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Finance - Banking IX-X - M-C

The document discusses various aspects of a specific topic related to education and training, outlining key areas of focus and methodologies. It includes a detailed list of components and categories relevant to the subject matter, emphasizing the importance of structured approaches. Additionally, it highlights the significance of collaboration and effective communication in achieving educational objectives.

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14 views24 pages

Finance - Banking IX-X - M-C

The document discusses various aspects of a specific topic related to education and training, outlining key areas of focus and methodologies. It includes a detailed list of components and categories relevant to the subject matter, emphasizing the importance of structured approaches. Additionally, it highlights the significance of collaboration and effective communication in achieving educational objectives.

Uploaded by

ajh.earn.tera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  309

·qv`k Aa¨vq
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK A.N.M. Hamidullah
G.Gb.Gg nvwg`yjøvn ¯ ^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ Gi cÖ_g Mfb©i|

cvV m¤úwK©Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`


◼ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki aviYv
†h e¨vsK‡K †K›`ª K‡i †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi I e¨vsK e¨e¯’v M‡o I‡V I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e‡j| Aa¨vcK †mqv‡m©i g‡Z,
Ò†K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb, hv miKv‡ii AwaKvsk A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i Ges hv D³ Kvh©vewj m¤úv`bKv‡j
wewfbœ Dcv‡q †`‡ki Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Kvh©vewji Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K|Ó
◼ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨
1. ewjô gy`ªvevRvi MVb I wbqš¿Y 7. wbKvk Ni wnmv‡e KvR Kiv 13. m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb
2. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb 8. FY wbqš¿Y 14. g~jab MV‡bi mnvqZv Kiv
3. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb 9. miKvi‡K civgk© †`qv 15. mymsMwVZ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv
4. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y 10. g~ j ¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv 16. e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi c_cÖ`k©K|
5. †`‡ki gy`ªv gvb wbqš¿Y 11. miKv‡ii e¨vsK
6. e¨vsKmg~‡ni e¨vsKvi 12. RbKj¨vY
◼ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj
K. mvaviY Kvh©vewj : 2. Znwej msiÿY 5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj
1. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb 3. wnmve msiÿY wbqš¿Y
2. gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK 4. †jb‡`b m¤úv`b 6. wnmvecÎ cixÿv
5. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi µq-weµq 7. Dc‡`óv I civgk© `vZv
3. mnR wewbgq gva¨g m„wó
6. Dc‡`óv 8. eva¨Zvg~jK Znwej msiÿY
4. FY wbqš¿Y 9. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa
5. gy`ªvi µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y 7. Z_¨ I cwimsL¨vb msMÖn I msiÿY
10. FY Av`vq
8. AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© ¯’vcbKvix
6. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y 11. ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ Dbœqb|
7. g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv 9. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡| N. Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vewj
M. mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wnmv‡e m¤úvw`Z 1. K…wl Dbœqb
8. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Znwej msiÿY
Kvh©vewj 2. wkí Dbœqb
9. e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb 1. AbygwZ`vb I ZvwjKvfz³KiY
10. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó 3. mgevq e¨vs‡Ki Dbœqb
2. Kvh©iZ e¨vs‡Ki bZzb kvLv 4. M‡elYv Kvh©µg
11. miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ F‡Yi Z`viK| 3. wbKvk Ni
L. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wnmv‡e m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewj 5. F‡Yi e¨envi wbwðZKiY|
4. F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j
1. F‡Yi Drm
◼ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  310
Mfb©i

†WcywU Mfb©i (4 Rb)

wbe©vnx cwiPvjK (12 Rb) A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv

gnve¨e¯ ’vcK wm‡÷g e¨e¯ ’vcK

mnKvix gnve¨e¯ ’vcK wmwbqi wm‡÷g we‡klÁ cÖavb iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cÖ‡KŠkjx

†hŠ_ †hŠ_ wm‡÷g cÖavb iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cwiPvjb cÖavb


cwiPvjK e¨e¯ ’vcK we‡klÁ cÖ‡KŠkjx e¨e¯ ’vcK wPwKrmK

mnKvix cwiPvjK mn-e¨e¯ ’vcK †cÖvMÖvgvi iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cÖ‡KŠkjx wPwKrmK

Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix


◼ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úK©
1. wewae× wiRvf© 5. Zvij¨ 9. e¨vsKvi-g‡°j m¤úK©
2. wbKvk Ni 6. AwffveK 10. mn‡hvMx
3. Kvh©weeiYx 7. †kl AvkÖq¯’j 11. me e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi|
4. Z_¨ mieivnKvix 8. m`m¨fzw³i gva¨‡g my‡hvM MÖnY
◼ A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKv
1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K GKwU ¯’vqx I Kvh©Ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv n‡jI 1972 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei
evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg ïiæ nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb A‡bK| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖavbZ−
1. †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i|
2. †`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© e¨e¯’vcbv K‡i|
3. miKv‡ii wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡i|
4. K…wlFY I wkíFY weZi‡Y miKv‡ii bxwZ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb K‡i|
5. †`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv n¯ÍvšÍi I ¯’vbvšÍ‡i we‡kl f‚wgKv iv‡L|
6. †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ iKg Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i|
7. miKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h‡Kv‡bv Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ê miKvi‡K wewfbœfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|

Abykxjbxi enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi


1. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? 3. ÔcÖZ¨qÕ Kvh©µ‡g †Kvb Avw_©K cÖwZôvb mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i?
K wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g  g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L wkí e¨vsK
M Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó N m‡qi cÖeYZv m„wó M MÖvgxY e¨vsK N wewb‡qvM e¨vsK
2. †Kvb e¨vsK A‡_©i gvb wba©vi‡Y f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? 4. Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi mnvqZvq ÔcÖZ¨qÕ−
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
i. †`‡ki K…wl Dbœq‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i
M wewb‡qvM e¨vsK N wewbgq e¨vsK
ii. FYmyweav cv‡e
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
iii. RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb Ki‡e
wmWi AvµvšÍ ei¸bvi Avjy Pvwliv b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ GKwÎZ n‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ÔcÖZ¨qÕ bv‡g GKwU mgevq mwgwZ M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z Zv‡`i fv‡M¨i Dbœqb
K i I ii L i I iii
N‡U| cieZx©‡Z mwgwZi Kvh©µg cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ Zviv cÖwZôvwbK Avw_©K
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
mnvqZv MÖn‡Yi wPšÍvfvebv Ki‡Q|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  311

AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi


i. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mvnvh¨v‡_©
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki aviYv  c„ôvÑ119 ii. †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z
iii. mgvR MV‡b
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5. c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve n‡q‡Q KZ K i I ii L i I iii
kZvãx‡Z? (Ávb) M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K †lvok  mß`k M Aóv`k N Dbwesk 17. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZôvi ¸iæZ¡ Abyfe Kivi KviY− (Abyaveb)
6. mß`k kZvãx‡Z gy`ªvevRvi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q †Kb?(Abyaveb) i. A_©bxwZ I gy`ªvevRv‡ii Ici miKvwi wbqš¿Y cÖ‡qvRb
K AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb †e‡o hvIqvq ii. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb Kivi ZvwM`
L wewfbœ e¨emv‡qi Avwef©ve nIqvq iii. Avw_©K wel‡q A‡b¨i Ici wbf©i Kiv SzuwKc~Y© nIqvq
 wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve nIqvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ K i I ii  i I iii
7. †Kvb e¨vsK A_©e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e Rb¥jvf K‡i? (Ávb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M wkí e¨vsK N mgevq e¨vsK
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
8. e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v I gy`ªvevRv‡ii wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e †Kvb e¨vsK KvR K‡i? wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
(Abyaveb) †iRv cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i e¨vsKvi n‡Z B”QzK| Z‡e †m †`‡ki cÖavb
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK e¨vsKwUi e¨vsKvi n‡Z Pvq, hv Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK Ges
M miKvwi e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖZxK|
9. Aa¨vcK †mqvm© †K? (Ávb) 18. †iRv †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi n‡Z Pvq? (cÖ‡qvM)
K GKRb BwZnvmwe`  GKRb A_©bxwZwe` K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M GKRb wnmvewe` N GKRb f‚‡Mvjwe` M e„nËg e¨vsK N miKvwi e¨vsK
10. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msÁv w`‡q‡Qb †K? (Ávb) 19. mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖZxK aiv n‡j †iRvi e¨vsKwUi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©
 Aa¨vcK †mqvm© L †K. Gg. †mb
Dw³wU n‡e− (D”PZi `ÿZv)
M W. †mb N Aa¨vcK †Uwi
i. e¨vsKwU ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i
11. †KvbwU‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? (Abyaveb)
ii. cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k G e¨vsK Av‡Q
K AvBbMZ bxwZ ev¯Íevqb
iii. †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I ¯’vqx‡Z¡i wb‡`©kbv `vb K‡i
 miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M A_©‰bwZK bxwZ ev¯Íevqb
K i I ii L i I iii
N †emiKvwi Avw_©K bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡b
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
12. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri Kx? (Ávb)
K Puv` L Zviv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ c„ôvÑ119
M bÿÎ  m~h©
13. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡”Q e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv, ivRv I m~h© mewKQy| mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
†bZvi g‡Zv e¨vswKs ivRZ¡ kvmb K‡i Ges m~‡h©i g‡Zv (A_© I gy`ªv
evRvi) RM‡Z Av‡jv I kw³ †`q|Ó msÁvwU †K w`‡q‡Qb? (Ávb) 20. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wKiƒc cÖwZôvb? (Ávb)
K Aa¨vcK †mqvm© L Aa¨vcK wKmP  RbKj¨vYg~ j K Agy b vdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖ w Zôvb
M Aa¨vcK GjwKb  W. Gm, Gb, †mb L Dbœqbg~jK gybvdv‡fvMx cÖwZôvb
M gybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖwZôvb
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi N ¶z`ª FY`vbKvix GbwRI cÖwZôvb
21. me©mvavi‡Yi g½j wbwðZ Kiv †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨? (Ávb)
14. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK m„wói cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q− (Abyaveb)
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
i. gy`ªvevRvi‡K mymsMwVZ Kiv
M wkí e¨vsK N wewb‡qvM e¨vsK
ii. `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm Kiv
22. †Kvb e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ wfwËi Dci `uvo Kiv‡bvi
iii. wbqš¿Yg~jK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v m„wó
D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ? (Ávb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K miKvwi e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
K i I ii  i I iii
M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
23. ewjô gy`ªvevRvi MVb I wbqš¿Y K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? (Ávb)
15. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `vwqZ¡ n‡jv− (Abyaveb) K we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L mgevq e¨vsK
i. gy`ªv cÖPjb  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
ii. FY wbqš¿Y 24. cÖK…Z A‡_© †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ? (Abyaveb)
iii. A_© mieivn K †`‡ki gy`ªv gvb wbqš¿Y L ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb N FY wbqš¿Y
K i I ii L i I iii 25. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? (Ávb)
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb L miKvi‡K civgk© `vb
16. †h mKj †ÿ‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb i‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv− (Abyaveb)  †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb N m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  312
26. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb e¨ZxZ Avi †Kvb KvRwU K‡i? (Ávb) 41. †KvbwU miKv‡ii e¨vsK? (Ávb)
 wbqš¿Y L kvmb K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M cÖPviYv N cwiPvjbv M mgevq e¨vsK N MÖvgxY e¨vsK
27. †KvbwU ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AvMgb I wbM©g‡bi wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb? 42. miKv‡ii A_© msiÿY I hveZxq †jb‡`b m¤úv`b Ki‡Z †K›`ªxq
(Ávb) e¨vsK Kx wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e? (Abyaveb)
K †fv³v e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K †emiKvwi e¨vsK L Af¨šÍixY e¨vsK
M wewb‡qvM e¨vsK N Gw·g e¨vsK M MYZvwš¿K e¨vsK  miKv‡ii e¨vsK
28. Avg`vwb I ißvwb‡K †`‡ki A_©bxwZi AbyK‚‡j ivL‡Z n‡j wb‡Pi 43. †mZzi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K Gwkqv Dbœqb e¨vsK 30
†KvbwU Acwinvh©? (Abyaveb) †KvwU UvKv A_© mnvqZv Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡ÿ
 ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y L †`‡ki gy`ªvgvb wbqš¿Y G †jb‡`bwU m¤úv`‡bi `vwqZ¡ †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Ici? (cÖ‡qvM)
M g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv N FY wbqš¿Y Kiv K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK
29. †Kvb e¨vsK gy`ªvgvb msiÿ‡Yi wbqš¿K? (Ávb) M evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K Bmjvgx e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 44. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨? (Abyaveb)
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK K FY wbqš¿Y L g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj
30. †Kvb e¨vsK A‡_©i gvb wba©vi‡Y f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? (Ávb) M e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb  RbKj¨vY
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 45. RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ _vKv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wKiƒc D‡Ïk¨?
M wewb‡qvM e¨vsK N wewbgq e¨vsK (Abyaveb)
31. ZvwjKvfz³ I AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨  g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨
†Kvb e¨vsK? (Ávb) M cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ N Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨
K miKvwi e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK 46. cÖKí cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb KvRwU
M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N wkí e¨vsK m¤úv`b K‡i? (Abyaveb)
32. evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ| †Kvb e¨vsK G K cÖKí m¤ú‡K© Ávb `vb L MÖvnK‡K cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b eva¨
mKj e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i? (cÖ‡qvM)  †`‡ki m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb N cvBKvwi e¨emvqx ˆZwi
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L †mvbvjx e¨vsK 47. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i †Kb? (Abyaveb)
M wewbgq e¨vsK N MÖvgxY e¨vsK  g~jab mieiv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ L e¨emvwqK D‡Ï‡k¨
33. †Kvb e¨vsK wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Ávb) M †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ N AvšÍR©vwZK D‡Ï‡k¨
K K…wl e¨vsK L wkí e¨vsK 48. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cwiKwíZ jÿ¨ †KvbwU? (Ávb)
M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K e¨vsK nvi e„w× Kiv L wbe©vnx cwil` MVb Kiv
34. Kxfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Abyaveb) M bZzb bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôv  mymsMwVZ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ga¨Kvi †jb‡`b wb®úwËi gva¨‡g 49. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨vsKwU kw³kvjx I k„•Ljvc~Y© A_© I g~jab evRvi M‡o
L AvšÍR©vwZK †jb‡`b wb®úwËi gva¨‡g †Zvjvi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ nq? (Ávb)
M GKK e¨vs‡Ki ga¨Kvi †jb‡`b wb®úwËi gva¨‡g K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi FY m„wó‡Z mnvqZvi gva¨‡g M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK
35. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †MvUv e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ 50. †Kvb e¨vsK mKj e¨vs‡Ki c_cÖ`k©K? (Ávb)
mgš^qmvab K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
†P‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwˇZ Kx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (cÖ‡qvM)  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK
K gyiweŸ L wbqš¿K M cwi`k©K  wbKvk Ni 51. e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi c_cÖ`k©K wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb
36. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K ch©vß nv‡i FY mieivn ai‡bi D‡Ïk¨? (Abyaveb)
wbwðZ K‡i? (Abyaveb) K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D‡Ïk¨  gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨
 A_©evRvi‡K w¯’wZkxj ivL‡Z M cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ N Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨
L A_©evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z 52. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
M Avg`vwb I ißvwbi mnvqK wn‡m‡e  gy`ªvevRvi MVb L FY wbqš¿Y
N evwYwR¨K mdjZv Avbq‡bi Rb¨ M RbKj¨vY N m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb
37. A_©evRvi‡K w¯’wZkxj Kiv nq Kxfv‡e? (Abyaveb)
K gy`ªvgvb wbqš¿Y K‡i L g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj †i‡L enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 FY wbqš¿Y K‡i N m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb K‡i
53. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv− (Abyaveb)
38. †Kvb e¨vsK miKvi‡K mKj A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b cwiKíbv cÖYqb I i. gy`ªvevRvi MVb
Zv ev¯Íevq‡b civgk© †`q? (Ávb) ii. FY`vb
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK
iii. gy`ªvevRvi wbqš¿Y
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N gv‡P©›U e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
39. miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq mg‡q A_©bxwZ welqK bvbvb civgk© w`‡q K i I ii  i I iii
_v‡K †Kvb e¨vsKwU? (Abyaveb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK
54. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y K‡i− (Abyaveb)
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N GBPGmwewm e¨vsK
i. ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Dbœq‡b
40. RvZxq ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx K‡i? (Abyaveb)
ii. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
K AvšÍR©vwZK Avw_©K m¤ú‡K©i eywbqv` M‡o †Zv‡j
iii. †`kxq gy`ªvi gvb A¶zYœ ivL‡Z
L ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi AvMg‡bi wnmve iv‡L
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwˇZ KvR K‡i
K i I ii L i I iii
 Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b miKvi‡K civgk© †`q
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  313
55. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨Ñ (Abyaveb) K FY`vb  FY wbqš¿Y
i. mwVK cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i M F‡Yi e¨envi N F‡Yi bxwZ
ii. cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb K‡i 66. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kb evRv‡ii A_© mieiv‡ni n«vm-e„w× K‡i? (Abyaveb)
iii. miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i K ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv gvb e„w×i Rb¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L gy`ªvùxwZ e„w×i Rb¨
K i I ii L i I iii M RbM‡Yi µq ÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  gy`ªvi gvb Z_v µq ÿgZv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨
56. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb K‡i− (Abyaveb) 67. †Kvb e¨vsK g~j¨¯Íi‡K w¯’wZkxj iv‡L? (Ávb)
i. wewfbœ cÖKí cÖYqb K‡i K wewb‡qvM e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
ii. e¨emvqx‡`i FY w`‡q M ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
iii. M„nxZ cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g 68. †Kv‡bv †`‡ki gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©i K‡i? (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRv‡f©i Ici
K i I ii  i I iii L e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Ici
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M FY wbqš¿‡Yi Ici

