T HE CURRENT STATE OF ICT TECHNOLOGIES

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I NT RO DUCTION:
ICT is the abbreviation for Information and Communication
Technology. ICT is an umbrella term used to encompass all
rapidly emerging, evolving and converging computer,
software, networking, telecommunications, Internet,
programming and information systems technologies. Today
we are going to discuss what is Information and
Communication Technology, its terminologies and how are
we able to use its terms for us to practice in the next lesson.

DI S CUS SION:
W HAT I S INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT )?
ICT is a composite term, which embodies three important concepts. To understand
ICT, one must understand all three concepts.

“I NF O RMATION”
  “Information” means many things to people. Depending on the context.
Scientifically, information is a processed data. Information can also be loosely
defined as that which aids decision making. Information, though abstract, could
also be visualized as a commodity, which could be or solid.

Any potentially useful fact, quantity or value that can be expressed uniquely with
exactness. Information is whatever is capable of causing a human mid to change its
opinion about the current state of the world.

“CO MMUNICATION”

 “Communication” refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to

person or from one place to another. When action produce a reaction, whether
positive or negative, communication has taken place. Other writers in the field of
communication studies have defined communication as: process: a transfer of
information, ideas, thoughts and messages. It involves a sender, a receiver, a
code and a language that is understood by both the sender and receiver.
“T E CHNOLOGY”

 “Technology” refers to the use of scientific knowledge to invent tools that assist
human beings in their efforts to overcome environmental hazards and
impediments to comfort. In this regard, technology refers to the things like
computer, telephone, cell phone, GSM handsets, television, radio, etc.

“I NF O RMATION AND COMMUNICATION, TECHNOLOGY (ICT)”

Put together, therefore, ICT has been defined as:

 The acquisition, analysis, manipulation, storage and distribution of information;

and the design and provision of equipment and software.
I CT “B A SIC”TERMINOLOGIES

“B -A -S -I -C”

B RO W S ER

 Also known as Web browser. A client software program that runs against a Web
server or other Internet server and enables a user to navigate the World Wide
Web (WWW) to access and display data.

AI

 Artificial Intelligence is the development of computer systems able to perform

tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.

S E RV E R COMPUTER

 Is a compute program tah provides service to other computer programs in the

same or ather computers.

I NT E RF ACE
  A boundary across which two independent systems meet and act on or
communicate with each other.

CLI E NT

 In the SAP landscape, a client is an entity with independent information and data.
The SAP client concept is based on the fact that an application service provider
(ASP) must provide and administer all resources at a minimal cost, which is quite
challenging in a multiple customer-client environment.

NOTE: SAP provides the option of allocating each customer to a client, thereby
removing the need to provide separate physical systems for each customer. This helps
reduce physical hardware and sharing of hardware and related software, thereby
reducing administration and support requirements and facilitating clients and a large
number of customers.
“F -A -M-I -L-Y”

F A CE B OOK

 Is an American for-profit corporation and social networking service or social

networking site.

A CCE S S IBILYTY

 In human–computerinteraction, computer accessibility refers to

the accessibility of acomputer system to all people, regardless of disability type
or severity of impairment.

MO B I LE PHONES

 Mobile phones have replaced fixed-line phones as the default technology for
communication.

I NT E RNET

 Is a computer network connecting millions of computers all over the world.

More than three in ten homes in the developing world have Internet access.

LA P T O P COMPUTERS/ COMPUTER

 Is a computer that light and can easily be carried around. Contrasted with
desktop computer.

Y O UT UBE

 A website to which you can upload your own video clips and view video clips
uploaded by others.

W E B 2. 0 AND WEB 3.0

W E B 2. 0

Web 2.0 describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content,
usability, and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O’Reilly and Dale
Dougherty at the O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined
by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.
“Web 2.0 changes us from
passive to active information consumers, allowing our online voice to be part of
theconversation.

Web 2.0 and higher education: changing approaches to learning and teaching
Web2.0 trends in distance education, globalization, digital literacy skills, and collective
intelligence are now driving the restructuring of academic programs

Discussions of Results
In a study conducted in United States in 2011, the majority – 58% said that they feel
comfortable using web 2.0 technologies to connect with other students to discuss
homework assignments and exams and they wished their instructors would incorporate
sites like Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn and Google+ into the curriculum more often.

W E B 3. 0

Welcome to Web 3.0.

The internet, Web 1.0, is so incredibly powerful that even now, almost 20 years later, we
have only begun to explore its potential. Web 2.0, with its YouTube, Facebook, Flickr
and blogs galore is even younger and shows even more potential.

Now, thanks to the work of the WIP project, we may be on the brink of a new internet, a
new World Wide Web. One where users can spontaneously create their own networks,
in minutes, and with any kind of data device – mobile or fixed, handheld or deskbound.

Along with a summary of approaches to Webs 1.0 and 2.0, the authors contend that a
more complex and poststructuralist theoretical approach to the notion of, and the
phenomenon of Web 3.0, offers a more interesting and appropriate theoretical
grounding for understanding its particularities.
Example, you want to watch a movie and grab something to eat then you turned on your
laptop and open a web Browser. You go to the Google page and perform a search for
movie theatres, movies, and restaurants then find out which are good action movies to
watch also which movie theatre playing those movies. Next you spend time reviewing
descriptions of the films before deciding your choice; also you research on which Italian
restaurants are there near the movie theatres then you also check the reviews of the
places. You may have visit about 20 sites before you are ready to head out and you
have spent half an hour doing the planning. This is how things work today in a Web 2.0
world.

Experts believed that the next generation of the Web will change how things work. Web
3.0 will make search task faster and easier and on top of that it will make searches
more personalized. In a Web 3.0 world instead of performing multiple searches you
would simply type a complex sentence or two and the Web 3.0 browser will do the rest.

For example you could enter “I want to watch an action movie and want to have dinner
at an Italian Restaurant” The web 3.0 browsers will display results for you and it will act
as a personal assistant. As you use the browser to perform searches it learns your
interests and the more you use it the more it learns about you. With time you can be
less specific with your questions and eventually you can ask open questions, for
example; “where should I go for the evening?’ the browser will analyze the database,
consider your current location, and provide its suggestions.

Basically in Web 2.0 browser, the user is the one who produces the content; it is a two
way communication, you as the user and the one who posted the content while in Web
3.0 browser the browser itself is the one who produces information based on the
previews actions of yours; it is a 3 way communication, the person who is producing the
content, the server who is monitoring your actions for it to provide accurate suggestions,
and you who is receiving the content or suggestions.