mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  118

Aa¨vq-`k
evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK mgm¨v
Kx c`‡ÿc †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i? †Zvgvi
 enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi gZvgZ `vI| 4
1. †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv 1 bscÖ
‡kœ
i DËi 
n‡q‡Q KZ mv‡j?
K 1980 L 1983  1986 N 1988 K G‡_‡Ý we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi N‡i
2. †hŠZzK cÖ_v cÖwZ‡iv‡a †hme e¨e¯’v A_©-m¤ú` wb‡q †hZ|
MÖnY Kiv hvq Zv n‡”Q- L †Kej †Q‡j mšÍvb bq, Kb¨vmšÍvb‡KI
i. mKj‡K mywkwÿZ Kiv D”Pwkÿv MÖn‡Y DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY,
ii. †g‡q‡`i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i M‡o †Zvjv
Kb¨v D”PwkwÿZ n‡j †hŠZzK cÖ_vi wei“‡×
iii. gvby‡li gv‡S m‡PZbZv ˆZwi Kiv
†mv”Pvi I m‡PZb n‡Z cvi‡e| †g‡q‡`i‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii  i, ii I iii
D”PwkwÿZ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡`i
Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c_ myMg n‡e| Zviv
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi
DËi `vI : AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡j †hŠZz‡Ki Awfkvc †_‡K
Rbve wgRvb Zvi †g‡q gwiq‡gi we‡qi mgq gyw³ cv‡e| ZvB Kb¨v mšÍvb‡K D”Pwkÿv
RvgvB‡K GKwU †nvÛv †`b| we‡qi wKQyw`b ci MÖn‡Y DØy× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
gwiq‡gi k¦ïi evwoi †jvKRb Zv‡K UvKv Avb‡Z
evevi evwo cvVvq| gwiqg UvKv Avb‡Z e¨_© M Rvwn‡`i evev-gv‡qi cÖ¯ÍvewU
nq| d‡j Zvi Ici kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †h cÖ_vwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i
†b‡g Av‡m| †mwU n‡jv Ô†hŠZzK cÖ_vÕ| mvaviYZ
3. gwiqg †Kvb mvgvwRK we‡qi mgq ei ev K‡b wecixZ c‡ÿi KvQ
mgm¨vi
m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q? †_‡K †h A_© ev m¤úwË `vwe K‡i I MÖnY
K wbiÿiZv  †hŠZzK
K‡i Zv‡KB ejv nq †hŠZzK| GwU GKwU
M Kzms¯‹vi N
RbmsL¨v ùxwZ mvgvwRK KzcÖ_v| evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK
4. D³ mgm¨vi KviY n‡”QÑ m¤ú`kvjx gvbyl Zv‡`i Kb¨vi we‡q‡Z wecyj
i. `vwi`ª¨
A‡¼i †hŠZzK †`q| abx wcZv-gvZvi aviYv
ii. bvixi wbf©ikxjZv
iii. AvB‡bi `ye©j cÖ‡qvM †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i Kb¨v ¯^vgxi N‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? gv_v DuPz K‡i _vK‡e| DÏxc‡K iÿYkxj
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii
Rvwn‡`i cwievi bvwmgvi cwiev‡ii wbKU
 i, ii I iii
†_‡K A_©-m¤ú` †P‡qwQj hv †hŠZzK
 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi  cÖ_v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| wKš‘ Rvwn` †m¸‡jv
wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| myZivs K‡bi c‡ÿ †_‡K
cÖkœ- 1 evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK cÖ_v we‡qi mgq †h m¤ú` ei cÿ MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K
îî †hŠZzK e‡j| DÏxc‡K †mwUB cÖgvwYZ
Rvwn` iÿYkxj cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ mšÍvb| n‡q‡Q|
bvwmgvi mv‡_ Rvwn‡`i we‡q‡Z Rvwn‡`i N DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖ_vwU n‡jv
gv evev wKQz g~j¨evb DcnvimvgMÖx I
Ô†hŠZzK cÖ_vÕ| GwU GKwU N„wYZ
e¨emv Kivi Rb¨ 5 jÿ UvKv wb‡Z PvB‡j
mvgvwRK e¨vwa| ZvB GwU cÖwZ‡iv‡a
Rvwn` †m¸‡jv wb‡Z ivwR nq wb| Rvwn`
Zv‡`i‡K eywS‡q ej‡jv †h, G¸‡jv MÖnY Kiv bvbvai‡bi c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv hvq e‡j Avwg
wKsev GB cÖ_v‡K mg_©b Kiv Zvi c‡ÿ g‡b Kwi| cY¨ µq Kivi g‡ZvB †hŠZzK wb‡q
Am¤¢e| Rvwn‡`i evev-gv wb‡R‡`i fzj Kb¨vcÿ I eic‡ÿi g‡a¨ `iKlv Kwl n‡q _v‡K|
eyS‡Z cvi‡jb| ¯^”Qj cwiev‡ii Rb¨ GwU mvaviY e¨vcvi
K. G‡_‡Ý we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi N‡i wK n‡jI `wi`ª cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Zv wb`viæY K‡ói I
wb‡q †hZ? 1 weo¤^bvi| Avi DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn` †hŠZzK
L. Kb¨v mšÍvb‡K D”Pwkÿv MÖn‡Y cÖ_vi KzcÖfve m¤ú‡K© AeMZ| Rvwn‡`i
DØy× Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki| g‡Zv Avgv‡`i‡KI †hŠZzK cÖ_vb eiæ‡×
2 †mv”Pvi n‡q DV‡Z n‡e| †hŠZzK cÖ_vi
M. Rvwn‡`i evev gv‡qi cÖ¯ÍvewU weiæ‡× e¨vcK RbgZ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z
Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Kvb cÖ_vwU‡K RbMY Gi weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m¤ú‡K©
Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i| †hŠZz‡Ki `vwe`vi hviv
N. DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ cÖ_vi †iva K‡í Kx
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  119
Zv‡`i we‡q‡Z AskMÖnY n‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| bvixwkÿvi e„w× NwU‡q
n‡e Ges mvgvwRKfv‡e Zv‡`i‡K eR©b Zv‡`i‡K AvaywbK wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡Z
Ki‡Z n‡e| msweav‡b gwnjv‡`i AwaKvi n‡e| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, †hŠZzK GKwU
iÿvi Rb¨ AvBb cÖYqb Ges cÖYxZ AvB‡bi mvgvwRK KzcÖ_v| G e¨vwa †_‡K †ewi‡q
ev¯Íevq‡b h_vh_ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avmvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i m‡e©v”P †Póv Ki‡Z
evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î †hŠZzKwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb n‡e|

10. Ò†hŠZzK GKwU cÖvPxb cÖ_vÓÑ ej‡Z

 welqµg Abyhvqx Kx ejv n‡q‡Q? (Abyaveb)
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi  A‡bK cyi‡bv cÖ_v L bZzb cÖ_v
M AvaywbK ms¯‹vi N eZ©gvb cÖ_v
Ü cvV-1 : evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK cÖ_vº 11. †hŠZzK †Kvb hy‡Mi cÖ_v? (Ávb) [cUzqvLvjx
†evW© eB, c„ôv 68 miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq; Lyjbv wRjv ¯‹zj|]
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi KAvaywbK L ga¨hyMxq 
cÖvPxb N K…wl mgv‡Ri
1. AwaKvsk we‡q‡Z eic¶ K‡bc‡¶i Kv‡Q 12. eic¶ K‡b c‡¶i Kv‡Q A_©m¤ú` `vwe K‡i
Kx `vwe K‡i? (Ávb)
†Kb? (Abyaveb)
K m¤§vb L cÖfve  †hŠZzK N c`K
K wejvwmZvi Kvi‡Y  `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y
2. †Kvb †`‡k cÖvPxbKv‡j we‡qi ci K‡b
M wbiÿZvi Kvi‡Y N Amnvq‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y
¯^vgxi N‡i †hŠZzK wb‡q †hZ? [ev‡MinvU
miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq] 13. eZ©gv‡b weevn we‡”Q‡`i cwigvY
K G‡_‡Ý  Px‡b M wgk‡i N fvi‡Z evo‡Q †Kb? (Abyaveb)
 †hŠZz‡Ki Rb¨ L Kzms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨
3. G‡_‡Ý we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi N‡i Kx
M Awk¶vi Rb¨ N cvwievwiK Kvi‡Y
wb‡q †hZ? (Ávb)
K †Pqvi-†Uwej L _vjv-evwU 14. we‡qi ci `v¤úZ¨ Kjn m„wó nq †Kb?