57. D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki c`‡ÿc¸‡jv n‡jv− (Abyaveb) N ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi µq-weµ‡qi Ici

i. ewn©we‡k¦i mv‡_ m¤úK© iÿv 69. h‡_vchy³ e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z F‡Yi Z`viwK K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? (Ávb)
ii. g~jab evRvi MVb I cwiPvjbv K wewbgq e¨vsK L gv‡P©›U e¨vsK

iii. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb M kvLv e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 70. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewj ewnfz©Z KvR †KvbwU? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii  Znwej msiÿY L †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb

M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb N FY wbqš¿Y


71. iƒcv e¨vsKwU AcÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i Zvij¨ msK‡U
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi c‡o| wbcv e¨vsKwU iƒcv e¨vsKwUi FY Z`viwK K‡i g›` ZvwjKvq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 58 I 59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : AšÍfz©³ Kij| GLv‡b wbcv e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? (cÖ‡qvM)
K we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
D e¨vsK RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i FY cÖ`vb KiZ| wKš‘ †`‡ki
M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N mgevq e¨vsK
miKvi e¨vsKwU‡K †bvU I gy`ªv Bmy¨ Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`q| miKv‡ii KvRwU
Ges AvgvbZ I FY`v‡bi KvRwU GKB mv‡_ Kiv D e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ m¤¢e bv 72. miKvi Avw_©K msK‡Ui mgq †Kvb e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i _v‡K? (Abyaveb)
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
nIqvq e¨vsKwU c~‡e©i KvRwU †Q‡o †`q|
M MÖvgxY e¨vsK N wewbgq e¨vsK
58. D e¨vs‡Ki aib cwiewZ©Z n‡q †Kvb e¨vs‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
K wewb‡qvM e¨vs‡K  †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K
73. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii F‡Yi Drm ejvi KviY Kx? (Abyaveb)
K e¨vswKs wbqgbxwZ‡Z eva¨evaKZv Av‡Q e‡j
M †emiKvwi e¨vs‡K N we‡klvwqZ e¨vs‡K
 miKv‡ii msK‡Ui mgq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY cÖ`vb K‡i
59. eZ©gv‡b D e¨vsKwUi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU nIqv DwPZ? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
M miKv‡ii mKj UvKv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY †bq e‡j
K gybvdv AR©b  RbKj¨vY
N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv miKvi‡K FY †`q bv e‡j
M FY cÖ`vb N AvgvbZ MÖnY
74. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii Znwe‡ji msiÿK ejv nq? (Ávb)
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj  c„ôv Ñ120 K miKvwi e¨vsK L mvaviY e¨vsK
M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 75. evsjv‡`k miKvi `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b Avw_©K Aby`v‡bi Rb¨ Bivb
miKvi‡K cÖ¯Íve w`‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î mnvqZv cÖvwßi KvRwU evsjv‡`k
60. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? (Ávb) miKvi †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Øviv m¤úv`b Ki‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
K2 4 K evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK
M6 N8 L cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK
61. †`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡b GKgvÎ ÿgZv cÖvß cÖwZôvb †KvbwU? (Ávb)  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L GKK e¨vsK N †`‡k Aew¯’Z †h †Kv‡bv we‡`wk e¨vsK
M AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK N gv‡P©›U e¨vsK 76. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve msiÿY K‡i _v‡K? (Ávb)
62. †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK? [m. †ev. Õ15] K jvf-†jvKmvb wnmve L weµq wnmve
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L RbZv e¨vsK  Avq-e¨q wnmve N Avw_©K Ae¯’vi weeiYx
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N AMÖYx e¨vsK 77. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kvi cÿ n‡q Af¨šÍixY I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡qi
63. evsjv‡`‡k Guardian of the Money Market ejv nq †Kvb †jb‡`b K‡i _v‡K? (Ávb)
e¨vsK‡K? (Ávb) K e¨emvqx‡`i L RbM‡Yi
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK‡K L wek¦ e¨vsK‡K M wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i  miKv‡ii
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K N evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK‡K 78. ÔHandle Govt. TransactionÕ K_vwU †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨
64. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| G FY wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡hvR¨? (Ávb)
Ab¨Zg c×wZ †KvbwU? (Abyaveb) K mÂqx e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
 ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv L msev`c‡Î weÁvcb cÖ`vb M eÜwK e¨vsK N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
M wek¦e¨vs‡Ki civgk© MÖnY N Aaxb¯’ e¨vsKmg~‡ni gZvgZ MÖnY 79. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv µq-weµ‡qi KvRwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kvi n‡q K‡i
65. X e¨vsKwU FY mieivn bv Ki‡jI F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨¯Í‡i eRvq _v‡K? (Abyaveb)
ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| G KvRwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î cÖfve K we‡`‡ki  †`‡ki
we¯Ívi K‡i| GLv‡b e¨vsKwUi †Kvb Kv‡Ri K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) M RbM‡Yi N e¨emvqxi
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  314
80. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Abyaveb) 95. 2015 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i X e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n‡K wewfbœ
 A_©‰bwZK bxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g ai‡bi w`K wb‡`©kbv I civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb
L wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi gva¨‡g Ki‡jv| GLv‡b X †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? (cÖ‡qvM)
M miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ F‡Yi Z`viwKi gva¨‡g K we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L kvLv e¨vsK
N Af¨šÍixY I AvšÍR©vwZK †jb‡`b m¤úv`‡bi gva¨‡g  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
81. ÔCoordination Maintainance of different StatisticsÕ welqwU 96. kwdK GKRb e¨vsK MÖvnK| wZwb cÖwZ gv‡m †ek wKQz UvKv Rgv
†Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b? (Ávb) iv‡L GKwU e¨vs‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e kwd‡Ki ¯^v_©
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki L †fv³v e¨vs‡Ki msiÿ‡Y f‚wgKv iv‡L? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
M AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vs‡Ki N ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡Ki  evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n †_‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Znwej msiÿY K‡i
82. †Kvb e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa I Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L? (Ávb) L kwd‡Ki UvKv msiÿ‡Yi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q
K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK L e„nËg e¨vsK M mwÂZ UvKvi Ici wegv Kivi gva¨‡g
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g
83. M †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK C| GwU †m †`‡ki Znwej msiÿY I 97. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Ávb)
ZË¡veavb, FY`vb I civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î C e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb  Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨ e¨vs‡Ki
KvR‡K Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) L mvaviY RbM‡Yi
 miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR L Avw_©K †jb‡`b wb®úwËi KvR M wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi
M Znwej msiÿ‡Yi KvR N †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR N Ab¨vb¨ mgvR Kj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôv‡bi
84. me e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi †Kvb cÖwZôvb? (Ávb) 98. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b f‚wgKv iv‡L? (Abyaveb)
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi †mev e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
M †mvbvjx e¨vsK N K…wl e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g
85. †Kvb e¨vsK bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i? (Ávb) M GKK wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N †Rjvq †Rjvq e¨vsK cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g
M ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK N ivóªxq e¨vsK 99. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Ri ewnfz©Z? (Abyaveb)
86. Rbve nviæb GKRb cÖevmx wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k GKwU e¨vsK cÖwZôv K gy`ªv cÖPjb Kiv L FY wbqš¿Y
Ki‡Z Pvb| G‡ÿ‡Î Kvi Aby‡gv`b cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) M wK¬qvwis nvDR  FY cÖ`vb
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 100. cÖZ¨qbcÎ †Lvjvi Rb¨ Kvi Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z nq? (Abyaveb)
M we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
87. evsjv e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg ¯^bvgab¨ GKwU kvLv e¨vsK| M gv‡P©›U e¨vsK N wkí e¨vsK
m¤cÖwZ †b·Kvbvq kvLv ¯’vc‡b e¨vsKwU D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î 101. †Kvb e¨vsK M‡elYv I Dbœqbg~jK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i? (Ávb)
bZzb kvLv ¯’vc‡b Kvi Aby‡gv`b cÖ‡qvRb n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki L †b·Kvbvq Aew¯’Z mKj e¨vs‡Ki M AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK N wewb‡qvM e¨vsK
M hveZxq ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡Ki N ivóªxq e¨vsKmg~‡ni 102. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e evRv‡i cÖ`Ë F‡Yi h_v‡hvM¨ Drcv`bkxj
88. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g Kx K‡i? (Abyaveb) e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i? (Abyaveb)
K K…lK‡`i FY cÖ`vb K‡i K ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y K‡i L g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj †i‡L
L AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v mwµq iv‡L  F‡Yi e¨envi wbwðZ K‡i N e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb K‡i
 e¨vsK Uz e¨vsK †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i
N wb‡Ri Znwe‡j UvKv Rgv iv‡L enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
89. Avwgb wmwU e¨vs‡Ki GKwU †PK b¨vkbvj e¨vs‡K Rgv w`j| G `yB 103. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR− (Abyaveb)
e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwˇZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡e †Kvb e¨vsK? (cÖ‡qvM) i. †`‡ki gy`ªv gvb wbqš¿Y Kiv
K evsjv e¨vsK L igv e¨vsK
ii. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK
iii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv wbqš¿Y
90. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi Kx ejv nq? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 †kl Avkªq¯’j L wbKvk Ni
K i I ii L i I iii
M FY Av`vqKvix N FY`vbKvix e¨vsK
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
91. ÔLender of the last resortÕ ejv nq Kv‡K? (Ávb) 104. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i- (Abyaveb)
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K L wek¦ e¨vsK‡K
i. 2 UvKv
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK‡K
ii. 5 UvKv
92. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i? (Abyaveb) iii. 10 UvKv
 mymsMwVZ wbqg bxwZ Øviv L K‡Vvi wb‡`©‡ki gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M miKvwi wb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g N Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
K i I ii L i I iii
93. †Kvb e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i? (Ávb)  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L MÖvgxY e¨vsK
105. m„wói ci †_‡KB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q- (Abyaveb)
M wek¦ e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
i. gy`ªv cÖPjb
94. evsjv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki hveZxq wnmvecÎ cixÿv- ii. A_© mieivn
wbixÿv K‡i _v‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖwZôvbwU? (Ávb) iii. FY wbqš¿Y
K A_© gš¿Yvjq  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M miKv‡ii AwWU wefvM N †mvbvjx e¨vsK
K i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
106. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m„ó mnR wewbgq gva¨g n‡”Q− (Abyaveb)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  315
i. gy`ªv 114. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK K…wl e¨vsK‡K FY w`‡q− (Abyaveb)
ii. ûwÛ i. Drcv`b m¤ú„³ K…wl‡K mnvqZv K‡i
iii. Rgvi nvi ii. K…wl I K…l‡Ki Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. K…wl †hb wkí‡K mnvqZv K‡i Zv wbwðZ K‡i
 i I ii L i I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii
107. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wbqš¿Y K‡i− (cÖ‡qvM)
115. K…wl QvovI evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Dbœqb Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ AšÍfz©³ n‡jv−(Abyaveb)
i. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ e¨envi K‡i
i. mvaviY e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ wbqg-bxwZ cÖYqb
ii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ e¨envi K‡i
iii. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b K‡i ii. †`kxq gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi w¯’wZkxj ivLv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. ev¯ÍewfwËK Avw_©K cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv
K i I ii L i I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii
108. miKv‡ii n‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kvh©µg¸‡jv n‡jv− (Abyaveb) M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. Znwej msiÿY 116. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K RvZxq A_©bxwZi mœvqy‡K›`ª ejv nq| KviY− (Abyaveb)
ii. we‡`‡k UvKv †cÖiY i. gy`ªvi mwVK e¨e¯’vcbv K‡i
iii. Ab¨ mKj m¤ú` msiÿY ii. gy`ªvi gvb I ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© wbqš¿Y K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. miKv‡ii Dbœqbg~jK cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb K‡i
K i I ii  i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii
109. bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôvq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KiYxq n‡jv− (Abyaveb)
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. e¨vsK cÖwZôvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb
ii. e¨vs‡K A_© cÖ`vb
117. †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK− (Abyaveb)
i. bZzb kvLv I e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡g mnvqZv K‡i
iii. e¨vsK‡K ZvwjKvfz³Ki‡Yi KvR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. bxwZ-†KŠkj wba©viY I ev¯Íevqb K‡i
K i I ii  i I iii iii. e¨vsK cÖwZôv I cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv K‡i
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
110. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †gŠwjK KvR n‡jv− (Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii

i. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wba©viY M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

