Chapter 7

Passive Optical Network (PON)

 Agenda

Basic Concepts of PON

PON Standards
Overview of Optical Access Network
GPON mode of protection
GPON power budget
Management and service provisioning
Basic Services over GPON Network
Main Vendors & Example of installation
 Basic Concepts of PON

This chapter describes the basic concepts and working principles of

PON network. This chapter introduces the basic architecture, upstream
and downstream working principles of the PON network.
 What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical
Splitter ONT
Optical Line Terminal

ONT

PSTN or VoIP Optical Distribution Network

ODN

Internet OLT Splitter

ONU
Feeder
IPTV/CATV Optical Network Unit

➢PON is a kind of passive optical network, broadband point to multiple-points architecture;

➢ PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
➢GPON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit/Terminal
(ONU/ONT) and Optical Distribution Network (ODN) including Passive Optical Splitter.
 Why PON ?
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 100M 2.5G 10G

G-PON, XGS-PON, TWDM-PON

Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / ADSL2+ Fiber Based
Technology Copper Based Copper Based

Coverage ~20-30km
diameter <3km <2km <1km

VoD Live TV
Internet
HDTV VoD
Service Video conferencing
requirements Remote control Game HDTV

2002 2003 2006 2018

• GPON（ Gigabit Passive Optical Networks） Time
• GPON supports Triple－play service, providing competitive all-service solution.
• GPON supports high-bandwidth transmission (2.5Gbps – 1.25 Gbps)
• GPON supports the long-reach (Typically 20 km) service coverage.
• GPON is the choice of the large carriers operators.
• GPON evolution: same Infrastructure can support new standards such: XG-PON(10Gbps-2.5Gbps), XGS-PON,
TWDM-PON (10Gbps-10Gbps) and near future > 40G & 100G
 GPON Principle --- Data Multiplexing

GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-directional

communication over a single fiber.

1490nm

1310nm

To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
– In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
– In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.
 GPON Principle --- Downstream Data

Broadcast mode
 GPON Principle --- Upstream Data

TDMA mode
 PON Standards

This chapter analyses major GPON standards and evolutions.

Recent progress in PON Standards
 Overview of Optical Access Network

This chapter describes the architecture of the optical access network.

Besides, this chapter describes various devices applied in the FTTx
network and you can get a knowledge of those devices applied in the
optical access network.
Architecture of Optical Access Network
Architecture of Optical Access Network
 GPON mode of protection

This chapter shows the three main types of GPON protection

 GPON Network Protection Mode
Type A: No protection
 GPON Power Budget

This chapter describes GPON optical power budget.

 Optical Power Attenuation

➢ Power attenuation calculation of Optical splitter

➢ Input attenuation of optical splitter(<1dB):

∑(Power input) - ∑(Power output of all branch)

Input 1:2 optical splitter Output Attenuation of 1:2 splitter: 3dB

Attenuation of 1:4 splitter: 6dB
Attenuation of 1:8 splitter: 9dB
Attenuation of 1:16 splitter: 12dB
Attenuation of 1:32 splitter: 15dB
Attenuation of 1:64 splitter: 18dB
Attenuation of 1:128 splitter:21dB
Output
Input

2:N optical
splitter
 Fiber Attenuation and Power Budget
➢ Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre length About 0.5 dB max per km
➢ The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
for 1310nm and 0.3dB max
per Km for 1490nm
typically 0.1dB/02dB

➢ Other factors may cause attenuation, such

A class B+ OLT and ONU
as fibre bending
can accept a total loss of 28 dB
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B＋ Class C

Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB

Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB

NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is inherently
more stringent due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner having a loss of
about 3 dB.
Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)
Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)
Management and Service Provisioning

This chapter describes GPON management and

service provisioning.
 GPON NMS
NMS is connected with OLTs only
through a DCN

GPON NMS provides all the management needs through an intuitive GUI for:
➢ configuration,
➢ Maintenance,
➢ Troubleshooting,
➢ Seamless integration into an OSS environment with northbound interfaces,
➢ ONU/ONT plug & play.
➢ Some vendors can support integrated OTDR.
GPON Service Provisioning and Zero Configuration on Terminals
Carriers’ nightmare
Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
Initial configurations (such as service system information
configuration, data configuration) are required on GPON supports zero configuration on
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish terminals and plug-and-play of terminals,
these configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers. which is cost-effective.

Application scenario

1 Subscribe for services

CRM
Order Management Service Provisioning Billing

2 Configure service network

NMS

3 Send terminals to users

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT

Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3

2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT
 Basic Services over GPON Network

This chapter describes basic services provided by GPON

System, such as Triple-play, TDM and RF overlay services.
 Triple Play in GPON

BB service platform
PC TL1/CORBA VoD Server
/API Notification
Middle
SFU Carrier’s OSS
ware
IPTV
NMS

Phone

Ethernet Intern
MDU IP Core et
CPE
MSE
Splitter OLT

PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Soft switch

CBU
Base station
FE
E1
IP
Voice

CPE ODN NSP ASP/ISP

 TDM service solutions in GPON

PBX

CESoP mode l With fixed upstream/downstream

E1/T1
Native mode frame structure, periodic
multiframes are transmitted in
ONT
GPON line. So, GPON can
ODN
transmit TDM service with first-
PSTN born advantage.
BUSINESS
E1/T1
ONT Splitter OLT LE l OLT supports processing
ONT TDM service in Native
CO
and CESoP modes.
FE