 A_©-m¤úwË N LvU-cvjs (Abyaveb)
K Awek¦v‡mi Rb¨ L mšÍv‡bi Rb¨
4. G‡_‡Ý †hŠZzK cÖ_v‡K Kx wn‡m‡e †`Lv
 †hŠZz‡Ki Rb¨ N wcZvgvZvi Kvi‡Y
n‡Zv? (Ávb)
 mvgvwRK gh©v`v L AmvgvwRK
15. Avgv‡`i †`‡k abx wcZvgvZviv we‡qi
mgq †g‡q‡K †hŠZzK †`q †Kvb aviYv
gh©v`v
†_‡K? (Abyaveb)
M ¸bvni KvR N cy‡Y¨i
K ¯^vgxi N‡i e‡m e‡m Lv‡e L †g‡qi
KvR
Avw_©K m”QjZvi Rb¨
5. evsjv‡`‡ki weevnmsµvšÍ AvB‡b Kx  ¯^vgxi N‡i gv_v DuPz K‡i _vK‡e N ¯^vgx‡K
wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
†Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z n‡e bv
K †gvnivbv cÖ`vb L weevn †`qv
16. Òevsjv‡`‡ki weevn AvB‡b GwU †`qv I
 †hŠZzK Av`vb-cÖ`vb N Nyl †bqv `ywUB wbwl×Ó GLv‡b
cÖ`vb †KvbwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q?
6. evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk we‡q‡Z Kviv (cÖ‡qvM)
†hŠZzK †`q? (Ávb)  †hŠZzK L Dcnvi M †gvnivbv N AjsKvi
 K‡bc¶ L eic¶ M mgvR cÖavb N 17. A‡bK mgq G AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM bv
AwZw_ nIqvq ¯¿xi Dci wbh©vZb evo‡Q|
7. Kx Kvi‡Y mgvR Rxe‡b bvbv mgm¨vi GLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb mvgvwRK
m„wó nq? (Ávb)
mgm¨vi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(cÖ‡qvM)
 †hŠZz‡Ki L †jLvcovi M
K wbiÿiZv L †eKviZ¡  †hŠZzK N
A_©Kwo N gvqv-ggZv gv`Kvm³
8. Kx Kvi‡Y ¯^vgxi msmv‡i ¯¿x‡K 18. we‡qi mgq ei ev K‡b wecixZ c‡ÿi KvQ
wbMÖn †fvM Ki‡Z nq? (Abyaveb) †_‡K †h A_© ev m¤úwË `vwe I MÖnY
K gvqv-ggZv Kg _vKvq  †hŠZzK K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? [we.wm.AvB.wm. K‡jR,
w`‡Z bv cvivq wgicyi, XvKv]
M fv‡jvevmvi NvUwZ _vKvq N K m¤ú` L †gvnivbv M †jvf  †hŠZzK
AvZ¥wek¦vm Kg _vKvq 19. msmv‡i ciwbf©ikxj Rxebhvcb K‡i †K?
9. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK Kx wn‡m‡e †`Lv (Ávb)
K evev L `v`v M fvB  ¯¿x
w`‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
K ivR‰bwZK jovB L cvwievwiK Kjn
20. †Kvb ai‡bi bvixiv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î
M A_©‰bwZK `~ie¯’v 
¯^vgxi wbMÖn I wbh©vZb †fvM K‡i?
(Abyaveb)
mvgvwRK e¨vwa
 ciwbf©ikxj L
AvZ¥wbf©ikxj
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  120
M wkwÿZ N Kg©Rxex  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
21. bvwdmvi we‡q‡Z eicÿ 8 jÿ UvKv 31. †hŠZz‡Ki `vwe c~iY Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j
`vwe Kij| G `vwewU wb‡Pi †KvbwUi ¯¿x‡K (Abyaveb)
AvIZvfz³? (cÖ‡qvM) i. wbMÖn †fvM Ki‡Z nq ii. msmvi
 †hŠZzK L Dcnvi M AwaKvi N FY Qvo‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq
22. weevwnZ bvixi cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi I iii. PvKwi Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq
mwnsmZvi g~j KviY Kx? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
[Lyjbv wRjv ¯‹zj|]  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K wnsmv L Awkÿv M cÖwZwnsmv  32. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK n‡”Q we‡qi mgq
†hŠZzK (Abyaveb)
23. evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk bvix †Kvb Kv‡R i. K‡b‡K cÖ`Ë †gvnivbv ii. ei‡K
wbhy³ _v‡K? (Ávb) cÖ`Ë A_©m¤úwË
 M„nK‡g© L iii. ei‡K cÖ`Ë g~j¨evb miÄvg
ag©K‡g© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M K…wlK‡g© N Drcv`b K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K‡g© 33. †hme bvix msmv‡i ciwbf©ikxj Zviv
24. evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK m¤ú`kvjx gvbyl Zv‡`i (Abyaveb)
Kb¨vi we‡q‡Z wecyj A‡¼i UvKv †`q| i. ¯^vgxi wbMÖn †fvM K‡i ii. ¯^vgxi
GUv‡K Kx e‡j? (cÖ‡qvM) wbh©vZb †fvM K‡i
K †jvf jvjmv  †hŠZzK M iii. ¯^vgxi KvQ †_‡K AbyK¤úv cvq
wejvwmZv N mn‡hvwMZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
25. Avgv‡`i g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h †hŠZzK  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
†`qv I †bqv `yB-B mgvb Aciva| G Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
msµvšÍ AvBb †KvbwU? (cÖ‡qvM)
 †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb L wk¶v
cÖ‡kœvËi
welq AvBb wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 34 I 35 bs cÖ‡kœi
M cwi‡ek AvBb N bvix AvBb DËi `vI :
KzZzew`qv MÖv‡g bvbv ai‡bi mvgvwRK
enyc`x mgvwßm~PK mgm¨vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| cÖvq N‡i bvix‡`i Dci
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bv nq| Zviv G †_‡K gyw³jv‡fi
26. evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU mvgvwRK mgm¨v Dcvq LyuR‡Q| [gvwbKMÄ miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
n‡jv (Abyaveb)
34. KzZzew`qv MÖv‡gi bvbviKg mgm¨vi
i. RbmsL¨v ùxwZ ii. wbiÿiZv iii. g‡a¨ gvivZ¥K mvgvwRK e¨vwa
†hŠZzKcÖ_v wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K g¨v‡jwiqv L evj¨weevn M
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii eûweevn  †hŠZzK cÖ_v
27. mvgvwRK mgm¨v cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ 35. D³ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y †hme mgm¨v m„wó
cÖ‡qvRb (Abyaveb) nq
i. mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv i. `v¤úZ¨ Kjn ii. ¯¿x
ii. cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM nZ¨v
iii. mfv-mwgwZi e¨e¯’v Kiv iii. weevn we‡”Q`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
28. mvgvwRK mgm¨vi d‡j †`‡ki (D”PZi `ÿZv)
i. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb evavMÖ¯Í nq Ü cvV-2 I 3 : †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
ii. mvgvwRK Dbœqb evavMÖ¯Í nq Ges †hŠZzK cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRK
iii. ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb evavMÖ¯Í nq Av‡›`vjb º †evW© eB, c„ôv-91
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
29. †hŠZzK †hme mvgvwRK mgm¨vi g~j 36. †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb cÖPwjZ Av‡Q
KviY (Abyaveb) †Kvb †`‡k? (Ávb)
i. eûweevn ii.  evsjv‡`k L KjKvZvq M Pxb N
evj¨weevn wm‡qivwjI‡b
iii. Aciva cÖeYZv 37. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖYqb nq KZ mv‡j? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K 1979 L 1971  1980 N 1985
30. `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b †hŠZz‡Ki cÖfve (D”PZi 38. 1980 mv‡ji †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
`ÿZv)
Abyhvqx Acivax Kx kvw¯Í cv‡e? (Ávb)
i. `v¤úZ¨ Kjn ii.