ii. gy`ªvgvb msiÿY 118. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK A_©‰bwZK M‡elYv Kivi gva¨‡g− (Abyaveb)
iii. †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb i. miKv‡ii Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb m¤úbœ K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Kivi cÖqvm Pvjvq
K i I ii L i I iii iii. gy`ªvevRvi cwiPvjbv K‡i
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
111. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKvi‡K− (Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii
i. ¯^í‡gqvw` FY †`q M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. ga¨‡gqvw` FY †`q 119. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e− (Abyaveb)
iii. `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q i. Avw_©K †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y K‡i
K i I ii L i I iii iii. wnmve msiÿY K‡i
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
112. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wewfbœ †`k-we‡`‡ki mv‡_−(Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii
i. FY cÖ`v‡b mn‡hvwMZv K‡i M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. cÖ‡qvRbxq Pzw³ I †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i
120. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK m¤úbœ K‡i− (Abyaveb)
iii. †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv K‡i
i. FY Av`vq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. wnmve wbixÿY
K i I ii L i I iii
iii. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ Dbœqb
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
113. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbvi ¯^v‡_©
K i I ii L i I iii
wewfbœ ai‡bi− (Abyaveb)
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`q
121. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h mKj c×wZ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K
ii. Z_¨ mieivn K‡i
e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv n‡jv− (Abyaveb)
iii. civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i
i. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
K i I ii L i I iii
iii. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  316
Ki I ii L i I iii 129. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewj- (cÖ‡qvM)
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii i. miKv‡ii A_© I m¤ú‡`i Znwej msiÿY
122. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj n‡jv− (Abyaveb) ii. hveZxq Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve msiÿY
i. gy`ªvi ˆe‡`wkK g~j¨ wbqš¿Y iii. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv
ii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi gvb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. †`kxq gy`ªvi m¤§vbRbK nvi m„wó K i I ii L i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K i I ii  i I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
130. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY− (D”PZi `ÿZv)
i. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôvi AbygwZ †`q
123. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z mvnv‡h¨ K‡i− (Abyaveb)
ii. civgk© I ga¨¯’ZvKvwi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
i. wewfbœ Dc‡`k w`‡q
ii. bvbvb civgk© cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g iii. bZzb kvLv †Lvjvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i
iii. e„wË cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii  i I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 131. Asian Development Bank (ADB) M e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g B
124. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wkí Dbœq‡b †h mKj mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡K Zv e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i| Gi †cQ‡b hyw³ n‡Z cv‡i− (D”PZi `ÿZv)
n‡jv− (Abyaveb) i. M e¨vsK B †`‡ki GKgvÎ e¨vsK
i. wkí wewb‡qv‡M Drmvng~jK mn‡hvwMZv ii. M e¨vsK B †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
ii. m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb iii. M e¨vsK B †`‡ki e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcbKvix e¨vsK
iii. mKj bxwZ wba©viYmn FY mn‡hvwMZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii  i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
125. mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK− (Abyaveb)
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
i. DbœwZ mva‡bi Dcvq D™¢veb K‡i _v‡K wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 132 I 133 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ii. cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb miKvi cÙv †mZz wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Rvcv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³e×
iii. M‡elYv Kvh©µg cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K nIqvq Rvcvb †_‡K cÖvß Aby`vb X e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L| GQvovI Ab¨vb¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? we‡`wk cÖvß A_© we‡`wk e¨vsK¸‡jv X e¨vs‡K cvVvq| GiciI AviI 25%
K i I ii L i I iii NvUwZ A_© X e¨vsK miKvi‡K FY wn‡m‡e †`q|
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 132. DÏxc‡K X e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb f‚wgKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
K Dbœq‡bi Askx`vi L F‡Yi †kl Avkªq¯’j
126. Rbve gvneye GKRb wkícwZ| MvRxcy‡i Zvi cÖwZwôZ e¨vs‡Ki GKwU
M e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi  miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi
kvLv Pvjy Ki‡Z Pvb| †mRb¨ Zvi KiYxq n‡”Q− (cÖ‡qvM)
133. Rvcvb miKv‡ii mv‡_ cÙv †mZz msµvšÍ Pzw³i Rb¨ X e¨vsK Mf©bi‡K
i. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`b MÖnY
hw` `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq Z‡e GwU H e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb KvR n‡e? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
ii. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfy³ nIqv
K miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv  miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa
iii. F‡Yi e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv
M miKv‡ii wnmve iÿv N miKv‡ii bxwZ cÖYqbKvix
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 134 I 135 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 i I ii L i I iii
†bKm e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK wn‡m‡e G‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Ab¨vb¨
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vs‡Ki MV‡b, Rgv I FY`vb Av`v‡q wbKvk I wnmve wbixÿvi mnvqZv
127. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii c‡ÿ †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K- (Abyaveb) K‡i| wec‡`i mgq G e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K civgk©I †`q| 2008 mv‡j †bKm
i. Af¨šÍixY ch©v‡q e¨vsK †bvqvLvjx †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK‡K G ai‡bi mnvqZv †`q wb|
ii. AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q 134. DÏxc‡K †bKm e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb f‚wgKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. ïay †emiKvwi ch©v‡q K †`‡ki cÖavb I †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L FY`v‡bi †kl Avkªq¯’j
 i I ii L i I iii  Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii N miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi

128. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewji AšÍfz©³− (Abyaveb) 135. †bKm e¨vsK †bvqvLvjx †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK‡K mnvqZv bv Kivi
i. mnR wewbgq gva¨g m„wó KviY n‡Z cv‡iÑ (D”PZi `ÿZv)
ii. g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv i. GwU AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK
ii. GwU GKwU mgevq e¨vsK
iii. gy`ªvi µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y
iii. GwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii  i I iii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  317
wbe©vnx cwiPvjK
K L A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv  c„ôvÑ123 gnve¨e¯’vcK
M  †WcywU Mfb©i
153. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Kg©KvʇK wefvMwfwËK KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
n‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
136. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mvaviYZ †Kvb ai‡bi gvwjKvbvq _v‡K? (Ávb) K6 L7
K †emiKvwi  miKvwi M8 9
M AvšÍR©vwZK N e¨w³MZ
137. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? (Ávb) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L †m›Uªvj e¨vsK
154. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cl©‡`i m`m¨ nIqvi Rb¨ †h AwfÁZvi
M †mvbvjx e¨vsK N MYZvwš¿K e¨vsK
cÖ‡qvRb Zv n‡jv− (Abyaveb)
138. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki gvwjKvbv wKiƒc? (Ávb)
i. A_©bxwZi wel‡q we‡klÁ
 miKvwi L †emiKvwi
ii. ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡
M ¯^vqËkvwmZ N †hŠ_
iii. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki EaŸ©Zb †_‡K g‡bvbxZ
139. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i KZ Zvwi‡L? (Ávb)
K 16 wW‡m¤^i  31 A‡±vei
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii
M 22 †g N 24 gvP©
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
140. ivóªcwZi KZ bs Aa¨v‡`k Øviv evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg ïiæ nq?(Ávb)
K 120 bs Aa¨v‡`k  127 bs Aa¨v‡`k 155. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv wbe©vnx cÖavb‡K mnvqZv K‡i− (Abyaveb)
M 132 bs Aa¨v‡`k N 141 bs Aa¨v‡`k i. †WcywU Mfb©i
141. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c~e©eZ©x bvg †KvbwU? (Ávb) ii. wbe©vnx cwiPvjK
K w` e¨vsK Ae evsjv‡`k L evsjv‡`k e¨vsK iii. A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv
M w` b¨vkbvj e¨vsK Ae evsjv‡`k  †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ívb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
142. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖ_g †Kv_vq e¨vswKs Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i? (Ávb) K i I ii L i I iii
 †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ív‡bi XvKv¯’ Mfb©‡ii Kvh©vj‡q M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
L fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vj‡q 156. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ| GB
M eZ©gvb wkí e¨vsK Kvh©vj‡q e¨vsK- (D”PZi `ÿZv)
N cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©‡ii Kvh©vj‡q i. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq
143. KLb †_‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K GKwU ¯’vqx I Kvh©Ki e¨vsK wn‡m‡e ii. †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq
†NvlYv Kiv nq? (Ávb) iii. GKwU cwiPvjbv cwil` Øviv wbqwš¿Z
 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i L 1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M 1975 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi N 1980 mv‡ji 27 gvP© K i I ii  i I iii
144. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Kx? (Ávb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

K MÖvgxY e¨vsK L †mvbvjx e¨vsK


Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N RbZv e¨vsK
145. miKv‡ii wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 157 I 158 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L †mvbvjx e¨vsK Mfb©i
M AMÖYx e¨vsK N RbZv e¨vsK
146. evsjv‡`‡k bZzb †bvU Bmy¨i `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? (Abyaveb) †WcywU Mfb©i
K mgevq e¨vsK  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
M †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ívb N †mvbvjx e¨vsK
147. †KvbwUi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wbqwš¿Z nq? (Ávb)
 cwiPvjbv cl©` L cÖwZwbwa cl©` wbe©vnx cwiPvjK A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv
M D”P cÖwZwbwa cl©` N A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv cl©`
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki MVbI e¨e¯’vcbv
148. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e †K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib? (Ávb)
K †WcywU Mfb©i L wbe©vnx cwiPvjK
157. †WcywU Mfb©i KZ Rb _v‡K? (cÖ‡qvM)
K2 4
M A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv  Mfb©i
M6 N8
149. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †WcywU Mfb©i KZRb? (Ávb)
K2 L3
158. wbe©vnx cwiPvjK I A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óvi c‡ii av‡c wb‡qvwRZ
4 N5 _v‡K− (D”PZi `ÿZv)
150. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K wbe©vnx cwiPvj‡Ki msL¨v KZRb? (Ávb) i. gnve¨e¯’vcK
K 4 Rb L 6 Rb ii. wm‡÷g e¨e¯’vcK
M 10 Rb  12 Rb iii. cÖavb iÿYv‡eÿY cÖ‡KŠkjx
151. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv KZRb? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 1 Rb L 2 Rb  i I ii L i I iii

M 3 Rb N 4 Rb M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

152. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Mfb©‡ii cieZ©x c`gh©v`vq Kvi Ae¯’vb? (Ávb)


beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  318
L e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbvi Ici
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úK©  c„ôv Ñ 125 M e¨vsK KZ…©K miKvi‡K cÖ`Ë †mevi Ici
 e¨vs‡Ki gvwjKvbvi Ici
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi 174. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ga¨Kvi m¤úK©wU‡K Kx ejv nq? (Abyaveb)
159. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwËi †ÿ‡Î Kx wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv K e¨vsK- MÖvnK  e¨vsKvi-g‡°j
nq? (Abyaveb) M g‡°j-e¨vsKvi N e¨vsKvi-e¨vsK
K wnmveiÿK  wbKvk Ni
M civgk©`vZv N ga¨¯’ZvKvix
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
160. evwYwR¨K I †K›`ªxq e¨vsKmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Kvh©weeiYxi gva¨‡g †KvbwU 175. evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Kvh©weeiYx cvVv‡Z n‡e− (Abyaveb)
M‡o I‡V? (Ávb) i. cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡m
K eÜzZ¡  †mZzeÜb
ii. cÖ‡Z¨K mßv‡n
M wbf©ikxjZv N e¨emvq
iii. cÖ‡Z¨K eQ‡i
161. †KvbwU miKv‡ii Z_¨ mieivnKvix e¨vsK? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK N †ewmK e¨vsK
176. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K †h mKj Z_¨ mieivn K‡i _v‡K− (Abyaveb)
162. †Kvb e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖavb cÖKí mnvqK? (Ávb)
i. †`k-we‡`‡ki A_© evRvi
K ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK L †ewmK e¨vsK
ii. A_©bxwZ
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
iii. MÖvnK msL¨v
163. Zvij¨ iÿv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K I †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†KvbwUi m„wó nq? (Abyaveb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K L‡Ïi m¤úK©  wb‡`©kK m¤úK©
177. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e †`‡k-we‡`‡k− (Abyaveb)
M iÿxZv m¤úK© N Pjgvb m¤úK©
i. cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR K‡i
164. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Kx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? (Ávb)
ii. FY cÖ`vb K‡i
K m`m¨ L M‡elK
iii. †`bv-cvIbvi wb®úwË K‡i
 AwffveK N gnvkq
165. Rb e¨vs‡Ki GKwU ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK n‡jv wbie e¨vsK| wbie wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii
e¨vsK K…wlLv‡Z FY †`‡e wKbv G wel‡q Rb e¨vs‡Ki civgk© PvB‡j
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
e¨vsKwU A‡bK Dc‡`k I civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| GLv‡b Df‡qi
ga¨Kvi †Kvb m¤úK©wU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) 178. †K›`ª xq e¨vsK miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e− (Abyaveb)
K e¨vsKvi I g‡°j  AwffveK I m`m¨ i. ms¯‹… w Zi Dbœ q ‡b civgk© †`q
M wbqš¿K I wbqwš¿Z N †`bv`vi I cvIbv`vi ii. wkí-evwY‡R¨i Dbœq‡b civgk© †`q
166. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯’j †KvbwU? (Ávb) iii. A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b civgk© †`q
K ¯^vqËkvwmZ e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M LyPiv e¨vsK N MÖvgxY e¨vsK K i I ii L i I iii
167. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†KvbwUi cÖ‡qvRb? (Ávb) 179. ZvwjKvfz³ kZ©vbyhvqx Zxi e¨vsK Zvi Rgv Avgvb‡Zi 10% b`x
K cixwÿZ nIqv L wbe©vwPZ nIqv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ m¤úK© n‡jv− (D”PZi `ÿZv)
M Avw_©K mvnv‡h¨i  m`m¨ nIqv i. b`x e¨vsK Zxi e¨vs‡Ki A‡_©i wbivc` msiÿK
168. wbjq e¨vsK †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK n‡Z 500 †KvwU UvKv FY wb‡q‡Q| ii. Zxi e¨vsK b`x e¨vs‡Ki wbKU AvgvbZKvix wn‡m‡e MY¨
G‡ÿ‡Î wbjq e¨vsK‡K †KvbwU ejv nq? (cÖ‡qvM) iii. b`x e¨vsK Zxi e¨vs‡Ki wbKU AvgvbZKvix wn‡m‡e MY¨
K e¨vsKvi  g‡°j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK N †`bv`vi  i I ii L i I iii
169. m~hg© yLx e¨vsK wj. Avgvb‡Zi 7% wgg e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L| GK mgq M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
m~hg© yLx e¨vsK Zvij¨ msK‡U co‡j wgg e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i| 180. †`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi− (Abyaveb)
Gi d‡j wgg e¨vsK I m~h©gyLx e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb m¤ú‡K©i ewntcÖKvk i. GKK wbqš¿K n‡jv ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jv
N‡U‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
ii. †jb‡`b K‡i ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jv
 e¨vsKvi I g‡°j L AwffveK I m`m¨
iii. GKK wbqš¿K n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M †`bv`vi I cvIbv`vi N wbqš¿K I wbqwš¿Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
170. †Kvb e¨vsK M‡elYv I Dbœqbg~jK Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK N miKvwi e¨vsK
171. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi bxwZ I cwiKíbv Kxfv‡e ev¯Íevqb K‡i? (Abyaveb) Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g L cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i gva¨‡g
M e¨vs‡Ki g~ja‡bi gva¨‡g N FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 181 I 182 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
172. mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq †KvbwU‡K? (Ávb) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †`‡k cÖwZwôZ mKj e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg GB
K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K L wewbgq e¨vsK‡K e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kvewj Abyhvqx wbqwš¿Z nq| evwYwR¨K I AevwYwR¨K
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K N ¯^vqËkvwmZ e¨vsK‡K meai‡bi e¨vs‡Ki e¨vswKs Kvh©vewj myk„•Ljfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq, G‡ÿ‡Î
173. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ miKv‡ii m¤úK© †Kgb n‡e Zv wK‡mi Ici AwffveK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki h‡_ó `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q|
wbf©i K‡i? (Abyaveb) 181. wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q DwjøwLZ `yB ai‡bi
K e¨vs‡Ki cwi‡kvwaZ g~ja‡bi Ici e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ Kx m„wó nq? (cÖ‡qvM)
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  319
 we‡kl m¤úK© wbqš¿Yg~jK m¤úK©
L M ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi ZË¡veav‡b
M wb‡`©kg~jK m¤úK© AvBbMZ Ø›Ø
N N wbqwgZ e¨vs‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb‡`i mv‡_ ˆeVK K‡i
182. AwffveK‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjbKvix e¨vsKwU− (D”PZi `ÿZv) 189. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`kxq gy`ªvi w¯’wZkxjZv msiÿ‡Yi †Póv Pvjvq
i. †`‡ki gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK Kxfv‡e? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
ii. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZôvb  ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g
iii. evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb L †`‡ki Avw_©K k„•Ljv iÿvi gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M Zvij¨ iÿv e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g
K i I ii L i I iii N mgvR MV‡b †`kxq gy`ªvi Ici DØ„× K‡i
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡k
190. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqbmn evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖavbZ− (Abyaveb)
e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKv  c„ôv Ñ126 i. †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i
ii. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯’vcb
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii. miKv‡ii wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡i
183. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g FY weZi‡Y evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †KvbwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ev¯Íevqb K‡i? (Ávb) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³ ¯^vÿi L m¤ú` ev¯Íevqb Pzw³ 191. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK A_©bxwZ Ges cwimsL¨vb msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖKvkbvi
M ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨  miKv‡ii bxwZ gva¨‡g mRvM iv‡L− (Abyaveb)
184. evsjv‡`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki kvLv¸‡jv‡K AvBbk„•L‡j Ave× iv‡L i. RbMY‡K ii. mswkøó wefvM‡K
†KvbwU? (Ávb) iii. mswkøó `dZi‡K
 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L †mvbvjx e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M mvsMVwbK e¨vsK N Bmjvgx e¨vsK
185. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb Kg©KvÊ wewfbœ w`Kwb‡`©kbvq f‚wgKv iv‡L? (Ávb) 192. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK f‚wgKv iv‡L− (Abyaveb)
 M‡elYvg~jK L cÖPvig~jK i. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Li‡P ii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv n¯ÍvšÍ‡i
M A_©bxwZg~jK N †mevg~jK
iii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv ¯’vbvšÍ‡i
186. Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói gva¨‡g †KvbwU `~ixKiY m¤¢e? (Ávb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K wejvwmZv  †eKviZ¡
193. meyi MÖv‡gi Ae‡nwjZ †kÖwYi `wi`ª Pvlx| ¯^cœxj e¨vsK †h mKj Z`viwKi
M m„RbkxjZv N `ÿZv
187. †`‡ki Avw_©K k„•Ljv iÿvq m‡Pó †KvbwU? (Ávb)
gva¨‡g G †kÖwY‡K A_©‰bwZK gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i Zv n‡jv− (cÖ‡qvM)
i. cwjø FY cÖKí
K MÖvgxY e¨vsK L †ewmK e¨vsK
ii. we‡kl FY cÖKí
M ˆe‡`wkK e¨vsK  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
iii. evwYwR¨K FY cÖKí
188. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Zvi Aaxb¯’ e¨vsKmg~n‡K AvB‡bi k„•L‡j Ave× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K‡i iv‡L Kxfv‡e? (Abyaveb)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 e¨vsKmg~‡ni kvLv cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡g
L †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi †jvKej Øviv

wewf bœ ¯‹z‡ j i wbe©v wPZ enyw be©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi


194. KZ kZ‡K gy`ªv evRvi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q? M wewb‡qvM e¨vsK N wewbgq e¨vsK
[evsjv‡`k gwnjv evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq I K‡jR, PÆMÖvg] 198. evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb e¨vsK †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb K‡i _v‡K?
mß`k L Ebwesk [Abœ`v miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq, eªvþYevwoqv]
MØv`k N ·qv`k K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L AMÖYx e¨vsK
195. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK- [e¸ov miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq]] M iƒcvjx e¨vsK  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K †m›Uªvj e¨vsK  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 199. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx? [Kzwóqv wRjv ¯‹zj]
M b¨vkbvj e¨vsK N wek¦ e¨vsK K e¨w³¯^v‡_©i Kj¨vY L miKv‡ii Kj¨vY
196. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e †`kxq gy`ªvi gvb A¶zYœ iv‡L? M gybvdv AR©b  RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY
[AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj G¨vÛ K‡jR, gwZwSj, XvKv] 200. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewji AšÍfz©³?
K †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i [ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv]
 ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y K‡i K wbKvk Ni L Znwej msiÿY

M miKvi‡K wewbgq civgk© w`‡q M eva¨Zvg~jK Znwej msiÿY  gy`ªvi µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y

N m¤ú‡`i mymg eÈb K‡i


201. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, Kg© K vʇK wefvMwfwËK KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq?
[bIqve dqRy‡bœQv miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjh, Kzwgjøv]
197. †Kvb e¨vsK A‡_©i gvb wba©vi‡Y f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? K 6wU L 7wU M 8wU  9wU
[gwZwSj miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv]
202. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e †K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib?
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L evwYwR¨K e¨vsK [e¸ov wRjv ¯‹zj]
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  320
K†Pqvig¨vb L e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK iii. wewb‡qvM K‡i
Mfb©i N †cÖwm‡W›U wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
203. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c~e© bvg Kx? [b¨vkbvj AvBWqvj ¯‹zj, wLjMuvI, XvKv]  i I ii L i I iii
 †÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯Ívb L †÷U e¨vsK Ae B÷ cvwK¯Ívb M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M w` e¨vsK Ae B÷ cvwK¯Ívb N w` e¨vsK Ae evsjv‡`k 214. †K›`ª xq e¨vsK gy` ª v ùxwZ n« v m K‡i- [Mft gymwjg nvB¯‹zj, PÆMÖvg]
204. †Kvb e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i- i. e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q
[b¨vkbvj AvBWqvj ¯‹zj, wLjMuvI, XvKv] ii. e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q
 †mvbvjx e¨vsK L AMÖYx e¨vsK iii. Rgvi nvi evwo‡q
M RbZv e¨vsK N DËiv e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
205. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq? K i I ii  i I iii
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, †gv‡gbkvnx] M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K †emiKvwi  miKvwi 215. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h c×wZi gva¨‡g FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K- [e¸ov wRjv ¯‹zj]
M we‡`wk N ¯^vqËkvwmZ i. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ
206. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Kg©KvʇK wefvMwfwËK KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv ii. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
n‡q‡Q? [avbgwÊ Mft evjK we`¨vjq, XvKv] iii. ˆbwZK cÖ‡ivPbv
K 8 Rb L 10 Rb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 12 Rb N 14 Rb K i I ii L i I iii

207. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi bxwZ I cwiKíbv Kvi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb K‡i? M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
[exi‡kªô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv] 216. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK my`nvi e„w× Kivi d‡jÑ
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L K…wl e¨vsK [exi‡kªô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv]
M wkí e¨vsK N miKvi e¨vsK i. evRv‡i A‡_© i cwigvY n« v m cvq
208. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wK‡mi gva¨‡g GK e¨vs‡Ki m‡½ Av‡iK e¨vs‡Ki ii. gy`ªvùxwZ n«vm cvq
†jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i? [gwZwSj g‡Wj nvB¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv] iii. `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm cvq
 wbKvk Ni L mvwjk †K›`ª
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M KwgwU N cl©`
209. wgt kwd eª¨vK e¨vs‡Ki GKwU †PK Zvi wnmve RbZv e¨vs‡K Rgv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 217 I 218 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
w`j| †PKwU †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g msM„nxZ n‡e? mß`k kZvãxi gv‡S c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve
[exi‡kªô K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj, XvKv] nIqvq gy`ªv evRvi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
K †mvbvjx e¨vsK L evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Rb¥jvf K‡i| [ewikvj wRjv ¯‹zj]
 RbZv e¨vsK N RbZv e¨vsK I evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 217. KZ kZvãx‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve N‡U?
210. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ  mß`k L Aóv`k M Ebwesk N wesk
[Av‡gbv-evKx †iwm‡WwÝqvj g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, w`bvRcyi] 218. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i-
i. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb i. gy`ªvevRv‡ii wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e
ii. Znwej msiÿY ii. †bvU I gy`ªv wn‡m‡e
iii. gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y iii. wej evÆv K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
211. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsK ejv nq, KviY- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 219 I 220 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
[mvfvi K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR]
†jKm e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK wn‡m‡e G‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Ab¨vb¨
i. GwU wewfbœ g~j¨vgv‡bi KvMwR †bvU I avZe gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i
e¨vs‡Ki MV‡b, Rgv I FY`vb Av`v‡q wbKvk I wnmve wbixÿvq mnvqZv
ii. GwU miKv‡ii c‡ÿ hveZxq DØ„Ë Znwej I m¤ú` msMÖn, msiÿY
K‡i| wec‡`i mgq G e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K civgk©I †`q| 2008 mv‡j †jKm
Ges ZË¡veavb K‡i
e¨vsK †bvqvLvjx †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK‡K G ai‡bi mnvqZv †`q wb|
iii. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv µq-weµq K‡i
[K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, weBDGmGgGm, cve©Zxcyi, w`bvRcyi]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 219. DÏxc‡K †jKm e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb f‚wgKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii  †`‡ki cÖavb I †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L FY`v‡bi †kl Avkªq¯’j
212. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `vwqZ¡ n‡jvÑ [gwZwSj miKvwi evjK D”P we`¨vjq, XvKv] M Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi N miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi
i. gy`ªv cÖPjb 220. †jKm e¨vsK †bvqvLvjx †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK‡K mnvqZv bv Kivi
ii. FY wbqš¿Y KviY n‡Z cv‡i-
iii. A_© mieivn i. GwU AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. GwU GKwU mgevq e¨vsK
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. GwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b bq
213. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb mvab K‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
[exi‡kªô gyÝx Avãyi iDd cvewjK K‡jR, XvKv] K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i
ii. A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb K‡i
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  321

G A a¨v‡q i c vV mg wš ^Z e nyw b e©v Pwb cÖ‡ kœv Ëi


221. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki- (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. gyiweŸ wn‡m‡e  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. wnmve wbixÿvi wn‡m‡e 229. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i- (Abyaveb)
iii. AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© ¯’vcbKvix wn‡m‡e i. miKv‡ii wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. gy`ªvi ˆe‡`wkK g~j¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. e¨vsKmg~‡ni Avw_©K msK‡U FY w`‡q
222. c„w_exi cÖvq me †K›`ªxq e¨vsKB- (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq _v‡K K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
ii. A_©e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q 230. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Zvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
iii. RbKj¨vYg~jK Agybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖwZôvb f‚wgKv ivL‡QÑ (D”PZi `ÿZv)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. †`‡k bZzb bZzb †bvU cÖPjb K‡i
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii. kvLv e„w×i gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó K‡i
223. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i- (Abyaveb) iii. iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©v‡Y mnR k‡Z© miKvi‡K FY w`‡q
i. cÖwZôvi AbygwZ w`‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i Dbœq‡b civgk© w`‡q K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

iii. hveZxq Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve msiÿY K‡i wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 231 I 232 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Rvcvb miKv‡ii wbqš¿Yvaxb X e¨vs‡Ki Mf©bi †`kwU‡Z N‡U hvIqv
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii mybvwgi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óªi Aby`vb MÖn‡Yi Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡iwQj| Rvcvb G A_©
224. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i- (Abyaveb) e¨vsKwUi civg‡k© `xN©‡gqvw` c~b©evm‡bi Rb¨ Kv‡R jvMvq|
i. Avw_©K k„•Ljv iÿvq 231. †Kvb m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y A e¨vsK hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ Pzw³ Ki‡Z
ii. RbM‡Yi A_© I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú` msiÿ‡Y †c‡iwQj? (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. cÖ`Ë av‡ci Drcv`bkxj e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Y K miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L miKvwi cÖK‡í mnvqZvKvix

K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii  miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa

225. wiqvR evsjv‡`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß GKgvÎ N ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi msiÿK

cÖwZôvbwUi wbe©vnx cwiPvjK| Zvi cÖwZôvbwUÑ (cÖ‡qvM) 232. Rvcvb miKv‡ii A e¨vs‡Ki civgk© MÖnY Kivi KviYÑ (D”PZi `ÿZv)
i. miKv‡ii F‡Yi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i i. e¨vsKwU Rvcv‡bi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
ii. †`kxq gy`ªvi gvb A¶zYœ ivL‡Z †Póv K‡i ii. e¨vsKwU Rvcvb miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv
iii. Avgvb‡Zi GKUv Ask evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L iii. Rvcvb miKvi wbiƒcvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
226. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK- (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 233 I 234bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb evsjv‡`k miKvi DËiv d¬vBIfvi wbg©vY Kivi cÖKí MÖnY K‡i‡Q| cÖKí
ii. GKwU cwiPvjbv cl©` Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi wek¦ e¨vsK, ivR¯^ I we‡`wk wewfbœ Aby`vb †_‡K
iii. AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~‡ni Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡i 80% A_© †hvMvo K‡i‡Q| wewfbœ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv †_‡K miKvi FY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? PvB‡j g›`vi Rb¨ Zviv w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 233. d¬vBIfvi wbg©v‡Y Aewkó FY miKvi †Kv_v †_‡K MÖnY Ki‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
227. X e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q M †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ wfwËi  evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
L Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK
Ici `uvo Kiv‡bv| M †`‡ki Dbœq‡b X e¨vsKwU- (cÖ‡qvM)
i. †`k mymsMwVZ gy`ªv evRvi MVb K‡i M AvšÍR©vwZK A_© Znwej

ii. †`‡ki m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb wbwðZ K‡i N AvšÍR©vwZK weªR I †mZz wbg©vY ms¯’v

iii. †`‡ki evB‡i wb‡Ri kvLv ¯’vcb K‡i 234. DÏxc‡Ki FY`vbKvix cÖwZôvbwU evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K G FY †`qvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? KviY n‡Z cv‡i- (D”PZi `ÿZv)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. miKvi‡K FY †`qv eva¨ZvgyjK
228. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi wbqš¿Y eRvq iv‡LÑ (Abyaveb) ii. FY`vbKvix FY`v‡bB †kl Avkªq ¯’j
i. gy`ªv evRv‡i iii. GwU miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi
ii. evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡n wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. miKvwi Znwej e¨e¯’vcbvq K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii

Abykxjbxi m„R bkxj cÖkœ I DËi


œ 1  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk-
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  322
ÔLÕ e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ Rbve Kwig mv‡ne C‡`i Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K bZzb myZivs, ÔKÕ e¨vsK gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki
UvKvi †bvU Zz‡j Avb‡j Zvi 7 eQ‡ii Kb¨v me UvKvi †bv‡Ui Dci Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges Gi Avw_©K msK‡Ui mgq FY
ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki bvg †jLv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z Pvq| cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v mPj iv‡L|
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i? œ 2  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk-
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wiRvf© wnmv‡e Kx Rgv ivgM‡o ¯’vbxq GjvKvq †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK bv _vKvq
iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki| GjvKvevmxiv wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq| G wel‡q cÖkvmb‡K
M. ÔKÕ e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi e¨vsK? e¨vL¨v Ki| AeMZ Ki‡j †mLv‡b ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLv Pvjy nq Ges
N. ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ msK‡U ÔKÕ e¨vsK Kx f‚wgKv GjvKvevmx mK‡jB DcK…Z nq| cieZ©x‡K ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLv
ivL‡e? Av‡jvPbv Ki| Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| wKQyw`b ci †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K e‡Üi
 1bs cª‡kœi DËi  †bvwUk †`q|
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i| K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wK‡mi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wiRvf© wn‡m‡e AvgvbwZ A‡_©i cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i?
GKwU wbw`©ó Ask eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Rgv iv‡L| e¨vs‡Ki L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †KvbwU w¯’wZkxj iv‡L e¨vL¨v Ki|
AvgvbZKvixi ¯^v_©iÿv‡_© Ges ch©vß Zvij¨Zv msiÿ‡Yi M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K †Kb e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q?
D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ‡Z¨K ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K wiRvf© wn‡m‡e e¨vL¨v Ki|
Avgvb‡Zi wbw`©ó Ask Rgv ivL‡Z nq| A_©vr evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N. ivgM‡oi g‡Zv GjvKvq Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ
†hb AvgvbZKvixi mv‡_ cÖZviYv Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨ e¨vsK‡K Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Avgvb‡Zi Ask we‡kl Rgv  2bs cª‡kœi DËi 
ivLvi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i|
M. ÔKÕ e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †`‡ki K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi
me©mvavi‡Yi g½j mvab Kiv| cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K|
†`‡ki A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj iv‡L| KviY Aw¯’wZkxj
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki e¨vsK I gy`ªv e¨e¯’vi †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i| g~j¨¯Íi A_©bxwZ‡Z g›`vfv‡ei m„wó K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK A_©
†`‡ki e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi AwffveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GQvov mieivn Kvg¨¯Í‡i †i‡L A_©evRvi wbqš¿Y K‡i| A_©vr e¨vsK
†`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i e¨vsK †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ
nvi bxwZ, †LvjvevRvi bxwZ, Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b I ˆbwZK
e¨vsKwU miKv‡ii gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwôZ GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK
cÖ‡ivPbvi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY
Agybvdv‡fvMx cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi wbqš¿Y, Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx †bvU I gy`ªv Qvcv‡bv, FY wbqš¿Y I miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y K‡i †`‡ki gy`ªvevRvi‡K w¯’wZkxj iv‡L|
AbyK‚‡j e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv GB e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb M. ÔLÕ e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wewfbœ bxwZ Abymi‡Y e¨_© nIqv
Kvh©vewj| GQvov †`‡ki hveZxq ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ e¨vsK‡K e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q|
e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y I miKv‡ii c‡ÿ e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq| †`‡k
Kivi gva¨‡g ÔKÕ e¨vsK †`‡ki Avw_©K e¨e¯’v Dbœq‡b I mymsMwVZ I wbqš¿Yg~jK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v Pvjy ivLv Gi Ab¨Zg
A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| D‡Ïk¨| bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôvi Aby‡gv`b `vb I wewfbœ bxwZ
myZivs, m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewji wfwˇZ ÔKÕ e¨vsK GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g GwU †`‡ki mg¯Í e¨vswKs e¨emvq wbqš¿Y
N. ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ msK‡U ÔKÕ e¨vsK F‡Yi me©‡kl Avkªq¯’j wn‡m‡e K‡i| DÏxc‡K ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
f‚wgKv ivL‡e| wewfbœ bxwZ Av‡ivc K‡i| †hgb : Avgvb‡Zi wbw`©ó cwigvY
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq| ZvwjKvfz³ I Ask †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivLv, wbqwgZ Kvh©weeiYx †K›`ªxq
AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi Kvh©vewj ZË¡veavb Kiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K cvVv‡bv hveZxq wnmvecÎ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K cixÿv-
e¨vs‡Ki GKwU Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| Zvij¨ msK‡Ui mgq †K›`ªxq wbixÿv Kiv‡bv BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ ÔLÕ e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mvnv‡h¨ K‡i| wbKU Zv‡`i hveZxq wnmve wbqwgZ Rgv`v‡b e¨_© nq hv
DÏxc‡K ÔLÕ e¨vsK GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| Aciw`‡K ÔKÕ e¨vsKwUi wnmve cixÿv-wbixÿvq evav †`q| Avevi †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †`‡ki e¨vswKs AvBb Abyhvqx ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki wbKU eva¨Zvg~jK wiRvf© msiÿ‡YI e¨_© nq| myZivs,
e¨vsK eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Zvi †gvU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Av‡ivwcZ ixwZbxwZ Abymi‡Y ÔLÕ e¨vsK e¨_©
Avgvb‡Zi GKwU wbw`©ó Ask Rgv iv‡L| ZvB ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki n‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K e‡Üi †bvwUk †`q|
cÖwZôv, cwiPvjbv, I mgm¨v mgvav‡b ÔKÕ e¨vsK wewfbœfv‡e N. ivgM‡oi g‡Zv GjvKvi Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ
mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| Zvij¨ msK‡Ui mgq ÔLÕ e¨vsK hLb Ab¨ e¨vsK‡K mgvR Dbœq‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv Drm n‡Z A_© cÖvw߇Z e¨_© nq ZLb GKgvÎ ÔKÕ GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi cÖvY mÂviK n‡jv †`kwUi e¨vswKs
e¨vsKB FY cÖ`vb K‡i ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K Zvij¨ msKU n‡Z gyw³ e¨e¯’v| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki
†`q| ÔKÕ e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vs‡Ki wiRvf© Znwej †_‡K ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb mvab K‡i| DÏxc‡K
FY cÖ`vb K‡i| GQvov ÔKÕ e¨vsK wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡KI ÔLÕ ivgM‡oi g‡Zv GjvKvq †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK bv _vKvq †m
e¨vsK‡K FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvij¨ msKU KvwU‡q DV‡Z GjvKvi gvbyliv wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nw”Qj| GgZve¯’vq
ÔKÕ e¨vsK ÔLÕ e¨vsK‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  323
†mLv‡b ÔKÕ e¨vsK‡Ki GKwU kvLv Pvjy n‡j mK‡j DcK…Z nq| mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov ivgMo GjvKvi RbMY‡K
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ GjvKvi Dbœq‡b ÔKÕ e¨vsK‡K Zvi mnvqK wnmve †Lvjvq DØy× Kivi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Ajm A‡_©i h‡_vchy³
wn‡m‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki e¨envi wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
gva¨‡g mnR k‡Z© wewfbœ K…wl FY cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ DÏxc‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK
wk‡í FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
D³ GjvKvi ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K wkí ¯’vc‡b Drmvnx Ki‡Z myZivs, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Kvh©µg
cv‡i| Gfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †m GjvKvi wkí I K…wl e¨e¯’v wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v mPj ivLv
DbœZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó K‡i GjvKvi †eKvi‡Z¡i I RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY mva‡b wbqwRZ ivL‡Z cv‡i|

A wf bœ cÖk œc ‡Î A bywôZ GmGmwm cixÿ vi m„R bkxj cÖk œ I DËi


œ 3  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK _v‡K hv †`‡ki
we‡`k †diZ wg. mywRZ Zuvi mwÂZ A_© wewb‡qvM Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mwVK cwiKíbv
PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU eo e¨vs‡K wM‡q GKRb Kg©KZ©vi civgk© PvB‡jb| cÖYqb I Zvi ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi‡K civgk© w`‡q _v‡K|
wKš‘ Kg©KZ©v Zuv‡K Rvbv‡jb, D³ e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK DÏxc‡K wg. mywRZ PÆMÖv‡g Ggb GKwU eo e¨vs‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi‡K civgk© w`‡q _v‡K| wZwb wg. mywRZ‡K †h e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi‡K civgk©
cvk¦©eZ©x mv½y e¨vs‡K †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zuvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx e¨vsK wnmve w`‡q _v‡K| e¨vs‡Ki GB ˆewkó¨wU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡KB wb‡`©k
†Lvjvi civgk© †`b| [m. †ev. Õ15] K‡i| Avi PÆMÖv‡gi evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evsjv‡`k
K. e¨vswKs Kx? 1 e¨vs‡Ki kvLvI i‡q‡Q|
L. `ª‡e¨i cwie‡Z© `ª‡e¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb‡K Kx e‡j? myZivs, wg. mywRZ †h e¨vs‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb Zv evsjv‡`‡ki
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLv|
M. wg. mywRZ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vs‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. wg. mywR‡Zi Rb¨ e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi civgk© MÖnY K‡i Zuvi
N. wg. mywR‡Zi Rb¨ e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi civgk© MÖn‡Yi mwÂZ A_© evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K KivB †hŠw³K|
†hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MÖvn‡Ki wbKU n‡Z Zv‡`i mwÂZ A_© PjwZ,
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi  mÂqx I ¯’vqx wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i| mÂqx I
¯’vqx wnmv‡ei AvgvbZKvix‡`i Rgvi A‡_©i Ici e¨vsK wbw`©ó
K. e¨vs‡Ki hveZxq Kv‡Ri mgwó n‡”Q e¨vswKs| nv‡i my` cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| PjwZ wnmv‡e my` cÖ`vb Kiv bv
L. `ª‡ei cwie‡Z© `ª‡e¨i Av`vb-cÖ`vb‡K wewbgq cÖ_v e‡j| n‡jI †mLv‡b wfbœ ai‡bi myweav †`Iqv nq| DÏxc‡K we‡`k
wewbgq cÖ_vwU gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi c~‡e©i GKwU cÖvPxb cÖ_v| gvbe †diZ wg. mywRZ Zvi mwÂZ A_© wewb‡qvM Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
m„wó I mf¨Zvi weeZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb, †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki PÆMÖvg kvLvq wM‡q GKRb e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi
Kg©KvÊ Ges mvgvwRK e܇bi cwiwa cÖmvi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| civgk© PvB‡jb| e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K mv½y e¨vsK bvgK
ZLb gvbyl ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ `ªe¨vw` evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zuvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx e¨vsK
wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY KiZ| wnmve †Lvjvi civgk© †`b| GB e¨vsK‡K A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡j
M. wg. mywRZ GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK Agybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖwZôvb wbw`©ó nv‡i my` cvIqv hvq| †kqvievRv‡ii wewb‡qv‡Mi gZ
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| GUv SzuwKc~Y© bq| GQvovI wnmve †Lvjvi Kvi‡Y e¨vsK Zvi
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Kj¨vY MÖvnK‡K bvbvwea myweav cÖ`vb K‡i|
mvab| mvaviYZ gy`ªv cÖPjb, A_© mieivn Z_v FY wbqš¿‡Yi myZivs, wg. mywR‡Zi Rb¨ e¨vsK Kg©KZ©vi civgk© †g‡b wb‡q
we‡kl ÿgZv I `vwq‡Z¡ GB e¨vsK wb‡qvwRZ| GQvov miKv‡ii Zuvi mwÂZ A_© mv½y e¨vsK bvgK evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K wewb‡qvM
cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR I mvgwMÖK e¨vswKs KvVv‡gvi †bZ…Z¡ KivB hyw³hy³ n‡e|
cÖ`vbmn wewfbœ `vwqZ¡ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cvjb K‡i _v‡K|

AwZwi³ m„R bkxj cÖkœ I DËi


œ 4  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb wbe©vnx †K? 1
wRqvb Rqv e¨vs‡K UvKv Rgv K‡i, A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i, FY †bq, L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi ejv nq †Kb? 2
cÖvß †P‡Ki A_© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv †`q Gfv‡e KZ KvR M. DÏxc‡K Rqv e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ej‡Z Kv‡K
e¨vsKwU Zvi c‡ÿ K‡i †`q| wVK †Zgwb Rqv e¨vsKI †nbv e¨vs‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? eY©bv Ki| 3
UvKv Rgv iv‡L, D‡Ëvjb K‡i, mn‡hvwMZv †bq| nVvr K‡i evRv‡i N. evRv‡i FY K‡g †M‡j ev evo‡j †nbv e¨vs‡Ki `vq
FY mieivn K‡g †M‡j †nbv e¨vsK‡KB `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| Avevi R‡b¥− DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv
FY mieivn †e‡o †M‡jI †nbv e¨vs‡KiB `vq| we‡kølY Ki| 4
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  324