E1/T1 l With guaranteed QoS, GPON ensures

PBX
the parameter indexes of TDM service,
such as end-to-end delay, Jitter and
error bit rate.
 RF Overlay Service Solution in GPON

EDFA
（Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier）

Central Video Customer

Voice/Data 1550nm
Office Voice/Data& Video
Premises
Downstream 1490nm
1490/1310nm， 1550nm
Optical ONU
OLT Couplers (Optical Network Terminal)
(Optical Line Terminal)
（WDM）
Upstream 1310nm Optical Splitter
Video IP
Upstream Downstream （RF）
1310nm 1490nm 1550nm
Voice and Data Voice and Data
Video
@1250Mbps @2500Mbps

42Mhz 550Mhz 860Mhz

Analog TV Digital TV HD/VOD
 Main vendors & Installation
example

This chapter highlights the main GPON vendors with

some examples of products. Then, an example of FTTH
installation in Paris is shown in last slides
 Main GPON Vendors

ADTRAN (USA) Huawei (China)

Allied Telesis (Japan) NEC (Japan)
Altice Labs (Portugal) Nokia (Finland, Ex - Alcatel-Lucent)
Calix (USA) Raisecom (China: This company has
Cisco (USA) Implemented a GPON network in Nigeria)
DASAN (Korea, Ex – Zhone) Tellabs (USA)
FiberHome (China) ZTE (China)
Fujistu (Japan)
 Examples of Huawei OLT
5800-X17: 5800-X2:
Switching capacity: 7 Tbit/s Switching capacity: 480 Gbit/s
272 x GPON/EPON 32 x GPON/EPON
816 x GE/FE 96 x GE/FE
136 x 10G GPON/10G EPON 16 x 10G GPON/10G EPON
136 x 10G GE 16 x 10G GE
544 x E1 64 x E1

H x W x D: H x W x D:
493 mm x 287 mm x 486 mm 442 mm x 268.7 mm x 88.1 mm
Examples of Nokia ONTs
 Optical Distribution Network (ODN) Passive Accessories

Splitter 1/8 Splitter 1/32

Floor distribution
board
Installation: 1- CENTRAL OFFICE OLT & ODF
Installation: 2 - Optical fiber cable in existing infrastructure
(example: sewers)
Installation: 3 - Optical fiber cable in existing infrastructure
(from sewers to upper side)
Optical Fibre Cable
Installation: 4 - Optical fiber cable arrival in Private domain
Optical Fibre Cable
 Installation: 5 - Optical fiber cable arrival in Building
Optical Fibre Cable
 Installation: 6 – Arrival of optical fiber cable in the building
splitter box (Multi operators)

Splitters and
distribution

Optical fiber going

To upper floors

Optical fiber coming

from underground
Installation: 7- Building connection box
Installation: 8 - Distribution box per floor
Installation: 9 – Subscriber connection box
Installation: 10 - ONT
 GPON Acronyms & Abbreviations:
AON - Active Optical Network OAN - Optical Access Network
APON - ATM Passive Optical Network OCn - Optical Carrier
[same as ATM-PON] ODN - Optical Distribution
ATM-PON - ATM PON [same as BPON] Network
OEC - Optical Electrical
BPON - Broadband Passive Optical Network Converter
ONT - Optical Network Terminal
CPE - Customer Premises Equipment [ITU-T]
ONU - Optical Network Unit
DBA - Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation [IEEE]
OLT - Optical Line Terminal
DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface OLT - Optical Line Termination
Specification
EFN - Ethernet in the First Mile OLT - Optical Line Terminal
OMCI - ONU Management and
EPON - Ethernet PON Control Interface
FSAN - Full Service Access Network
PMD - Physical Medium
FTTC - Fiber To The Curb Dependent
FttD - Fiber To The Desk POL - Passive Optical LAN
FTTN - Fiber To The Node PON - Passive Optical Network
FTTP - Fiber To The Premises
GbE - Gigabit Ethernet RFoG - RF over Glass
GE-PON - Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical RF-PON - Radio Frequency PON
Network TDM-PON - Time Domain
GEPON - Gigabit Ethernet PON Multiplexing PON
GPON - Gigibit PON UNI - User Network Interface
HFC - Hybrid Fiber Coaxial WDM-PON - Wavelength Division
HFC-PON - Hybrid-Fiber-Coax PON Multiplexing PON
Q&A
VD1:

VD2:
Mạng PON (như hình bên) sử dụng 2 splitter S1 (1x8) và S2 (1x8) có suy hao xen
IL1(S1)=7,5dB, IL2(S2)=7.5dB, độ đồng nhất U1 và U2. OLT có công suất phát PT=0,3mW.
Chiều dài đoạn L1=6km, L2=3km, L3 = 700 m. Suy hao của sợi quang 0,5dB/km. Tại mỗi ONU
có suy hao do hàn nối là 2dB. Hãy xác định:
a. Công suất quang thu được tại ONU16 nếu U1 = U2 = 0dB.
b. Độ nhạy của các ONU bằng bao nhiêu để có thể lắp đặt được nếu U1 = U2 = 1dB? Giả sử
giá trị IL1 và IL2 được cho ở trên là giá trị tốt nhất trong các trường hợp của S1 và S2.