K 1 eQi †_‡K 5 eQi Kviv`Ê
wbh©vZb L g„Zz¨`Ê ev 14 eQ‡ii †Rj
iii. bvixi gh©v`v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  121
 1 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê ev cuvP nvRvi UvKv 50. †hŠZz‡Ki _vev †_‡K i¶v cv‡e Avgv‡`i
A_©`Ê mgvR| GLv‡b Ô†hŠZz‡Ki _vevÕ ej‡Z
N hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê I 20 nvRvi UvKv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
K †hŠZz‡Ki fv‡jv w`K  †hŠZz‡Ki Kzdj
A_©`Ê
M Kzms¯‹vi N ivR
39. 1983 mv‡j †Kvb AvBb Pvjy nq? ‰bwZK cÖfve
[eY©gvjv Av`k© D”P we`¨vjq I K‡jR, XvKv] 51. †g‡q‡`i D”Pwk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e
K †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb L †Kb? (Abyaveb)
ms‡kvwaZ †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb  †hŠZz‡Ki Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z L †hŠZzK
 bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb N bvix I wkï †`qvi Dchy³ n‡Z
cvPvi cÖwZ‡iva AvBb M †hŠZzK †bqvi Dchy³ n‡Z N fv‡jv
40. †KvbwU †`qv Ges †bqv †_‡K weiZ PvKwi Ki‡Z
_vK‡Z n‡e? (Ávb) 52. †Kvb mv‡j †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
K †KŠkj L †mœn  †hŠZzK N `qvgvqv
ms‡kvab Kiv nq? (Ávb)
[ev‡MinvU miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq; wf. †R. miKvwi D”P
41. we‡qi mgq KZ UvKv ch©šÍ Dcnvi w`‡j Zv we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v|]
†hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv? (Ávb) K 1981 L 1982 M 1984  1986
K 300  500 M 700 N 900 53. evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRRxe‡b †hŠZyK cÖ_v
42. KZ mv‡ji AvBb Abyhvqx †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y we¯Í„wZi cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e Zzwg
wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j bvixi g„Zz¨ NUv‡bvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU wPwýZ Ki‡e? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
˜ `vwi`ª¨ L wk¶v M Aw¯’iZv N
†Póv Ki‡j hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê I A_©`‡Ê `yb©xwZ
`wÊZ Kiv hv‡e? (Ávb)
54. †hŠZz‡Ki Kzdj wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K
K 1980 L 1981 M 1982  1983
wPwýZ Ki‡e? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
43. 1986 mv‡ji AvBb Abyhvqx †hŠZzK K Rb Am‡šÍvl L mvgvwRK eÂbv ˜
cÖ`vb ev MÖnYKvixi kvw¯Í Kx? (Ávb) bvix wbhv©Zb N GKKweevn
K m‡e©v”P 1 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê L 55. eZ©gv‡b we‡qi †ÿ‡Î Kx‡mi Av`vb-
m‡e©v”P 2 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê cÖ`vb †e‡o †M‡Q? (Ávb)
M m‡e©v”P 3 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê   †hŠZzK L †gvnivbv M Dcnvi N †cvkvK
m‡e©v”P 5 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê
56. †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv
44. kvgmy wgqv Zvi ¯¿x iwngv wewe‡K
n‡q‡Q †Kb? (Abyaveb)
†hŠZz‡Ki Rb¨ nZ¨v Kij| Zvi Kx ai‡bi
K Acivaxi kvw¯Í Kgv‡Z  Acivaxi
kvw¯Í n‡Z cv‡i? (cÖ‡qvM)
K 1 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê L cuvP nvRvi UvKv
kvw¯Í evov‡Z
A_©`Ê M Acivax‡K gyw³i c_ K‡i w`‡Z N
 g„Zz¨`Ê N 5 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê mnvqZvKvix‡K kvw¯Íi AvIZvq Avb‡Z
45. †Kvb mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRK 57. †hŠZzK cÖ_v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Avgv‡`i
Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv `iKvi? (Ávb) Kx Ki‡Z n‡e? (Abyaveb)
K gvbeZv L fv‡jvevmv  †hŠZzK K AvBb cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e L AvB‡bi
N D”Pwkÿv Aeva¨ n‡Z n‡e
46. evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb M †hŠZzK eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e  m‡PZb
cÖYqb n‡q‡Q †Kb? (Abyaveb) n‡Z n‡e
K evj¨ween eÜ Kivi Rb¨ L eû 58. †hŠZz‡Ki Kzdj †_‡K iÿv †c‡Z Kx MÖnY
weevn eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Kiv `iKvi? (Abyaveb)
M bvix wbh©vZb Kgv‡bvi Rb¨  †hŠZzK
K cvwievwiK wkÿv L mvgvwRK wkÿv M
cÖ_v eÜ Kivi Rb¨
ag©xq wkÿv  D”P wkÿv
47. †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i
m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e †Kb? (Abyaveb) enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
K †hŠZz‡Ki mydj jvf Kivi Rb¨
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
L †hŠZzK m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨
 †hŠZz‡Ki Kzdj †_‡K gy³ nIqvi Rb¨ 59. †hŠZz‡Ki mv‡_ †hme NUbvi m¤úK©
N `vwi‡`ª¨i Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨ Av‡Q (Abyaveb)
48. †hŠZzK we‡ivax mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o i. bvix wbh©vZb ii. bvix
Zzj‡Z n‡e †Kb? [K¨vgweªqvb ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv] AcniY
K mgv‡R †hŠZzK eva¨Zvg~jK Kivi Rb¨  iii. weevn we‡”Q`
†hŠZz‡Ki Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M †hŠZzK cÖ_v‡K Awfb›`b Rvbv‡Z N
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
evj¨weevn †iva Ki‡Z
60. †hŠZzK bvgK Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z
49. msMwVZ mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva ej‡Z
†hme AvB‡bi mdj ev¯Íevqb GKvšÍ
Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? (Abyaveb)
K A_©‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb 
Avek¨K- (D”PZi `ÿZv)
mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb i. †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb ii. gymwjg
M cvwievwiK Av‡›`vjb N ivR cvwievwiK AvBb
‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb iii. bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  122
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 67. evj¨Kv‡j ev wK‡kviKv‡j †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ga¨ we‡qi NUbv NU‡j Zv‡K Kx ejv
61. †hŠZzK cÖ_v mgm¨vi m„wó K‡iÑ nq? (Ávb)
(Abyaveb) K eûweevn L Aby‡jvg
i. ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b ii. mvgvwRK Rxe‡b weevn
iii. cvwievwiK Rxe‡b  evj¨weevn N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖwZ‡jvg weevn
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii 68. evsjv‡`k KZ mv‡ji evj¨weevn wb‡iva
62. †hŠZzKwe‡ivax mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb AvBb AbymiY K‡i? (Ávb)
M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ mnvqZv MÖnY Kiv K 1919  1929 M 1939 N 1949
cÖ‡qvRbÑ (Abyaveb) 69. evsjv‡`k KZ mv‡j evj¨weevn wb‡iva
i. AvBbRxex‡`i AvBb Aby‡gv`b K‡i? (Ávb)
ii. ¯’vbxq Dbœqb Kg©x‡`i K 2010 L 2012  2014 N 2016
iii. BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi 70. †Q‡ji eqm 21 Ges †g‡qi eqm 18 Gi Kg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? n‡j Zv‡`i Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii K e„× L †cŠp M ZiæY  wkï
63. †hŠZzKwe‡ivax msMV‡bi 71. evsjv‡`‡k evj¨weev‡ni cÖavb KviY
Kvh©µgmg~n (Abyaveb) Kx? (Ávb)
i. †hŠZzKwe‡ivax mfv, c`hvÎv, i¨vwj Kiv ii.  `vwi`ª¨ L ¯^”QjZv M wbcxob N e¨_©Zv
wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡bv 72. `wi`ª¨ wcZv Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi evj¨ween
iii. AvBwb I me ai‡bi mnvqZv `vb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †`b †Kb? (Abyaveb)
K A‡_©i †jv‡f L B”Qv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
64. †hŠZzKwe‡ivax mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o c~iY
†Zvjvi djvdj (D”PZi `ÿZv)  fiY‡cvlY Ki‡Z bv †c‡i N
[wf. †R. miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, PzqvWv½v] cÖ‡ivPbvq c‡o
73. Kwig mv‡ne Zvi 14 eQ‡ii †g‡q‡K cv‡ki
i. weevnwe‡”Q` eÜ nq ii. bvix evwoi myg‡bi mv‡_ we‡q †`q| G‡ÿ‡Î
wbh©vZb eÜ nq
iii. mK‡ji m‡PZbZv e„w× nq
mvgvwRK †Kvb mgm¨v dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii evj¨weevn L eûweevn M Aby‡jvg

Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb weevn N weaev weevn

74. evj¨weev‡ni Av‡iKUv KviY Kx?