 4bs cª‡kœi DËi  evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Rgv †`q| GQvov evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KZ…©K wb‡`©wkZ
bvbvb wbqg I Lei`vwii ga¨w`‡q e¨vsKwU‡K Pj‡Z nq| GUv ï‡b
K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb wbe©vnx n‡jb Mfb©i|
wg. ivnvZ e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi‡K ej‡jb, m¤úK© Av‡Q e‡jB Kx
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii A_© Rgv iv‡L Ges miKv‡ii c‡ÿ A_© Lei`vwi gvb‡Z n‡e| g¨v‡bRvi mv‡ne ej‡jb, Gi wb‡`©kbvi
†jb‡`b K‡i| miKv‡ii wb‡`©‡k miKvwi e¨q cwi‡kva K‡i,
evB‡i wM‡q e¨vswKs Kivi my‡hvM †bB|
wnmve iv‡L, miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa I Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv
K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KLb Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i? 1
iv‡L Ges webv cvwikªwg‡K miKv‡ii mg¯Í Avw_©K Kvh©vewj
m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| G Rb¨B †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii L. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wba©viY m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2
e¨vsKvi ejv nq| M. wg. ivnvZ †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib Zv †Kvb
ai‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK? eY©bv Ki| 3
M. Rqv e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ej‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
N. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kbvi evB‡i wM‡q e¨vswKs
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR
K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n Kivi my‡hvM †bB− g¨v‡bRv‡ii G g‡Zi mv‡_ wK
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU g‡°j wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| G Rb¨B Zzwg GKgZ? g‡Zi mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq| DÏxc‡Ki  5bs cª‡kœi DËi 
wRqvb Rqv e¨vs‡K UvKv Rgv iv‡L, A_© D‡Ëvjb K‡i, †P‡Ki K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK 1972 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i|
A_© msMÖn K‡i| Gme KvR Rqv e¨vsKwU wRqv‡bi c‡ÿ K‡i
L. GK †`k Ab¨‡`k †_‡K cY¨ `ªe¨ µq K‡i Zvi g~j¨ ˆe‡`wkK
†`q| Avevi Rqv e¨vsKI Zvi †gvU Rgvi GKwU wbw`©ó A_©
gy`ªvq cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K| †m‡nZz we‡k¦ cÖPwjZ mKj †`‡ki
†nbv e¨vs‡Ki †KvlvMv‡i Rgv †`q| †mLvb †_‡K †nbv e¨vsK gy`ªvi gvb GK iKg bq †m Kvi‡Y gy`ªvi mwVK wewbgq nvi
Rqv e¨vsKmn Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi G KvRwU K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
FY †`q| Rqv e¨vsK hv‡Z MÖvnK‡`i AwaK nv‡i FY w`‡Z bv ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ mnR K‡i _v‡K|
cv‡i †mRb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i| Rqv
e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b wbKvk N‡ii M. wg. ivnvZ †h e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡ib Zv GKwU
gva¨‡g †nbv e¨vsK wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K| Avevi cÖ‡qvR‡b †nbv ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Ab¨Zg GKwU ms¯‹iY n‡jv ZvwjKvfz³
e¨vsK Rqv e¨vsK‡K †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi civgk© w`‡q _v‡K| †nbv
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| cÖ‡Z¨KwU ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vs‡Ki Avgvb‡Zi
e¨vs‡Ki m¤úvw`Z hveZxq Kvh©vewj †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Abyiƒc|
GKwU Ask eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Rgv ivL‡Z
myZivs, Rqv e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K nq| d‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K mn‡R wbqš¿Y
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K wg. ivnv‡Zi †jb‡`b Kiv e¨vsKwU
N. evRv‡i FY K‡g †M‡j ev evo‡j †nbv e¨vs‡Ki Z_v †K›`ªxq evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨ ZvwjKvq AšÍfz©³| GRb¨ wZwb
e¨vs‡Ki `vq R‡b¥- GB e³e¨wU h_v_©| †`‡L‡Qb e¨vsKwU Avgvb‡Zi GKwU Ask evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Rgv
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h nv‡i ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n‡K FY w`‡q _v‡K| G cÖKvi e¨vs‡Ki hveZxq e¨vswKs KvR wbqš¿Y
`vb K‡i ev †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Zv‡`i cÖ_g †kÖwYi K‡i _v‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| ZvwjKvfz³ nIqvi d‡j wg.
wej I wmwKDwiwUR evÆv K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK nvi e‡j| G nv‡ii ivnv‡Zi †jb‡`b Kiv e¨vsKwU ˆea e¨vswKs-Gi myweav †c‡q‡Q|
n«vm-e„w× NwU‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y Kivi †KŠkj‡K ZvQvov cÖwZ eQi wg. ivnv‡Zi †jb‡`b Kiv e¨vsKwUi wnmve
e¨vsK nvi bxwZ ejv nq| †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi wbixÿY K‡i _v‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK e‡jB wg.
ivnv‡Zi e¨vsKwU‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KZ…©K hveZxq wb‡`©kbv I
j‡ÿ¨ †`‡ki F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨¯Í‡i ivLv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
Lei`vwii g‡a¨ wU‡K _vK‡Z nq|
`vwqZ¡| Rqv e¨vs‡Ki g‡Zv evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n mvaviYZ
gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ FY cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq N. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kbvi evB‡i wM‡q e¨vswKs Kivi my‡hvM
wKQz wKQz evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AwaK FY cÖ`vb †bB- e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRv‡ii G g‡Zi mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ|
K‡i| d‡j evRv‡i FY`vbK…Z A‡_©i cwigvY †ewk n‡q hvq| e¨vsKmg~‡ni c_cÖ`k©K n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
†m‡ÿ‡Î evRv‡i A‡_©i g~j¨ Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges c‡Y¨i `vg wbqgbxwZ ˆZwi K‡i Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsKmg~n‡K mwVK c‡_
evo‡Z _v‡K| gyj¨ùxwZi Kvi‡Y gvbyl µqÿgZv nvwi‡q cwiPvwjZ K‡i _v‡K| DÏxc‡K e¨vsK g¨v‡bRv‡ii fvl¨g‡Z,
†d‡j| Ab¨w`‡K evRv‡i hw` F‡Yi cwigvY K‡g hvq, Zvn‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv hveZxq e¨vsKmg~‡ni aviK ev KZ©v| hw`
†Kv‡bv e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfz³ bv n‡qB e¨vswKs K‡i
Drcv`bkxj Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM eÜ n‡q hv‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î F‡Yi e¨q
Z‡e G‡Z H e¨vs‡Ki e¨vswKs wel‡q bvbvb ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv
AZ¨vwaK †e‡o hv‡e| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zvi FY wbqš¿‡Yi
†`q| D³ e¨vsKwU‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kv‡bv iKg Z_¨ cÖ`vb
wewfbœ c`‡ÿ‡ci g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg e¨vsK nvi bxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i K‡i bv Ges FY w`‡qI mnvqZv †`q bv| d‡j ¯^fveZB
F‡Yi n«vm-e„w× wbqš¿Y K‡i| e¨vswKs g~jab Ges Zvij¨ mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| Avevi hw` †Kv‡bv
myZivs, evRv‡i FY K‡g †M‡j ev evo‡j †nbv e¨vsK Z_v e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfz³ nIqvi ciI Gi wb‡`©kbvi
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Ici Zvi `vq fvi c‡o| evB‡i hvq Z‡e e¨vsKwUi hveZxq e¨vswKs Kv‡Ri AvBbMZ
œ 5  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- ˆeaZv wb‡q cÖkœ I‡V Ges Gi ¯’vwqZ¡ wb‡q mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|
wg. ivnvZ †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib †mB e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki G‡Z mn‡RB e¨vsKwU RbM‡Yi Av¯’v nvivq| Aciw`‡K
mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| Avgvb‡Zi GKwU Ask e¨vsKwU
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  325
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ n‡j e¨vsK †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨vq K‡i| A_©vr e¨vsK e¨emvq‡K MwZkxj I kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZv cvq| †h cÖwZôvbwU cÖwZw`bB Kvh©Kifv‡e mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i P‡j‡Q
myZivs, e¨vswKs Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvq evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kbv †mwU n‡jv wbKvk Ni| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri
gvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖm‡½ g¨v‡bRv‡ii e³e¨wUB mwVK| AwffveK wn‡m‡e wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g AvšÍte¨vswKs †PK I
œ 6  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- `vq †`bv wb®úwË K‡i| A_©vr ˆ`bw›`b e¨vswKs Kvh© m¤úv`‡b
Abb¨v ïKZviv cvewj‡Kk‡Ýi GKRb wbqwgZ †jLK| †m 23 †hgb : †PK, WªvdU, wej, Pvjvb cÖf…wZ `wjj n‡Z †`bv-
cvIbvi m„wó nq| Gme †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwËi Rb¨ ZvwjKvfz³
wW‡m¤^i 2015 Zvwi‡L †mLvb †_‡K cÖvBg e¨vs‡Ki Ici ˆZwi
e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbw`©ó GKwU ¯’v‡b
GKwU `vMKvUv †PK †c‡q H w`bB WvP&-evsjv e¨vs‡K Rgv w`j| c‡ii
wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwÎZ nq Ges ZviB ZË¡veav‡b AvšÍte¨vswKs
w`b Abb¨v e¨vsK †_‡K UvKv IVv‡Z †M‡j WvP&-evsjv e¨vs‡Ki Kg©KZ©v †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË K‡i| DÏxc‡K WvP&-evsjv e¨vsK Ges
Rvbv‡jv Zv‡K AviI `yÕw`b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| Abb¨v Gi KviY cÖvBg e¨vsK `ywU Avjv`v e¨vsK n‡jI wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g
Rvb‡Z PvB‡j e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v Rvbv‡jv †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g G Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †jb‡`b wb®úwË mnR n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv mn‡RB
ai‡bi †jb‡`b wb®úwË nq weavq GKUz mgq jv‡M| GK e¨vsK Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki A_© ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †gvU wefvM KqwU? 1 evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni AvšÍt‡jb‡`b wb®úwËi `vwqZ¡ †K›`ªxq
L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK m¤ú‡K© †jL| 2 e¨vs‡Ki nv‡Z _v‡K e‡j FY wbqš¿Y mnR nq|
M. DÏxc‡K †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri myZivs wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni Kv‡R
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Kiv Ki| 3 mnvqZv Kiv †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vs‡Ki G ai‡bi Kv‡R hyw³hy³|
mnvqZv Kiv †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ KZUv
cÖk-œ 7  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
†hŠw³K Zv Zz‡j ai| 4
†R‡W· †`kwU‡Z Mv‡g©›Um I Ilya wkí jvfRbK e‡j evwYwR¨K
 6bs cª‡kœi DËi  e¨vsK¸‡jv G `yB Lv‡Z h_vµ‡g 55% I 35% Ges Ab¨vb¨ me Lv‡Z
K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †gvU wefv‡Mi msL¨v 9wU| Aewkó 10% FY †`q| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki jvf n‡jI †`‡ki K‡qKwU
wbw`©ó LvZ Qvov Ab¨vb¨iv ewÂZ nq| ZvB †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ªxq
L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| e¨vsK K…wl, Pvgov I mdUIq¨vimn DwjøwLZ me Lv‡Z mgvbfv‡e
e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e 1972 mv‡ji 31 FY †`qvi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Av‡`k †`q|
A‡±vei †_‡K KvR ïiæ K‡i| eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki e¨vswKs K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K KZRb †WcywU Mfb©i _v‡K? 1
mgv‡Ri †bZv wn‡m‡e GwU KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Gi cÖavb Awdm L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
XvKvi gwZwS‡j Aew¯’Z| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †`‡ki mKj NUvq? 2
e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK wn‡m‡e †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y M. †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y
K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Av‡`k w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q? eY©bv
M. DÏxc‡K †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk N‡ii Kv‡Ri K_v ejv Ki| 3
n‡q‡Q| N. †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ª x q e¨vsK evwYwR¨K
wbKvk Ni n‡jv GKwU ¯’vb †hLv‡b GKB GjvKvi e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K me Lv‡Z mgvbfv‡e FY`v‡bi Av‡`k
cÖwZwbwaMY e‡m ci¯ú‡ii Ici Dc¯’vwcZ †PK, WªvdU, †`qvi KviY we‡kølY Ki| 4
wewbgq I e¨v‡jÝ wb®úwË K‡i| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni  7bs cª ‡kœ i DËi 
hveZxq AvšÍte¨vswKs Kvh©vewj †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk N‡ii K. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K 4 Rb †WcywU Mfb©i _v‡K|
gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq| DÏxc‡K Abb¨v WvP&-evsjv e¨vs‡K
L. †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi AwffveK wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki
cÖvBg e¨vs‡Ki †PK Rgv w`‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi †jb‡`b wb®úwË
e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b memgqB m‡Pó _v‡K| GRb¨ †K›`ªxq
Kiv nq wbKvk Ni e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g| wbKvk Ni n‡jv e¨vsK wewfbœ wbqb-bxwZ wba©viY K‡i Ges e¨vsK cÖwZôv I
e¨vsK¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi wbw`©ó Avw_©K †jb‡`‡bi †`bvcvIbv cwiPvjbvi mKj ¯Í‡i mwµq mn‡hvwMZv †`q| bZzb kvLv
wb®úwËi GKwU e¨e¯’v| wbKvk N‡ii KvR mvaviYZ †`‡ki cÖwZôv I e¨vswKs Kvh©µg m¤cÖmvi‡YI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mnvqZv
cÖavb e¨vsK A_©vr †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ m¤úvw`Z nq| cÖ`vb K‡i| Gfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g Abb¨vi †PKwUi †jb‡`b wb®úwË n‡e| NUvq|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K GKwU wbw`©ó Kÿ i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b †K›`ªxq
M. †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv
e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ mKj cÖwZwbwaiv Dcw¯’Z n‡q cÖ`Ë †PK
AwffveK nIqvq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Av‡`k w`‡Z
ev WªvdU wewbgq K‡i _v‡Kb|
†c‡i‡Q|
N. WvP&-evsjv e¨vsK Ges cÖvBg e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ m„ó †jb‡`bwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK wn‡m‡e bvbvb ai‡bi
†`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK A_©vr †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b wbKvk N‡ii Kvh©vewj m¤ú`vb K‡i| Gme Kvh©vewji gva¨‡gB GwU hveZxq
gva¨‡g wb®úwË nIqv AZ¨šÍ †hŠw³K| e¨vsK e¨e¯’v wbqš¿Y I w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq iv‡L| DÏxc‡Ki
wbKvk Ni †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K wba©vwiZ I wbqwš¿Z| wbKvk †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki Ae¯’v Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq
Ni me©`v evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Af¨šÍixY mgm¨v mgvavb c`‡ÿc Ges w`Kwb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  326
Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv jvfRbK Mfb©i
LvZ e‡j Mv‡g©›Um I Ilya Lv‡Z AwaK FY †`qvq weiƒc cÖfve †WcywU Mfb©i (4 Rb)
c‡o‡Q †`kwUi Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z| F‡Yi myweav bv cvIqvq Ab¨vb¨
LvZ¸‡jv A‡_©i Afv‡e Zv‡`i Drcv`‡bi PvKv mPj ivL‡Z e¨_© wbe©vnx cwiPvjK (12 Rb) A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv
nw”Qj| GgZve¯’vq †`kwUi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj AwffveK
wn‡m‡e m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri AvIZvq evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n‡K mKj gnve¨e¯ ’vcK wm‡÷g e¨e¯ ’vcK

Lv‡Z mgvb FY †`qvi Av‡`k †`q|


mnKvix gnve¨e¯ ’vcK wmwbqi wm‡÷g we‡klÁ cÖavb iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cÖ‡KŠkjx
N. †R‡W· †`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Kj¨vY mvab Kivi Rb¨
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK H †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n‡K mKj Lv‡Z †hŠ_ †hŠ_ wm‡÷g cÖavb iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cwiPvjb cÖavb
cwiPvjK e¨e¯ ’vcK we‡klÁ cÖ‡KŠkjx e¨e¯ ’vcK wPwKrmK
mgvbfv‡e FY`v‡bi Av‡`k w`‡q‡Q|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv me©mvavi‡Yi g½j wbwðZ mnKvix cwiPvjK mn-e¨e¯ ’vcK †cÖvMÖvgvi iÿ Yv‡eÿ Y cÖ‡KŠkjx wPwKrmK
Kiv Ges †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ Kiv| G D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| †`‡ki wPÎ : HD e¨vs‡Ki (†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki) MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv
Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni wbqš¿YKvix, GKK I N. HD e¨vsK Z_v †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
Abb¨v e¨vswKs cÖwZôvb n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| DÏxc‡K †R‡W· wbKvk Ni n‡jv GKwU ¯’vb †hLv‡b GKB GjvKvi ZvwjKvfz³
†`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n hw` mKj Lv‡Z FY †`q Z‡e e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaMY e‡m ci¯ú‡ii Ici Dc¯’vwcZ †PK,
cÖwZwU Lv‡ZB mgvb DbœwZ n‡e| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`mg~n AvniY WªvdU, wewbgq I e¨v‡jÝ wb®úwË K‡i| wbKvk N‡ii cÖavb
Ges m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e| †`‡ki wecyj Rbkw³i n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ga¨¯’ZvKvix wn‡m‡e
mبenvi wbwðZ n‡e| d‡j †`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZiI DbœwZ AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i|
n‡e| Gme Kvi‡YB †R‡W· †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK H †`‡ki KviY cÖwZw`b MÖvnKiv e¨vsKmg~‡n Zv‡`i wnmv‡e ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K mKj Lv‡Z FY †`qvi Av‡`k w`‡q‡Q|
Rb¨ cÖPzi †PK, †c-AW©vi, WªvdU, AvÁvcÎ, wewbgq wej,
myZivs, †R‡W· †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
A½xKvicÎ BZ¨vw` Rgv w`‡q _v‡K| d‡j GK e¨vsK Ab¨
mvab Ki‡Z †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK H †`‡ki evwYwR¨K
e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K mKj Lv‡Z mgvbfv‡e FY w`‡Z Av‡`k w`‡q‡Q| e¨vs‡Ki wbKU cÖPzi A_© †`bv I cvIbv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv e¨vs‡Ki
Rb¨ Gme †`bv-cvIbv cÖwZwU e¨vs‡K wM‡q wb®úwË Kiv LyeB
œ 8  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- Sv‡gjv, e¨qeûj I mgqmv‡cÿ KvR| ZvB cÖwZwU e¨vsK
e¨vsK : K e¨vsK : N Zv‡`i kvLv e¨vsKmg~n n‡Z Giƒc †PK, WªvdU BZ¨vw` cvevi
HD e¨vsK
ci m¤ú~Y© cvIbv ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó mg‡q
e¨vsK : L e¨vsK : O
wbKvk Ni
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk N‡i nvwRi nq Ges ci¯úi ZvwjKv
e¨vsK : P
wewbgq K‡i _v‡K| AZtci wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaMY
e¨vsK : M
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki weeiYx GKwÎZ K‡i mvgwMÖK weeiYx cÖ¯‘Zc~e©K
K. cwimsL¨vb msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i †K? 1 †`bv-cvIbvi DØ„Ë †ei K‡i| ZLb wbKvk N‡ii cwiPvjK
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewjmg~n †jL| 2 we‡kl †KŠk‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †`bv-cvIbvi wb®úwË K‡i †`b|
M. DwjøwLZ HD e¨vs‡Ki MVb e¨e¯’vcbv QKvKv‡i myZivs, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsKmg~‡ni mnvqZv`v‡bi
Dc¯’vcb Ki| 3 D‡Ï‡k¨ AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwËi Rb¨ memgq
N. HD e¨vs‡Ki DwjøwLZ KvRwU we‡kølY Ki| 4 wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
 8bs cª‡kœi DËi  œ 9  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk-
K. cwimsL¨vb msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| Rbbx e¨vsK Zvi †PK, e¨vsK WªvdU cÖf…wZi †jb‡`‡bi wb®úwËi
Rb¨ †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q cvVvq| wKš‘ wWmKfvwi e¨vsKwU
L. RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mvaviY Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b
G ai‡bi wb®úwˇZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
K‡i hv wbgœiƒc-
1. †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb, 2. gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK, 3 FY K. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? 1
wbqš¿Y, 4. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó, 5. g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv, L. cwjø FY cÖKí ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
6. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw`| M. †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK Kxfv‡e Rbbx e¨vs‡Ki
†jb‡`bmg~n wb®úwË K‡i? eY©bv Ki| 3
M. HD e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki N. wWmKfvwi e¨vsK †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_
AvšÍt‡jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i| A_©vr HD e¨vsKwU GKwU †K›`ªxq †jb‡`‡bi wb®úwˇZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z bv cvivi
e¨vsK| ZvB GB e¨vsKwU miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ Ges KviY we‡kølY Ki| 4
GKwU cwiPvjbv cl©` Øviv wbqwš¿Z, hvi wbe©vnx cÖavb Mfb©i|
†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki MVb I e¨e¯’vcbv QKvKv‡i wb‡P †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :  9bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  327
L. †`‡ki cwjø A‡ji Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h we‡kl FY cÖKí MÖnY K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K m~‡h©i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb †K? 1
Kiv nq Zv‡K cwjø FY cÖKí e‡j| evsjv‡`k MÖvg cÖavb †`k| L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wewae× Kvh©vewj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
ZvB cwjø FY cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi `yt¯’‡`i we‡kl K‡i
M. Mfb©i †Kb e‡j‡Qb, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri
gwnjv‡`i fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi †Póv Kiv nq|
†bZv, ivRv I m~h©- eY©bv Ki| 3
M. †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK A_©vr †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g N. Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKviÕ-
Rbbx e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`bmg~n wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
†`‡ki mKj e¨vs‡Ki AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g wb®úwË K‡i| A_©vr wbKvk Ni †K›`ªxq  10bs cª‡kœi DËi 
e¨vsK KZ…©K wba©vwiZ I wbqwš¿Z| wbKvk Ni me©`v evwYwR¨K K. W. Gm.Gm.†mb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K m~‡h©i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb|
e¨vsK¸‡jvi Af¨šÍixY mgm¨v mgvavb K‡i| DÏxc‡K Rbbx
e¨vsKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ nIqvq MÖvnK‡`i wbKU L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wewfbœ ai‡bi wewae× Kvh©vewj i‡q‡Q|
n‡Z M„nxZ †PK, e¨vsK WªvdU cÖf…wZ mn‡RB wbKvk N‡ii wewae× Kvh©vewj wn‡m‡e G e¨vsK †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb K‡i
gva¨‡g fvOv‡Z cv‡i| G KvRwU Kiv nq cÖwZw`b GKwU wbw`©ó _v‡K| GwU gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| mnR
wewbgq gva¨g m„wói cvkvcvwk G e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y I gy`ªvi
mg‡q Ges ZvwjKvfz³ me¸‡jv e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa‡`i
µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i| GQvovI ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿Y,
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z| wbKvk N‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ _v‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| †K›`ªxq
e¨vsK e¨emvq Dbœqb, g~j¨¯Íi w¯’wZkxj ivLv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
e¨vsK mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv Ges AvBb Abyhvqx Rbbx e¨vs‡Ki
wewae× Kvh©vewji AvIZvfz³|
g‡Zv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË K‡i|
M. DÏxc‡K Mfb©i e‡j‡Qb, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv
N. wWmKfvwi e¨vsK †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b
ivRv I m~h©| e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi AwffveK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
wb®úwˇZ AskMÖnY bv Ki‡Z cvivi KviY n‡jv GwU GKwU GwU GKwU †`‡ki cÖavb e¨vsK wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| G e¨vsK
AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK| e¨vswKs AvBb Abyhvqx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I Avw_©K
†h mKj e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvq AšÍfz©³ bv n‡q cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| Mfb©i †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki
e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK e‡j| f‚wgKv kxl©K GK †mwgbv‡i gšÍe¨ K‡ib| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
Ab¨w`‡K †h mKj e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvq AšÍfz©³ n‡q e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv| ivRv I m~h©| Zvi Giƒc gšÍe¨ Kivi
m`m¨ wn‡m‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K ZvwjKvfz³ KviY n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †bZv wn‡m‡e Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK‡K
e¨vsK e‡j| ZvwjKvfz³ m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvB ïaygvÎ †K›`ªxq cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges wbqg-bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i| Gi d‡j e¨vswKs
e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk N‡ii myweav jvf K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki wWmKfvwi Lv‡Z myôz e¨e¯’vcbv wbwðZ nq| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ivRv wn‡m‡e
e¨vsKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ m`m¨ bq A_©vr e¨vswKs Lv‡Zi ivRZ¡ K‡i _v‡K| Aciw`‡K G e¨vsK m~‡h©i
AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK| AZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK nIqvq G e¨vsK g‡Zv A_© I gy`ªvevRvi RM‡Z Av‡jv †`q| Gi d‡j A_© I
wbw`©ó Zvij¨ msiÿY K‡i bv Ges †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbqgbxwZ gy`ªvevRv‡i w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq _v‡K Ges †`‡ki A_©bxwZi
cvjb K‡i bv| e¨vsKwU Zvi mvßvwnK †jb‡`b I wn‡m‡ei Dbœqb N‡U|
weeiYxI †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv †`q bv| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsKI cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DcwiD³ Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i e‡jB Mfb©i,
wWmKfvwi e¨vsK‡K †Kv‡bv ai‡bi myweav ev civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv, ivRv I m~h© e‡j‡Qb|
bv| e¨vsKwU Zvi Avw_©K msK‡U †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvQ †_‡K
N. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi- DÏxc‡Ki GB
F‡Yi myweav cvq bv| ZvQvov e¨vsKwUi cÖwZwbwa n‡q| †Kv‡bv
Dw³wU Avwg h_v_© g‡b Kwi|
`vwqZ¡ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cvjb K‡i bv ZvB wWmKfvwi e¨vs‡Ki
evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| Mfb©‡ii
†PK, e¨vsK WªvdU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g
fvlvq, G e¨vsK †`‡ki mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi iƒ‡c
wb®úwËi my‡hvM cvq bv| cwiMwYZ n‡q‡Q| bZzb e¨vsK cÖwZôvi AbygwZ I ZvwjKvfzw³i
myZivs, wbKvk N‡ii myweavmn †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖ`Ë Ab¨vb¨ KvR K‡i evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| bZzb kvLv †Lvjvi †ÿ‡ÎI †K›`ªxq
myweav cvIqvi Rb¨ wWmKfvwi e¨vs‡Ki DwPZ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K e¨vs‡Ki Aby‡gv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~‡ni
ZvwjKvfz³ nIqv| g‡a¨ AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b wb®úwËi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
cÖkœ -10  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g mnvqZv K‡i| e¨vsKmg~n hLb Zvij¨
Ô†K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKvÕ kxl©K GK †mwgbv‡i Mfb©i gšÍe¨ K‡ib, msK‡U †fv‡M ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zv‡`i FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv, ivRv I m~h©| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK mnvqZv K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b Aaxb¯’ e¨vsKmg~‡ni
ivRv wn‡m‡e †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q| Kvh©vewj wbqš¿‡Y Dc‡`óv I civgk©`vZv wn‡m‡eI KvR
AvR G e¨vsK †`‡ki mKj evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi iƒ‡c K‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vsKmg~‡ni wnmvecÎ, cixÿv Ges FY
Av`v‡qI G e¨vsK mnvqZv K‡i|
cwiMwYZ n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †`‡ki
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~‡ni Rb¨ DcwiD³ KvR
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|
m¤úv`b K‡i e‡j evsjv‡`k e¨vsK‡K Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi
ejv h_v_© n‡q‡Q|

