance
Social Environment

CHAPTER 3
 METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will use mixed method combining quantitative descriptive -

correlational research design and Qualitative narrative research design. Descriptive -
correlational research to determine the relationship between learning environment and
academic performance of students. Accordingly, this method seeks to provided
statistical presentations of situations and explain the relationship between two variables
(Panda, 2022). Narrative research design to explored the perception and experiences
regarding the effect of learning environment on the academic performance of students.
Accordingly, since this was the most effective method as it will address the experiences
of each individual they observed and live over time (Faizin 2020).

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

The researchers will send a letter request to the principal and advisers of
respondents/ participants for approval of conducting a study. The researchers will
request a list of all Senior High School students in Tapudi Integrated School. The
researchers distribute the survey questionnaires.

TOO SHORT ang procedure. I elaborate.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This researchers will use survey questionnaire to gathered data. The

questionnaire combined likert scale and open-ended questions. Using liker scale for
quantitative gathered data to measure the effect of learning environment including
physical environment and social environment of Senior High School students academic
performance. Accordingly, A likert scale is a type of rating scale that measures how
people feel and level of agreement.They're are useful in survey forms or questionnaires
and in many different situations (Solmaz, 2024).

Opened ended questions gathered qualitative provided insight on the high school
student's perception and experiences regarding their learning environment. Accordingly,
opened-ended questions are questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or
'no', and instead require the respondent elaborate on their points ( Dossetto, 2024).

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents/participants of this study were the high school students in

Tapudi Integrated School. There are respondents/participants. They were selected as a
respondents /participants of this study because they are one who qualified to answers
the questionnaires.

GRADE LEVEL POPULATION SAMPLE SIZE

GRADE 12 60 46

GRADE 11 51 40

TOTAL 111 86

Each grade level's sample size was calculated using the Slovin's formula, n= N/
(1 + N e^2), where n= the sample size, N= the population, e= the margin error of (0.01),
and a confidence level of 90%. This formula acquired sample size of 46 and 40 for
grade eleven and grade twelve. The total sample size both grade level is 86.

SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING

A sample size 86 was acquired from each grade level of senior high school
students at Tapudi Integrated School. Using the stratified random sampling the
researchers divided the population into strata. This study divided the population into two
strata. Students from (1) Grade Twelve (2) Grade Eleven. A sample of 46 selected
students from Grade Twelve, and 40 also selected students from Grade Eleven.

RESEARCH LOCALE
 The study will be conducted at Tapudi Integrated School, Baranggay Kalamongog
Lebak, Sultan, Kudarat.

ETHICS CONSIDERATION

Conducting research on the effect of learning environment on the academic

performance of senior high school students requires careful consideration of ethical
implications to ensure the well-being and rights of all participants. Informed consent is
paramount, with clear and concise forms explaining the study's purpose, procedures,
and potential impact on students' academic performance. Confidentiality and privacy
must be rigorously upheld, anonymizing data and protecting it from unauthorized
access. The research design should minimize potential harm to participants, ensuring
interventions are implemented effectively and monitored closely. Data integrity and
accuracy are crucial, requiring standardized collection methods, rigorous analysis, and
transparent reporting of findings. Researchers must consider the potential impact of
their findings on school policies and practices, disseminating them responsibly to
stakeholders and engaging in open discussions about implications. Collaboration with
school officials is essential to ensure the safety and well-being of students and staff,
obtaining approval from administrators and informed consent from parents. Ethical
review board approval is mandatory to ensure adherence to ethical guidelines. Cultural
sensitivity is also vital, using culturally appropriate research methods and materials and
recruiting researchers familiar with the school's cultural context. By addressing these
ethical considerations, researchers can conduct their study responsibly and ethically,
contributing to a better understanding of learning environments and their impact on
student academic performance.