cÖ‡kœvËi
(Ávb)
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi K fv‡jv Lvevi L eskgh©v`v
DËi `vI : †hŠZzK N ¯^”QjZv
Avgv‡`i cv‡ki evwoi GKwU †g‡qi we‡q‡Z
†hŠZzK †`Iqvi K_v n‡q‡Q| cywjk †mB Lei †c‡q enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
ei I K‡bi c‡¶i AwffveK‡`i a‡i †R‡j wb‡q hvq| enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
Zv‡`i GK eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê Ges cuvP nvRvi UvKv
A_©`Ê w`‡Z nq| 75. evj¨weevn ejv hv‡e
65. ei I K‡b c‡ÿi AwffveK‡`i †Kvb AvB‡bi AvIZvq (Abyaveb)
kvw¯Í †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) i. K‡bi eqm 18 Gi Kg n‡j ii. †Q‡ji eqm 21
 1980 mv‡ji †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb Gi †ewk n‡j
L 1986 mv‡ji †hŠZzK ms‡kvwaZ AvBb
iii. e‡ii eqm 21 Gi Kg n‡j
M 1983 mv‡ji bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb
AvBb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
N gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb
66. Aby‡”Q‡` DwjøwLZ Ae¯’v Gov‡Z (D”PZi 76. evj¨weevn wb‡iva AvBb 1929
`ÿZv) Abyhvwq wkï ej‡Z †evSvq (Abyaveb)
i. †hŠZz‡Ki Kzdj m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K m‡PZb i. 18 eQ‡ii Kg eqwm †g‡q‡K
Kiv ii. 21 eQ‡ii Kg eqwm †Q‡j‡K
ii. †hŠZzKwe‡ivax mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb iii. 21 eQ‡ii †ewk eqwm †Q‡j‡K
M‡o †Zvjv
iii. AvB‡bi h_vh_ cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 77. evj¨weev‡ni KviYmg~n n‡jv
(Abyaveb)
Ü cvV-4 : evj¨weev‡ni aviYv I i. †hŠZzK ii. `vwi`ª¨Zv
KviY º †evW© eB, c„ôv-92 iii. eLv‡U‡`i
DrcvZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  123
78. evj¨weev‡ni wcQ‡b Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv K †Q‡j‡`i  †g‡q‡`i M e„ׇ`i N ZiæY‡`i
(Abyaveb) 86. cwc cov‡kvbv K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q
i. evev-gvi kL ii. `vw`-bvwbi kL `vwo‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j †KvbwU †iva Kiv
iii. cÖwZ‡ewki B”Qv hvq? (cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  evj¨weevn L ¯^”QjZv M AvBbN
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii cÖkvmb
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
cÖ‡kœvËi enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 79 I 80 bs cÖ‡kœi 87. evj¨weev‡ni d‡j e„w× cvq
DËi `vI : (Abyaveb)
mvËvi mv‡n‡ei 14 eQ‡ii †g‡q iw³gv `kg i. gvZ…g„Zz¨nvi ii. wkï g„Zz¨nvi
†kªwY‡Z c‡o| †m cÖwZw`b cv‡q †nu‡U iii. cywónxbZv
we`¨vj‡q hvq| cv‡ki evwoi eLv‡U †Q‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†mvnvM Zv‡K cÖwZw`b hvIqv-Avmvi c‡_ D˳ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K‡i| iw³gv Zvi evev‡K welq¸‡jv Rvbv‡j wZwb 88. evj¨weevn †iv‡a M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e
†g‡q‡K GK gv‡mi g‡a¨ we‡q w`‡q †`b| (Abyaveb)
79. DÏxc‡K †Kvb mvgvwRK mgm¨vi K_v i. wkwÿZ RvwZ ii. AvZ¥wbf©ikxj
dz‡U D‡V‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM) RvwZ
 evj¨weevn L eûweevn M †hŠZzK N iii. AwkwÿZ RvwZ
weaevweevn wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
80. D³ mgm¨vi cÖZ¨ÿ djvdj n‡jv (D”PZi `ÿZv)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. cvwievwiK AkvwšÍ ii. †g‡q‡`i 89. evj¨weev‡ni kvw¯Í n‡jv
¯^v¯’¨SzuwK (Abyaveb)
iii. cvwievwiK wbivcËv i. GK gvm webvkªg Kviv`Ê ii. Dfq `‡Ê
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? `wÊZ n‡e
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. GK nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ü cvV-5 : evj¨weev‡ni cÖfve, K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
cÖwZ‡iva I AvBb
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
º †evW© eB, c„ôv-93
cÖ‡kœvËi
mvaviY enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 90 I 91 bs cÖ‡kœi
81. Kx‡mi d‡j e¨w³K I mvgwóK mgm¨v DËi `vI :
ˆZwi nq? (Ávb) Kvjvg I Rvwn` mv‡ne cvwievwiKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv
 evj¨weev‡ni L wbivcËvi M gvZ… K‡i Zv‡`i 18 eQ‡ii †Q‡j I 14 eQ‡ii †g‡qi we‡q
‡Z¡i N eÜz‡Z¡i wVK K‡i| we‡qi c~e©gyn‚‡Z© cywjk Lei †c‡q
82. wkï‡`i Dchy³ wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i Zzj‡Z NUbv¯’‡j G‡m Kvjvg I Rvwn` mv‡ne‡K
n‡e †Kb? (Abyaveb) †MÖdZvi K‡i wb‡q hvq| Zv‡`i `yR‡bi GK gvm
K evj¨weev‡ni Rb¨ L eûweev‡ni Rb¨ webvkªg Kviv`Ê I GK nvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv nq|
 m‡PZbZvi Rb¨ N wbieZvi Rb¨ 90. Aby‡”Q‡`i Kvjvg I Rvwn` mv‡ne †Kb
83. evj¨weevn Kx ai‡bi Aciva? kvw¯Íjvf K‡ib? (cÖ‡qvM)
(Ávb)  evj¨weev‡ni Rb¨ L †hŠZz‡Ki Rb¨
kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ L ÿgvi †hvM¨M M eûweev‡ni Rb¨ N weaevweev‡ni Rb¨
m¤§vbRbK N wbK…ó 91. D³ mgm¨v †iv‡a KiYxq n‡jv
84. evj¨weevn †iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv (D”PZi `ÿZv)
cvjb Ki‡e Kviv? (Ávb) i. m‡PZbZv evov‡Z n‡e
K GKwU ciwbf©ikxj RvwZ L GKwU ii. wkwÿZ RvwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e
†eqvov RvwZ iii. AvZ¥wbf©ikxj RvwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e
 GKwU AvZ¥wbf©ikxj RvwZ N GKwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
AwkwÿZ RvwZ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
85. evj¨weevn †iv‡a Kv‡`i me‡P‡q †ewk
m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
`wi`ª w`bgRyi dwi‡`i mv‡_ cwci we‡q
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi n‡qwQj gvm Pv‡iK Av‡M| `wi`ª wcZv
†g‡qi my‡Li K_v wPšÍv K‡i we‡qi kZ©
cÖkœ- 1 †hŠZzK mgm¨v I Zvi mgvavb
Abyhvqx 20 nvRvi UvKv w`‡qwQj
îî RvgvB‡K| wKš‘ G‡Z mš‘ó n‡Z cv‡iwb
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  124
RvgvB dwi`| †m AviI UvKv Avbvi Rb¨ †invB †c‡Z cwc †cvkvK ˆZwi K‡i ci
cwci Ici wbh©vZb ïiæ K‡i| Amn¨ wbf©ikxjZv Gov‡Z mÿg n‡e| AvšÍwiKZv I
wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y †kl ch©šÍ cwci evev cwikÖgx g‡bvfv‡ei gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i †`‡k