wewf bœ ¯‹z‡ j i wbe©v wPZ m„R bkxj cÖk œ I DËi


beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  328
œ 11  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- AwffveK wn‡m‡e cÖMwZ e¨vsK e¨vsKmg~n‡K FY`vb K‡i|
cÖMwZ e¨vsK †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs †jb‡`b h_vh_fv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ wbKvk N‡ii
e¨vs‡Ki MV‡b, Rgv I FY Av`vq, wbKvk Ges wnmve wbixÿvq gva¨‡g cÖMwZ e¨vsK AvšÍte¨vswKs †jb‡`b m¤úv`b K‡i|
mnvqZv K‡i| wec‡`i mgq e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K civgk©I †`q| wKš‘ MZ
eQi wec‡`i mgq wkwki †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK‡K G ai‡bi ZvQvov cÖMwZ e¨vsK ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~‡ni wec‡`i mgq
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K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj Kq cÖKvi? 1 †bZv wn‡m‡e cÖMwZ e¨vsK †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b
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mnvqZv bv Kivi KviY eY©bv Ki| 3 mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq|
N. cÖMwZ e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb f‚wgKvi K_v DÏxc‡K ejv
n‡q‡Q? g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 cÖk-œ 12  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
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fvBqv, Avgiv †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ †h gy`ªv e¨envi Kwi Zv †K mieivn
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj Pvi cÖKvi| K‡i? wbqvR ejj gy`ªv cÖPjb Kivi `vwqZ¡ GKwU we‡kl cÖwZôv‡bi|
L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Agybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq G cÖwZôvbwU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbi‡cÿ _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi‡KI FY
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evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, gqgbwmsn]
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ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki| 3
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N. DÏxc‡K D³ cÖwZôvbwU miKv‡ii c‡ÿ †hme KvR
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 12bs cª‡kœi DËi 
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cÖ`vb K‡i|
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e‡j‡Q Zv n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
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wkwki †Kv-Acv‡iwUf e¨vsK wbw`©ó Zvij¨ msiÿY K‡i bv
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bv| cwiPvwjZ K‡i _v‡K| GRb¨ e¨vsKmg~‡ni c_cÖ`k©K ejv nq
N. cÖMwZ e¨vs‡Ki mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvj‡bi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K| DÏxc‡Ki wbqv‡Ri fvl¨vbyhvqx Avgiv
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ †h gy`ªv e¨envi Kwi Zv cÖPj‡bi `vwqZ¡I
cÖwZwU ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Zvi Avgvb‡Zi GKUv wbw`©ó Ask †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZôv‡bi Ici b¨¯Í| ZvQvov miKv‡ii
eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Rgv iv‡L| d‡j wbqš¿Y _vK‡jI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbi‡cÿ _v‡K|
wbqv‡Ri DwjøwLZ we‡kl cÖwZôvbwU A_©vr †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK D³ ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K mn‡R wbqš¿Y
gy`ªvgvb msiÿ‡YI cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wb‡q _v‡K| cÖwZwU
Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b FY cÖ`vb
¯^vaxb †`‡k GKwU K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK i‡q‡Q| G e¨vsK
K‡i _v‡K| Gme KvR m¤úv`b Kivq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi wbqš¿‡Y MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq|
e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi| DÏxc‡K cÖMwZ e¨vsK †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i
bZzb e¨vsK MV‡bi AbygwZ `vb Ges ZvwjKvfzw³i KvR K‡i N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bvK…Z we‡kl cÖwZôvbwU n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| GwU
miKv‡ii c‡ÿ bvbv KvR K‡i _v‡K|
_v‡K| cÖMwZ e¨vs‡Ki AbygwZ Qvov bZzb e¨vsK MVb m¤¢e
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii wb‡`©k
bq| cÖMwZ e¨vs‡K †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n wbw`©ó cwigvY Abyhvqx cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| e¨vsKwU
A_© Rgv iv‡L| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vs‡Ki
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  329
miKv‡ii c‡ÿ A_© msMÖn, mieivn I msiÿY, wnmve msiÿY, L. †`‡ki evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n hLb A_©msK‡U c‡o Ges †Kv‡bvfv‡eB
†jb‡`b m¤úv`b I ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv µq-weµ‡qi KvR K‡i A_©i †hvMvb †`qv m¤¢e nq bv ZLb me‡k‡l †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q
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cÖwZôvbwU miKv‡ii A_© I Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú‡`i Znwej msiÿY I e¨vsKmg~n‡K FY w`‡q mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i| GRb¨ †K›`ªxq
ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki miKv‡ii e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl Avkªq¯’j ejv nq|
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †h‡Kv‡bv mgq miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq FY`v‡b M. gy`ªvi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e ‘M’ e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq|
eva¨ _v‡K| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii hveZxq Avq-e¨‡qi †Kv‡bv †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ iv‡óªi KZ…©‡Z¡
wnmve msiÿY K‡i _v‡K| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi †_‡K †m †`‡ki g~j¨¯Íi I A_©‰bwZK fvimvg¨ iÿvKvix
wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii hveZxq Avw_©K bxwZi ev¯Íevq‡b evwYwR¨K e¨vswKs cÖwZôvbwUB n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| G e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨
e¨vsKmg~n‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`q| ZvQvov e¨vsKwU e¨vsKmg~n‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| DÏxc‡K wg. gvmy` ‘M’ e¨vs‡Ki
miKv‡ii n‡q wewfbœ we‡`wk e¨vsK †hgb : GwWwe, AvBwWwe GKRb D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v| Zvi e¨vsK †`‡ki A_© evRvi MVb
Ges wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK A_©‰bwZK ms¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úK© eRvq cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i| A_©vr ‘M’ e¨vsK †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i
ivL‡Z AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv I gy`ªv mieivn cwiw¯’wZ Kvg¨¯Í‡i eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ gy`ªvgvb
µqÿgZv e„wׇZ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii c‡ÿ cÖ‡qvRbxq msiÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| G‡Z we‡`‡ki evRv‡i †`kxq
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv msMÖn, msiÿY I wbqš¿Y K‡i| gy`ªvi gvbI m¤§vbRbK Ae¯’vq _v‡K| gy`ªvi gvb
myZivs, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii c‡ÿ wewfbœ KvR m¤úv`b K‡i wbqš¿YKvix wn‡m‡e G KvR¸‡jv Kivi GKgvÎ AwaKvi
†`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki hv ‘M’ e¨vsK Ki‡Q| myZivs ‘M’ e¨vsK
RbM‡Yi A‡kl Kj¨vY mvab K‡i _v‡K|
GKwU †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
cÖkœ -13  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ ‘M’ e¨vsKwU Z_v †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii
wg. gvmy` ‘M’ e¨vs‡Ki GKRb D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v| Zvi e¨vsK c‡ÿ bvbvb KvR K‡i|
†`‡ki A_© evRv‡ii MVb, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i| G e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKvi, RbMY I Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ bvbvb
A_©evRvi wbqš¿Y K‡i| F‡Yi cwigvY ms‡KvPb I m¤cÖmvi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| G e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg F‡Yi Drm
hveZxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i Ges cy‡iv A_©bxwZi wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e ejv nq| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ‘M’ e¨vsKwU miKv‡ii c‡ÿ bvbvb
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Avw_©K msK‡U FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| miKv‡ii A_© I Ab¨vb¨
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†Kb? 2 cwi‡kva K‡i _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki ‘M’ e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M. gy`ªv wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e ‘M’ e¨vsK‡K Kx ejv nq? wn‡m‡e miKv‡ii hveZxq Avq-e¨q wnmve msiÿY K‡i|
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wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
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wb®úwË K‡i Zv‡K wbKvk Ni e‡j|

m„R bkxj cÖkœe¨vsK


œ 14  dvwng XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi e¨emvq Abyl‡`i GKRb QvÎ|
cÖk- N. dvwng BC e¨vs‡Ki †h mKj f‚wgKvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Q,
dvwng‡K BC e¨vs‡Ki Ici GKwU A¨vmvBb‡g›U Ki‡Z †`Iqv ZvQvovI Avi Kx ai‡bi f‚wgKv _vK‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|
n‡q‡Q| †m BC e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs RM‡Zi †bZv, ivRv I m~h© wn‡m‡e 4
AwfwnZ K‡i‡Q| GQvov †m BC e¨vsK‡K e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb, œ 15  mgZv e¨vsK wj. GKwU mycÖwZwôZ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| C`yj
cÖk-
†bvU cÖPjb, gy`ªvi gvb msiÿY I miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Avh&nvi wZb w`b Av‡M cÖPzi bM` A‡_©i Pvwn`v †`Lv †`qvq e¨vsKwU
K‡i‡Q| bM` A‡_©i Afv‡e MÖvn‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡a Amg_© n‡q c‡o|
K. cwimsL¨vb msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i †K? 1 GgZve¯’vq Zviv mybvg iÿv‡_© A_© msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i Ges
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †h mKj KvR m¤úv`b miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨vs‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq|
K‡i Zv †jL| 2 K. e¨e¯’vcbv cwil‡` Kvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³iv _v‡Kb? 1
M. dvwng †Kb BC e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs RM‡Zi †bZv e‡j AwfwnZ L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e †`‡ki gy`ªvgvb wbqš¿Y K‡i? 2
K‡i‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 M. mgZv e¨vsK A_© cwi‡kv‡a †Kb Amg_© n‡q c‡o? eY©bv Ki| 3
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  330
N. bM` A‡_©i mgm¨v mgvav‡b mgZv e¨vsK wj. Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY M. dvivnvbvi Kg©iZ e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨mg~n eY©bv Ki| 3
K‡i‡Q? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 N. dvinvbvi e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg we‡kølY Ki| 4
œ 16  Avng‡`i GjvKvq `ywU e¨vsK Av‡Q| ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ I m~h©
cÖk- œ 19  wcÖwgqvg e¨vsK wj. I †gN`~Z gvwb G·‡PÄ DfqB
cÖk-
e¨vsKÕ| Ôm~h© e¨vsKÕmn A‡bK e¨vsK wb‡R‡`i cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`b ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv µq-weµ‡qi gv‡S RwoZ| Zv‡`i Kg©KvʇK
wb®úwˇZ ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ-Gi Øvi¯’ nq| ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ †`‡ki wbqš¿Y K‡i †`kwUi cÖavb e¨vsK| GgbwK e¨vsK `ywU †h nv‡i
A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L| GwU wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †jb‡`b K‡i †mwUI cÖavb e¨vsK wba©viY K‡i †`q|
QvovI bvbv D‡Ï‡k¨ Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KLb cÖwZwôZ nq? 1
K. KLb e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve nq? 1 L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewjmg~n †jL| 2
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 M. wcÖwgqvg e¨vsK I †gN`~Z gvwb G·‡P‡Äi †jb‡`b †Kvb e¨vsK
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e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖavb e¨vsK wbqš¿‡Yi †h KvRwU m¤úv`b K‡i Zvi †hŠw³KZv
N. ÔivRv e¨vsKÕ-Gi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
œ 17  wgRvb Zvi evev‡K wbKU¯’ GKwU e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv ivLvi
cÖk- œ 20  m¤cÖwZ AM e¨vsK Zv‡`i weÁw߇Z e‡j‡Q †h, wKQz
cÖk-
Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i| wKš‘ wgRv‡bi evev Zv‡K Rvbvb †h, G e¨vsK msL¨K Kg©x wb‡qvM †`qv n‡e hv‡`i KvR n‡jv †`‡ki wkí evwY‡R¨i
RbM‡Yi A_© Rgv iv‡L bv| G e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e bZzb bZzb Dcvq D™¢veb, cwiKíbv Ges ev¯Íevq‡bi c_
miKv‡ii A_© msiÿY K‡i| Avwe®‹vi| G †`‡L Kwei fve‡jv KvRwU †ek fv‡jvB| Z‡e †m eÜz
K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KLb cÖwZwôZ nq? 1 BDmy‡di KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvi‡jv e¨vsKwU G KvR QvovI wbqwgZ
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewjmng~n †jL| 2 A_©bxwZmn wewfbœ wel‡q cwimsL¨vb cÖKvk K‡i| Kwei g‡b Kij G
M. wgRv‡bi evev †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki K_v e‡j‡Qb? eY©bv Ki| 3 KvRwUI †`‡ki Rb¨ g½jRbK n‡e|
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? 1
N. wgRv‡bi wbKU¯’ e¨vsKwUB evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbqš¿K−
L. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
M. weÁwßi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ KvRwU AM e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi
œ 18  dvinvbv MB e¨vs‡Ki wmwbqi wbixÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb
cÖk- KvR? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K‡ib| wZwb Zvi `vwqZ¡ mwVKfv‡e cvjb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ e¨vsK KZ…©cÿ N. AM e¨vsK KZ…©K wewfbœ wel‡q cwimsL¨vb cÖKvk Kivi KvRwU
Zv‡K MB e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Kx, Kxfv‡e GwU KvR K‡i Ges Gi †`‡ki Rb¨ Kxfv‡e g½jRbK e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? gZvgZ
Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡i| `vI| 4
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx RvZxq cÖwZôvb? 1
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vsKmg~‡ni c_cÖ`k©K ejv nq †Kb? 2