†g‡q‡K wb‡Ri evwo‡Z wb‡q Av‡mb Amnvq A‡bK †g‡qB G ai‡bi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
Ges Zv‡K GKwU †mjvB †gwkb wK‡b fwel¨‡Z AviI eo ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi
†`b|
m‡½ m¤ú„³ n‡”Q| ZvB †mjvB †gwkb µ‡qi
K. †KvbwU‡K †hŠZzK cÖ_vi g~j KviY
e‡j g‡b Kiv nq? 1 c`‡ÿcwU cwci Amnvq Ae¯’vi Aemvb NUv‡e-
L. †hŠZzK cÖ_vi Kzdj †_‡K Kxfv‡e GK_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq|
gy³ nIqv m¤¢e? 2 cÖkœ- 2 †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
M. DÏxc‡K dwi` †Kb †hŠZzK îî
wb‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
abvX¨ e¨emvqx AvgRv` †nv‡mb Zuvi
N. Ò†mjvB †gwkb µ‡qi c`‡ÿcwU cwci
GKgvÎ D”P wkwÿZ †g‡q wgZvi mv‡_
Amnvq Ae¯’vi Aemvb NUv‡eÓ-
Dw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 cÖwZ‡ekx jyrdi ingv‡bi BwÄwbqvi cyÎ
1 bscÖ
‡kœ
i DËi  ivRx‡ei we‡q †`b| we‡qi GK eQi †h‡Z
bv †h‡ZB ivRxe XvKvq GKwU d¬¨vU
K `vwi`ª¨‡K †hŠZzK cÖ_vi g~j KviY †Kbvi Rb¨ bM` 50 jÿ UvKv †bqvi Rb¨
e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| wgZvi Dci cÖej Pvc m„wó K‡i|
L †hŠZzK cÖ_vi Kzdj †_‡K gy³ n‡Z n‡j AvgRv` mv‡ne UvKv w`‡Z AcviMZv
Avgv‡`i m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| †hŠZzK cÖKvk K‡ib| GKw`b cvwievwiK Kj‡ni
cÖwZ‡iva Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB m‡PZb Ki‡Z †Ri a‡i ivRx‡ei nv‡Z wbg©gfv‡e Lyb
n‡e cvwievi‡K| †hŠZzK †`qv I †bqv †_‡K nq wgZv| [b¨vkbvj AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj, XvKv]
wb‡R‡`i weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| GKB m‡½ K. evsjv‡`‡ki me©cÖ_g Ô†hŠZzK wbwl×KiY
Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx‡KI G wel‡q m‡PZb AvBbÕ KZ mv‡j cvk nq? 1
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e L. evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk weevwnZ bvix
AvB‡bi Avkªq, cwiev‡ii Kb¨v mšÍvbmn Kxiƒc Rxebhvcb K‡i? 2
mevB‡K D”PZi wkÿv MÖn‡Y DØy× Kiv M. ivwR‡ei Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í †Kvb
`iKvi| Gfv‡eB †hŠZzK cÖ_v cÖwZ‡iva Kiv
AvB‡bi AvIZvq n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v
m¤¢e|
Ki| 3
M DÏxc‡Ki dwi` Zvi `wi`ª Ae¯’v N. wgZvi g‡Zv D”PwkwÿZ †g‡q‡`i
NyPv‡ZB †hŠZzK wb‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡k euvPv‡Z mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjbB
†hŠZzK cÖ_v GKwU gvivZ¥K mvgvwRK djcÖm~ gZvgZ `vI| 4
e¨vwa| Gi †cQ‡b bvbv KviY i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
`vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡YB G mgm¨vi m„wó n‡q‡Q
e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| G‡`‡ki AwaKvsk weevwnZ K evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g Ô†hŠZzK
bvix mvsmvwiK Kv‡R wjß _vKvq †m wbwl×KiY AvBbÕ 1980 mv‡j cvm nq|
†Kv‡bv A_© DcvR©‡b †Kv‡bv f‚wgKv L evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk weevwnZ bvix
ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB `vwi`ª¨ cwiev‡ii ¯^vgx †Kej M„nK‡g©B wbhy³ _v‡K| N‡ii me KvR
AwZwi³ fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ wngwkg †L‡Z nq| Ki‡jI Zvi †Kv‡bv A_© DcvR©b nq bv| Zviv
ZvB †m ¯¿xi cwievi †_‡K †hŠZzK Av`v‡qi ¯^vgxi msmv‡i ciwbf©ikxj Rxebhvcb K‡i|
Rb¨ µgvMZ ¯¿x I Zvi cwievi‡K Pvc †`q| ZvB G‡`‡ki bvixiv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î ¯^vgxi
`vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡YB eicÿ K‡bc‡ÿi Kv‡Q A_©- wbMÖn I wbh©vZb †fvM K‡i|
m¤ú` `vwe K‡i| K‡bi wcZvi A_©-m¤ú`
e¨envi K‡iB ei cÖwZôv jvf Ki‡Z Pvq| M †hŠZzK‡jvfx ivwRe Zvi ¯¿x wgZv‡K
DÏxc‡Ki `wi`ª w`bgRyi dwi`I G Kvi‡YB wbg©gfv‡e Lyb K‡i| ivwR‡ei Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í
†hŠZzK wb‡qwQj| 1983 mv‡ji AvB‡bi AvIZvq n‡Z cv‡i| 1983
mv‡ji bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb
N DÏxc‡Ki cwc †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y Abyhvqx †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y wbh©vZb K‡i
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡j †Kv‡bv cÖwZKvi bv bvixi g„Zz¨ NUv‡j ev g„Zz¨ NUv‡bvi †Póv
†c‡q cwci evev †g‡q‡K evwo wb‡q Av‡mb Ki‡j Acivax‡K g„Zz¨`Ê ev hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê
Ges GKwU †mjvB †gwkb wK‡b †`b| I A_©`‡Ê `wÊZ Kiv hv‡e| †h‡nZz ivwRe
†g‡q‡K ¯^vej¤^x K‡i †Zvjvi j‡ÿ¨B cwci †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y wgZv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q ZvB
evev †g‡q‡K †mjvB †gwkb wK‡b †hŠZzK‡jvfx ivwR‡ei Aciv‡ai kvw¯Í 1983 mv‡ji
w`‡q‡Qb| †mjvB †gwk‡bi Øviv †cvkvK AvB‡bi AvIZvq n‡Z cv‡i|
ˆZwi K‡i †m mn‡RB ¯^vej¤^x n‡q DV‡Z N DÏxc‡K ewY©Z D”PwkwÿZ wgZv
cv‡i| ¯^vgxi AbyMÖn I wbh©vZb †_‡K †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y ¯^vgxi nv‡Z wbg©gfv‡e
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  125
Lyb nq| G‡ÿ‡Î ejv hvq, †Kej D”Pwkÿv †PBb Dcnvi †`b| hv wbtm‡›`‡n 500 UvKvi
†hŠZz‡Ki Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z h‡_ó bq| †P‡q g~j¨gv‡b †ewk| Dciš‘ Zv we‡qi
eis, Avwg g‡b Kwi GRb¨ mvgvwRK †gvnivbvI bq| ZvB Rvdi mv‡n‡ei Dcnvi cÖK…
Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| †hŠZzKwe‡ivax Zc‡ÿ †hŠZzK|
mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ N Avwg Rvdi mv‡n‡ei aviYvi mv‡_
wkwÿZ gvbyl, AvBbRxex, BDwbqb cwil‡`i †gv‡UI GKgZ bB| DÏxc‡K Rvdi mv‡ne g‡b
†Pqvig¨vb I m`m¨ Ges ¯’vbxq Dbœqb K‡ib, `vwg Dcnvi wb‡q †M‡j K‡b ¯^vgxi
Kg©x‡`i mnvqZv MÖnY Kiv `iKvi| mevB evwo‡Z gv_v DuPz K‡i _vK‡e| GRb¨ wZwb
wg‡j GKwU †hŠZzKwe‡ivax msMVb M‡o Zvi †ev‡bi †g‡qi we‡q‡Z Dcnv‡ii Avei‡Y `vwg
Zzj‡j GB mvgvwRK mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ ¯^‡Y©i †PBb ei‡K †hŠZzK †`b| e¯‘Z evsjv‡`‡ki
cvIqv hv‡e| GB msMVb †hŠZz‡Ki Kvi‡Y A‡bK m¤ú`kvjx gvbyl Zv‡`i Kb¨vi we‡q‡Z
wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡e Ges wecyj A‡¼i †hŠZzK †`q| Rvdi mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv
Zv‡`i me ai‡bi mnvqZvmn AvBwb abx wcZv-gvZv I AwffveK‡`i aviYv †hŠZz‡Ki
mnvqZvI †`‡e| ZvQvov, G msMVb Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i Kb¨v ¯^vgxi N‡i gv_v DuPz K‡i
†hŠZzKwe‡ivax mfv, c`hvÎv Ges i¨vwj _vK‡e| wKš‘ G Kvi‡Y †hŠZzK cÖ_v
Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z me gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv mgvRgvb‡mi Mfxi g~‡j evmv †eu‡a‡Q| bvixi
ˆZwi n‡e Ges †hŠZz‡Ki _vev †_‡K iÿv cv‡e gh©v`v †gv‡UI e„w× cvqwb| eis G‡ÿ‡Î eicÿ
Avgv‡`i mgvR| myZivs wgZvi g‡Zv AviI †ewk `vwe K‡i Ges bvix wbh©vZ‡bi c_
D”PwkwÿZ †g‡q‡`i euvPv‡Z mvgvwRK †e‡Q †bq| mgv‡Ri ev¯ÍeZvI ZvB| myZivs,
Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi weKí †bB| ev¯ÍeZvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Avwg g‡b Kwi, Rvdi
cÖkœ- 3 †hŠZz‡Ki cÖfve mv‡n‡ei aviYv m¤ú~Y© fzj| †hŠZzK bvixi
îî gh©v`v‡K ¯^vgxi M„‡n DuPz ev e„w× K‡i
Avwgb mv‡n‡ei †g‡q w`bvi we‡q| †g‡qi bv eis AZ¨vPv‡ii c_ Ly‡j †`q|
gvgv Rvdi mv‡ne e‡ii Rb¨ †ek `vwg GKwU
¯^‡Y©i †PBb Dcnvi w`‡jb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib cÖkœ- evj¨wee‡ni aviYv I KviY
G‡Z Zvi †ev‡bi †g‡qwU ¯^vgxi N‡i gv_v 4 
DuPz K‡i _vK‡e|
K. †Kv_vq †hŠZzK MÖnY‡K mvgvwRK mygvBqvi eqm 15 eQi| †m `kg †kªwYi
gh©v`v wn‡m‡e †`Lv n‡Zv? 1 wkÿv_©x| mygvBqv Zvi GjvKvi me‡P‡q
L. evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk we‡q‡Z †Kvb KzcÖ_vi my›`ix †g‡q wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| GRb¨ Zv‡K
PP©v nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 I Zvi cwievi‡K wewfbœ eLv‡U †jvK KZ…
M. Rvdi mv‡n‡ei cÖ`Ë Dcnvi cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ©K D˨³ n‡Z nq| eLv‡Uiv mygvB‡K
Kx n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 fvjevmvi cÖ¯Íve †`q, Avevi A‡b‡K Zvi
N. Zzwg wK Rvdi mv‡n‡ei aviYvi mv‡_ cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q we‡qi cÖ¯Íve cvVvq| GRb¨
GKgZ? e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 mygvBqvi evev ZwoNwo K‡i 10 eQi
cÖev‡m _vKv †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zvi we‡q †`b|
K G‡_‡Ý †hŠZzK MÖnY‡K mvgvwRK K. † 1
gh©v`v wn‡m‡e †`Lv n‡Zv| L. † 2
L we‡qi mgq ei ev K‡b wecixZ c‡ÿi KvQ M. mygvBqvi we‡qwU †Kvb ai‡bi
†_‡K †h A_© ev m¤úwË `vwe K‡i I MÖnY K‡i we‡qi AšÍf‚©³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
Zv‡KB ejv nq †hŠZzK| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k N. Avgv‡`i mgv‡R G ai‡bi we‡q †Kb
cÖvq me‡ÿ‡ÎB eicÿ K‡bc‡ÿi KvQ †_‡K †hŠZzK msNwUZ nq e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki?
`vwe K‡i| †hŠZzK Qvov cÖvq Kv‡bv we‡qB gZvgZ `vI| 4
nq bv| GwU GKwU mvgvwRK KzcÖ_vq cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q|
K †
M Rvdi mv‡n‡ei Dcnvi cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
†hŠZzK| gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡b we‡qi L †
†gvnivbv‡K †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq bv| M DÏxc‡K mygvBqvi we‡qwU
ZvB we‡qi †gvnivbv e¨wZZ we‡qi mgq ei‡K evj¨weev‡ni AšÍfz©³| evj¨weevn ej‡Z
†h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi Avw_©K mnvqZv I Dcnvi †evSvq †h we‡q‡Z ei I K‡b DfqB wkï ev ei
cÖ`vb Kiv‡K †hŠZzK ejv nq| Z‡e we‡qi mgq I K‡bi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKRb wkï A_©vr
500 UvKv ch©šÍ Dcnvi w`‡j Zv †hŠZzK
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ evj¨ve¯’v ev wK‡kviKvj
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K Rvdi mv‡ne
Zvi fvwMœ w`bvi we‡q‡Z ei‡K `vwg GKwU †h we‡qi NUbv N‡U Zv‡K evj¨weevn e‡j|
evj¨ween wb‡iva AvBb 1929 Abyhvqx
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  126
wkï ej‡Z 18 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx †g‡q Ges 21 M. DÏxc‡K myivBqvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU
eQ‡ii Kg eqmx †Q‡j‡K †evSvq| myZivs jÿYxq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
hv‡`i g‡a¨ we‡q nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Q‡ji eqm N. D³ welqwU cÖwZ‡iv‡a Kx KiYxq
hw` 21 eQi I †g‡qi eqm 18 Gi Kg nq| Z‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI| 4
†m we‡q‡K evj¨ween e‡j| Avevi †Q‡j I
†g‡qi Df‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv GKR‡bi eqm hw`
Aby‡gvw`Z eq‡mi †P‡q Kg nq Z‡e †m K †
we‡qI evj¨ween e‡j MY¨ n‡e| DÏxc‡K L †
mygvBqvi eqm 15 eQi| Avi †m eq‡mB Zvi
evev Zv‡K we‡q †`b| ZvB weev‡ni M DÏxc‡K myivBqvi †ÿ‡Î evj¨wee‡ni
Aby‡gvw`Z eqm n‡Z mygvBqvi eqm Kg cÖfve jÿ Kiv hvq| †Q‡ji eqm 21 eQ‡ii Kg I
e‡j G‡K evj¨ween e‡j MY¨ Kiv hvq| †g‡qi 18 eQ‡ii Kg n‡j Zv‡K evj¨ween e‡j|
myivBqvi 15 eQi eq‡m we‡q nq ZvB Zvi
N Avgv‡`i mgv‡R bvbv Kvi‡Y evj¨ween
we‡q‡K evj¨ween ejv nq| evj¨wee‡ni d‡j
msNwUZ nq| evj¨ween msNwUZ nevi
†Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq‡K A‡bK kvixwiK I gvbwmK
KviY KZ ¸‡jv A_©‰bwZK Ges A‡bK¸‡jv
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
mvgvwRK| Z‡e evj¨wee‡ni KviY wn‡m‡e
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i gvbwmK I kvixwiK cwic°Zv
†ewk cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i A_©‰bwZK
Avmvi c~‡e©B Zviv evev-gv n‡q hvq|
KviYmg~n| Avgv‡`i †`‡k evj¨wee‡ni
G‡Z †`Lv hvq wK‡kvix †g‡qwU kvixwiK
cÖavb KviY n‡”Q `vwi`ª| `wi`ª wcZv Zvi
cywónxbZvi ¯^xKvi n‡q `ye©j I cywónxb
Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi Rxebhvc‡bi e¨qfvi enb Ki‡Z
wkïi Rb¥ †`q| G‡Z gvZ…g„Zz¨ I wkï
bv †c‡i Zv‡K Kg eq‡m we‡q w`‡q k¦ïi
g„Zz¨i nvi e„w× cvq| †hgb DÏxc‡K
evwo‡Z cvVvq| Avevi ïay `vwi`ª¨Zvi Kvi‡Y
myivBqvI Aí eq‡m gv nvIqvi Kvi‡Y
bq A‡bK mgq mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Afv‡ei
cywónxbZvi ¯^xKvi n‡q cywónxb wkïi
K_v wPšÍv K‡i Zv‡`i Kg eqwm †g‡q‡`i
Rb¥ †`q| ZvB cÖvq mgq myivBqv I Zvi
we‡q †`b| we‡kl K‡i DÏxc‡Ki mygvBqvi gZ
wkï mšÍvb Amy¯’ _v‡K| AcwiYZ eq‡m
my›`ix †g‡q n‡j Pviw`‡K eLv‡U‡`i Drcv‡Z
hv‡`i wb‡q nq Zv‡`i kvixwiK I gvbwmK
AwZó n‡qI †g‡q‡K we‡q †`qvi cÖeYZv jÿ
Acwic°Zvi Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii Kvh©vewj