Aa¨vq mgwš^Z m„R bkxj cÖkœ I DËi


œ 21  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖk- `wjj µq ev weµ‡qi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~‡ni FY`vb
¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK 2001 mv‡j evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfzw³i gva¨‡g mvg_©¨ n«vm-e„w×i †KŠkj MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡K †LvjvevRvi bxwZ
Gi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| e¨vsKwU †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b kvLv ¯’vcb e‡j|
K‡i e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| 2009 mv‡j ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK M. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfzw³i gva¨‡g m`m¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvi mv‡_
Zvij¨ msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb nq| e¨vsKwU ¯^í‡gqv‡` †Kv‡bv Drm n‡Z wKQz wbqg-bxwZ cvj‡b eva¨evaKZv I mn‡hvwMZv m¤ú‡K©i
A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| Ae‡k‡l evsjv‡`k e¨vsK n‡Z FY MÖnY m„wó nq|
K‡i ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK Zvij¨ mgm¨v `~i K‡i| [ Aa¨vq-12 I 13] DÏxc‡K ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ †WUi-
K. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? 1 †µwWUi m¤úK© m„wó n‡q‡Q| KviY 2001 mv‡j evsjv‡`k
L. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfzw³i gva¨‡g ¯^Y©jZv e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg
M. DÏxc‡Ki ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ cwiPvjbv ïiæ nq| 2009 mv‡j ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK Zvij¨ msK‡Ui
wKiƒc m¤úK© m„wó n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 m¤§yLxb nq| Zvij¨ mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK
N. ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK †Kb evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡Z wn‡m‡e ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vsK n‡Z FY MÖnY K‡i|
†c‡iwQj? we‡kølY Ki| 4 evsjv‡`k e¨vsK n‡Z FY MÖnY Kivq evsjv‡`k e¨vsK ¯^Y©jZv
 21bs cª‡kœi DËi  e¨vsK‡K †WUi K‡i‡Q Ges evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K †µwWUi K‡i‡Q|
Gfv‡e FY MÖnY Kivi gva¨‡g ¯^Y©jZv I evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki
K. miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| g‡a¨ †WUi-†µwWUi m¤úK© m„wó n‡q‡Q|
L. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ FY wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU mvaviY ev msL¨vZ¥K N. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n hLb Zvij¨ msK‡U c‡o †Kv_vI FY
c×wZ| miKvi cÖ‡qvRbxq gyn‚‡Z© eÛ, wmwKDwiwUR msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZLb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡ii
†LvjvevRv‡i †hgb weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb evRvi n‡Z G¸‡jv AwffveK wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsKmg~n‡K FY mieiv‡n
µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †LvjvevRv‡i G mKj GwM‡q Av‡m|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  331
DÏxc‡K ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK‡K evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki FY †`qvi Zvij¨ msKU `~i Kivi †Póv K‡i| Gme Drm †_‡K FY bv
†hŠw³KZv i‡q‡Q| KviY evsjv‡`k e¨vsK FY`v‡bi †kl †c‡jI ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vsK n‡Z FY cvq| KviY
AvkÖq¯’j| ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK 2001 mv‡j evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ GKwU e¨vsK|
ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv ïiæ K‡i| m`m¨ e¨vs‡Ki Avw_©K msKU `~i K‡i e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg
evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfz³ nIqvq ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK evsjv‡`k h_vh_fv‡e cwiPvjbvq mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨c` jvf K‡i| 2009 mv‡j ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK Zvij¨ FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯’j wn‡m‡e ¯^Y©jZv e¨vsK‡K FY
msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb n‡j e¨vsKwU wewfbœ Drm n‡Z A_© msMÖn K‡i w`‡q‡Q|

Abykxjbxi mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi


cÖkœ \ 1 \ me e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi †K? cÖkœ \ 3 \ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wnmv‡e †K KvR K‡ib?
DËi : me e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi n‡”Q †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| DËi : evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e Mfb©i KvR
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †Kvb e¨vsK AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa K‡i|
wnmv‡e KvR K‡i? cÖkœ \ 4 \ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv †Kv_vq eva¨Zvg~jK Znwej Rgv iv‡L?
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e DËi : evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Znwej Rgv
KvR K‡i| iv‡L|

Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ `ÿZv¯Í‡ii cÖkœ I DËi


 Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi  cÖkœ \ 13 \ GK e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b wb®úwË Kiv
cÖkœ \ 1 \ KLb gy`ªvevRvi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q? nq Kvi gva¨‡g?
DËi : mß`k kZvãxi gv‡S hLb c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsKB GK e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Ab¨ e¨vs‡Ki †jb‡`b
cÖKvi e¨vs‡Ki Avwef©ve nq ZLb gy`ªvevRvi wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb®úwË K‡i wbKvk N‡ii gva¨‡g|
†`Lv †`q| cÖkœ \ 14 \ †`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZôvb †KvbwU?
cÖkœ \ 3 \ e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv †K? DËi : †`‡ki †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi ÿgZvcÖvß cÖwZôvb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡”Q e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv| cÖkœ \ 15 \ evsjv‡`‡k gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK †Kvb e¨vsK?
cÖkœ \ 4 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx RvZxq cÖwZôvb? DËi : evsjv‡`‡k gy`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK Agybvdv‡fvMx RvZxq cÖkœ \ 16 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gvwjK †K?
cÖwZôvb| DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gvwjK n‡jv miKvi|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Kx? cÖkœ \ 17 \ A_© e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K †K?
DËi : me©mvavi‡Yi g½j wbwðZ Kiv Ges †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K DËi : A_© e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K n‡jv evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
gReyZ wfwËi Ici `uvo Kiv‡bvB n‡”Q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨| cÖkœ \ 18 \ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kv_vq ZvwjKvfz³ nq?
cÖkœ \ 6 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? DËi : evwYwR¨K e¨vcsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K ZvwjKvfz³ nq|
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| cÖkœ \ 19 \ mym¤úwK©Z e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v m„wó K‡i †K?
cÖkœ \ 7 \ †Kvb e¨vsK wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? DËi : mym¤úwK©Z e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v m„wó K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki wbKvk Ni wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖkœ \ 20 \ AgybvdvwfwËK RvZxq cÖwZôvb †Kvb e¨vsK?
cÖkœ \ 8 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ Kx? DËi : AgybvdvwfwËK RvZxq cÖwZôvb n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
DËi : RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ _vKvB †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki gyL¨ cÖkœ \ 21 \ †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ K‡i †K?
D‡Ïk¨| DËi : †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K gReyZ K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK †K? cÖkœ \ 22 \ wewbgq gva¨g m„wó Kiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi KvR?
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK| DËi : wewbgq gva¨g m„wó Kiv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY KvR|
cÖkœ \ 10 \ evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? cÖkœ \ 23 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cwiPvjbv K‡i †K?
DËi : evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ| DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cwiPvjbv K‡i e¨e¯’vcbv cl©`|
cÖkœ \ 11 \ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb cÖkœ \ 24 \ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK †K?
K‡ib †K? DËi : evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
DËi : evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv cÖavb wn‡m‡e Mfb©i `vwqZ¡ cÖkœ \ 25 \ miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi †K?
cvjb K‡ib| DËi : miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
cÖkœ \ 12 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e gy`ªvi µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i?
DËi : evRv‡ii A_© mieiv‡ni n«vm-e„w× K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªvi  Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi 
gvb Z_v µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i| cÖkœ \ 1 \ Ô†K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveKÕ e¨vL¨v Ki|
beg-`kg †kÖwY : wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs  332
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK Ges gy`ªvi c~Y© cÖkœ \ 8 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K gy`ªv DËi : gybvdv AR©b †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb jÿ¨ bq| †`‡k wewnZ
evRv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq| †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Avw_©K mg„w× gy`ªv gy`ªvi cwigvY I F‡Yi cwiw¯’wZ‡K wbqš¿‡Y †i‡L Ges A_©‰bwZK
evRv‡ii w¯’wZkxjZvi Ici wbf©ikxj| Avi †`‡ki mg„w× gv‡bB w¯’wZkxjZv cÖwZôv K‡i RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY mvabB Gi cÖavb jÿ¨| G
miKv‡ii mg„w×| ZvB miKvi Zvi †`‡ki mg„w×i Rb¨ †K›`ªxq j‡ÿ¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi Rb¨ wewfbœ
e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZvq gy`ªv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK- e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖkœ \ 9 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kb ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i?
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i _v‡K|
miKvwi wbqš¿‡Y †_‡K Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv K‡i| miKv‡ii n‡q KviY GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi wbf©i K‡i †mB †`‡ki
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K A‡bK Kvh©vw` m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRv‡f©i Ici| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK ch©vß ˆe‡`wkK
miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi, cÖwZwbwa I civgk©K wn‡m‡e wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gy`ªvq Znwej msiÿY K‡i _v‡K|
Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i| ZvB †K›`ªxq e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e cÖkœ \ 10 \ gy`ªvevRv‡ii wbqš¿K ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
L¨vZ| DËi : gy`ªvevRvi‡K Avcb MwZ‡Z Pj‡Z w`‡j †mwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi
cÖkœ \ 3 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e KvR Rb¨ ûgwK n‡q `uvovq| gy`ªvevRvi‡K wbqš¿‡Y ivL‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| wbqš¿K wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cÖkœ \ 11 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K e¨vswKs mgv‡Ri †bZv ejv nq †Kb?
RbM‡Yi RgvK…Z A‡_©i GKwU wbw`©ó Ask wb‡Ri Kv‡Q Rgv iv‡L| DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki †bZv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsK¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi ˆ`bw›`b †jb‡`‡bi †bZv †hgb Zvi mgvR‡K †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GwM‡q wb‡q hvq
gva¨‡g †h †`bv-cvIbv m„wó nq †m¸‡jvi wb®úwË K‡i| wewfbœ †Zgwb †K›`ªxq e¨vsK e¨vswKs mgvR‡K w`K wb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g GwM‡q
Lv‡Z e¨vsK cÖ`Ë FY Av`v‡q G e¨vsK mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| ZvB ejv wb‡q hvq|
hvq, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖkœ \ 12 \ †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb m¤ú‡K© †jL|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ wbKvkNi Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : †`‡ki e¨emvq-evwYR¨ I mKj A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewj
DËi : †h Awd‡m ev ¯’v‡b e‡m wbw`©ó GjvKvi ZvwjKvfz³ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h †bvU I gy`ªv Bmy¨ K‡i Zv‡K †bvU
e¨vsKmg~‡ni ga¨Kvi †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË Kiv nq, ZvB wbKvk I gy`ªv cÖPjb e‡j| †bvU I gy`ªv cÖPjb Kivi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
Ni| †PK, WªvdU, wej, Pvjvb, `wjj n‡Z e¨vsKmg~‡ni ˆ`bw›`b †`‡k hveZxq †jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó
†`bv-cvIbv m„wó nq| Gme †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwËi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K K‡i|
e¨vsK¸‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb ev Awdm e¨envi cÖkœ \ 13 \ ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K‡i| G Awdm ev ¯’vbB wbKvk Ni| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ DËi : †h †KŠk‡j wewfbœ †`‡ki ga¨Kvi evwYwR¨K, wewb‡qvM I
wbKvk Ni cwiPvwjZ nq| Ab¨vb¨ †jb‡`b wb®úwË Kiv nq Zv‡K ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq e‡j| GK
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y e¨vL¨v Ki| †`‡ki gy`ªv Ab¨ †`‡k P‡j bv| G‡ÿ‡Î ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq GK †`‡ki
DËi : evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv F‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨w³, cÖwZôvb ev wkí‡K gy`ªv Ab¨ †`‡ki gy`ªvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wewfbœ
A_© cÖ`vb K‡i| wKšÍy †`‡ki gy`ªvgvb I `ªe¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxj ivL‡Z n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wj‡ji gva¨‡g ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq KvRwU m¤úvw`Z
n‡j A‡_©i cwigvY †ewkI n‡Z cvi‡e bv, KgI n‡Z cvi‡e bv| nq| e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ˆe‡`wkK wewbg‡q mnvqZv K‡i|
A_©vr mnbkxj ch©v‡q _vKv Avek¨K| †h c×wZ‡Z miKv‡ii c‡ÿ cÖkœ \ 14 \ e¨vsK nvi bxwZi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki gy`ªvevRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY Kvg¨¯Í‡i iv‡L, DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h nv‡i ZvwjKvfz³ evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n‡K
Zv‡K FY wbqš¿Y e‡j| myZivs evRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY fvimvg¨ FY `vb K‡i ev †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Zv‡`i cÖ_g †kÖwYi
¯Í‡i a‡i ivLvB n‡jv FY wbqš¿Y| wej I wmwKDwiwUR evÆv K‡i Zv‡K e¨vsK nvi e‡j| G nv‡ii n«vm-
cÖkœ \ 6 \ cwimsL¨vb wefv‡Mi KvR Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| e„w× NwU‡q †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y Kivi †KŠkj‡K e¨vsK nvi
DËi : †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU Ab¨Zg wefvM n‡jv cwimsL¨vb bxwZ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
wefvM| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`k-we‡`‡ki A_©evRvi, A_©bxwZ I mswkøó cÖkœ \ 15 \ Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
wewfbœ wel‡q Z_¨ mieivn K‡i _v‡K Z_v mieivn Kivi KvRwU DËi : e¨vs‡Ki cÖPwjZ AvBbvbyhvqx evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i
cwimsL¨vb wefvM m¤úv`b K‡i| †gvU Avgvb‡Zi GKwU wbw`©ó Ask †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Rgv ivL‡Z nq|
cÖkœ \ 7 \ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK m„wói D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK A_©bxwZi ¯^v‡_© G nvi evwo‡q ev Kwg‡q F‡Yi
DËi : A_© e¨e¯’vi wbqš¿K I aviK n‡jv †K›`ªxq e¨vsK| cwigvY Kvg¨¯Í‡i ivLvi †KŠkj AbymiY K‡i| G‡K Rgvi nvi
gy`ªvevRvi‡K kw³kvjxKiY Ges †`‡ki e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v‡K mwVKfv‡e cwieZ©b bxwZ e‡j|
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