Kiv hvq| mygvBqvi evevI mvgvwRK
mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z Aÿg nq| hvi d‡j
wbivcËvi K_v †f‡e †g‡q‡K 15 eQi eq‡m
cvwievwiK AkvwšÍ m„wó n‡q A‡bK †ÿ‡Î
we‡q †`b| evj¨wee‡ni wcQ‡b Avevi evev-
weevn we‡”Q` †`Lv †`q| Av‡jvPbvi
gv I `vw`-bvwbi kLI Ab¨Zg KviY wn‡m‡e
†cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki myivBqvi Ae¯’v
KvR K‡i| AwffveKiv Zv‡`i AcÖvßeq¯‹
evj¨wee‡ni cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfve|
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i we‡q w`‡q kL c~iY K‡i|
N evj¨ween GKwU mvgvwRK mgm¨v,
evj¨wee‡ni Av‡iKUv KviY n‡jv †hŠZzK|
hvi d‡j bvbv ai‡bi e¨w³K I mvgwóK
†hŠZzK cÖvwßi †jv‡f †Q‡ji eveviv wK‡kvix
mgm¨v ˆZwi nq| ZvB evj¨weevn
†g‡q‡K eD wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| Av‡jvPbvi
cÖwZ‡iv‡a bvbvwea c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, evj¨weev‡ni KviY
Riæwi e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| evj¨ween
wn‡m‡e A‡bK mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Ab¨Zg e¨e¯’v n‡jv m‡PZbZv,
Dcv`vb KvR K‡i hv evj¨wee‡ni nvi
evj¨wee‡ni ÿwZKi w`Kmg~n m¤ú‡K©
e„wׇZ f‚wgKv iv‡L e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
m‡PZb nevi gva¨‡g Gi nvi Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|
wkï wK‡kvi‡`i Dchy³ wkÿvq wkwÿZ K‡i
cÖkœ- evj¨wee‡ni cÖfve, cÖwZ‡iva I AvBb
M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| wkwÿZ n‡j Zviv m‡PZb
5  n‡e Ges Gi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡e|
myivBqvi we‡q nq c‡bi eQi eq‡m| †m evev-gv I Awffve‡Ki mv‡_ †Lvjv‡gjv
wVKgZ msmvi Rxeb ey‡S DVvi Av‡MB Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov †Q‡j I †g‡q
AšÍtmË¡v nq| Zvi kvixwiK cywónxbZv I DfqB †hb wb‡Ri cv‡q `vov‡Z cv‡i †m
`ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y †m GKwU cywónxb wkïi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GKwU
Rb¥ †`q| cÖvq mgq myivBqv I Zvi wkï AvZ¥wbf©ikxj RvwZ evj¨weevn
mšÍvb Amy¯’ _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S Zvi ¯^vgxi cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
mv‡_I mvsmvwiK e¨vcv‡i SMov nq| we‡kl K‡i evj¨weevn m¤ú‡K© †g‡q‡`i
K. † 1 m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| evj¨weevn GKwU
kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| evj¨weev‡ni †ÿ‡Î
L. † 2
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  127
kvw¯Í¯^iƒc †Rj I Rwigvbvi welqwU cÖkœ- 7 †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| îî
Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, m‡e©vcwi Kwj wUwf‡Z Lei †`LwQj| nVvr GKwU Lei Zvi
evj¨weev‡ni Kzdj m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K bRi Kvoj| †m †`L‡Z †cj ¯^vgx I Zvi cwiev‡ii
m‡PZb Kivi gva¨‡g evj¨weevn cÖwZ‡iva wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y cwj bv‡gi M„nea~
Kiv m¤¢e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q
cwji evevi wbKU †_‡K †gvUv As‡Ki UvKv `vwe
 Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ m„Rbkxj K‡i| MÖv‡gi wkwÿZ hyeK mygb G NUbvq
cÖkœe¨vsK (DËims‡KZmn) DrKÉv cÖKvk K‡i Gi weiæ‡× AvBwb e¨e¯’v
†bqvi civgk© Rvbvq cwji cwievi‡K|
cÖkœ- 6 †hŠZz‡Ki cÖfve I cÖwZKvi K. KZ mv‡j †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
îî ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
AvRv` AvR‡Ki GKwU cwÎKvi cÖ_g c„ôvi L. †hŠZzK GKwU mvgvwRK mgm¨v-
cÖ_g LeiUv c‡o welv`MÖ¯Í n‡q co‡jb| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Rvgcyi MÖv‡g GK ¯^vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K Kzwc‡q M. DÏxc‡K †h mvgvwRK mgm¨vi Bw½Z cvIqv
nZ¨v K‡i‡Q ïaygvÎ we‡qi mgq Zvi `vweK…Z hvq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
A_© bv cvIqvq| N. D³ mvgvwRK mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î DÏxc‡K
K. `vwi`¨ Kx ai‡bi mgm¨v? 1 myg‡bi civg‡k©i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki|
L. †`b‡gvni ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 4
M. DÏxc‡K AvRv` mgv‡R cÖPwjZ †Kvb cÖ_vi Le‡i
welv`MÖ¯Í? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K 1986 mv‡j †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
N. D³ cÖ_vi weiæ‡× mvgvwRKfv‡e AvRv‡`i
ms‡kvab nq|
KiYxq we‡kølY Ki| 4
L Avgv‡`i †`‡ki bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg mgm¨v n‡jv †hŠZzK cÖ_v| G‡`‡ki
K `wi`ª¨ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU mvgvwRK weevn msµvšÍ AvB‡b †hŠZzK cÖ`vb
mgm¨v| wbwl× wKš‘ ZeyI AwaKvsk we‡q‡Z eicÿ
L Bmjvg a‡g©i ixwZ Abyhvqx †`b‡gvni Kb¨vc‡ÿi KvQ †_‡K bM` A_©, wRwbmcÎ
nj we‡qi mgq ¯^vgx KZ…©K ¯¿x‡K cÖ‡`q BZ¨vw` `vwe K‡i| eZ©gv‡b †hŠZzK Qvov
bM` A_© wKsev Aj¼vi wKsev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv weevn m¤úbœ nq bv| GwU GKwU
m¤ú`| †`b‡gvni we‡qi mgq wba©viY K‡i KzcÖ_vq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
wb‡Z nq| GwU mvaviYZ K‡bi cvwievwiK I X-clusive wjsK : cÖ‡qvM (M) I D”PZi `ÿZvi
mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx wba©viY Kiv (N) cÖ‡kœi Dˇii Rb¨ Abyiƒc †h cÖ‡kœi
n‡q _v‡K| †`b‡gvni ¯¿xi wbR¯^ m¤ú`| G‡Z DËi Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e-
Ab¨ KviI †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB| M Ò†hŠZzK cÖ_v evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU
X-clusive wjsK : cÖ‡qvM (M) I D”PZi `ÿZvi mvgvwRK mgm¨vÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
(N) cÖ‡kœi Dˇii Rb¨ Abyiƒc †h cÖ‡kœi
DËi Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e- N †hŠZzK cÖ_v wb‡ivaK‡í †hŠZzK wb‡iva
AvBb KZUzKz Ae`vb ivL‡e e‡j g‡b Ki|
M evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZz‡Ki cÖfve eY©bv Ki| †Zvgvi gZvgZ Zz‡j ai|
N †hŠZzK cÖ_v wb‡ivaK‡í M„nxZ
c`‡ÿc¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki|

cÖkœ \ 4 \ †Kv_vq we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi

 Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi N‡i wb‡q †h‡Zv A_© m¤úwË?
cÖkœ \ 1 \ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Ab¨Zg DËi : G‡_‡Ý we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi N‡i wb‡q
mvgvwRK mgm¨v †KvbwU? †hZ A_©m¤úwË|
DËi : Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Ab¨Zg mvgvwRK cÖkœ \ 5 \ weevwnZ bvixi cÖwZ
mgm¨v n‡jv †hŠZzK| AZ¨vPvi I mwnsmZvi g~j KviY Kx?
cÖkœ \ 2 \ †hŠZzK Kx? DËi : weevwnZ bvixi cÖwZ AZ¨vPvi I
DËi : we‡qi mgq ei ev K‡b wecixZ c‡ÿi mwnsmZvi g~j KviY †hŠZzK|
KvQ †_‡K †h A_© ev m¤úwË `vwe K‡i I cÖkœ \ 6 \ gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡b
MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq †hŠZzK| †KvbwU‡K †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq bv?
cÖkœ \ 3 \ cÖvPxb Px‡b †hŠZzK cÖ_v DËi : gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡b †gvnivbv‡K
†Kgb wQj? †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq bv|
DËi : cÖvPxb Px‡b we‡qi ci K‡b ¯^vgxi N‡i cÖkœ \ 7 \ we‡qi mgq KZ UvKv ch©šÍ Dcnvi
†hŠZzK m‡½ wb‡q †hZ| w`‡j Zv †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv?
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  128
DËi : we‡qi mgq 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Dcnvi w`‡j Zv K‡bc‡ÿi KvQ †_‡K †hŠZzK MÖnY K‡i|
†hŠZzK wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e bv| eZ©gv‡b †hŠZzK Qvov †Kv‡bv weevn
cÖkœ \ 8 \ KZ mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k m¤úbœ nq bv| ZvB GwU GKwU mvgvwRK
†hŠZzKwb‡iva AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq? KzcÖ_vq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
DËi : 1980 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK wb‡iva cÖkœ \ 2 \ 1980 mv‡ji †hŠZzK wb‡iva
AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq| AvBb D‡jøL Ki|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ KZ mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK DËi : evsjv‡`k miKvi 1980 mv‡j †hŠZzK
wb‡iva AvBb cÖYqb K‡i| G AvBb Abyhvqx
wb‡iva AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv nq? †hŠZzK cÖ`vb ev MÖnY Ki‡j m‡eŸ©v”P 1
DËi : 1986 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k †hŠZzK wb‡iva eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê ev cuvP nvRvi UvKv A_©`Ê
AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv nq| n‡Z cv‡i| wePviK Acivax‡K GKm‡½ Dfq `Ê
cÖkœ \ 10 \ 1986 mv‡ji †hŠZzK w`‡Z cv‡ib| †hŠZzK Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b
wb‡iva ms‡kvwaZ AvB‡b †hŠZz‡Ki mnvqZvKvixI GKB kvw¯Í cv‡e|
Rb¨ Kx kvw¯Íi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q? cÖkœ \ 3 \ 1986 mv‡ji ms‡kvwaZ †hŠZzK
DËi : 1986 mv‡ji ms‡kvwaZ AvB‡b wb‡iva AvBb m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb wjL|
†hŠZzK cÖ`vb ev MÖnY Ki‡j Acivaxi DËi : 1986 mv‡ji †hŠZzK wb‡iva AvBb
me©wbgœ 1 eQi Ges m‡e©v”P 5 eQ‡ii ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q| ms‡kvwaZ AvBb
Kviv`Ê n‡e| Abyhvqx †hŠZzK cÖ`vb ev MÖnY Ki‡j
cÖkœ \ 11 \ evj¨ween ej‡Z Kx Acivax me©wbgœ 1 eQi Ges m‡e©v”P 5
†evSvq? eQ‡ii Kviv`‡Ê `wÊZ n‡e|
DËi : †h we‡q‡Z ei K‡b DfqB wkï ev ei I cÖkœ \ 4 \ evj¨weevn Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K‡bi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKRb wkï †m we‡q‡K DËi : †h †Q‡j‡g‡qi g‡a¨ we‡q nq Zv‡`i
evj¨weevn e‡j| g‡a¨ hw` †Q‡ji eqm 21 eQi Ges †g‡qi
cÖkœ \ 12 \ evj¨wee‡ni †ÿ‡Î eqmmxgv eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg nq A_©vr we‡qi Rb¨
KZ? AvBb Aby‡gvw`Z eq‡mi †P‡q DfqB hw`
DËi : †Q‡j‡`i †ÿ‡Î 21 Ges †g‡q‡`i †ÿ‡Î 18 Kg eqmx nq Zvn‡j †m we‡q‡K evj¨weevn
eQi| e‡j| ïay †Q‡ji eqm 21 eQ‡ii Kg ev ïay †g‡qi
cÖkœ \ 13 \ `wi`ª¨ wcZv †Kvb Zvi eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg n‡j †m weevn I
†g‡q‡K Kg eq‡m we‡q †`q? evj¨weevn e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
DËi : Rxebhvc‡bi e¨qfvi enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv cÖkœ \ 5 \ evj¨weev‡ni KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v
e‡j| Ki|
cÖkœ \ 14 \ †Q‡ji eveviv †Kb wK‡kvix DËi : evj¨weev‡ni eûwea KviY i‡q‡Q Gi
Kb¨v‡K N‡ii eD wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i? g‡a¨ cÖavb KviY n‡”Q `vwi`ª¨| `wi`ª¨
DËi : †hŠZzK jv‡fi Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i| wcZv Zvi Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi Rxebhvc‡bi e¨qfvi
cÖkœ \ 15 \ gvZ…g„Zz¨‡Z I enb Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †g‡q‡K k¦ïievwo‡Z cvi
wkïg„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq †Kb? K‡i| ïay `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y bq A‡bK mgq
DËi : evj¨wee‡ni d‡j gvZ…g„Zz¨ I mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Afv‡e evj¨weev‡ni
wkïg„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq| cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq| eLv‡U‡`i DrcvZ †_‡K
cÖkœ \ 16 \ evj¨ween m¤ú‡K© iÿv †c‡ZI Kg eq‡m we‡q †`qv nq|
m‡PZbvi Rb¨ †KvbwU †ewk Riæwi? evj¨wee‡ni Ab¨Zg KviY †hŠZzK| †hŠZz‡Ki
DËi : evj¨ween m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZvi Rb¨ †jv‡f †Q‡ji eveviv wK‡kvix †g‡q‡K eD
wkÿvMÖnY Riæwi| wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i hvi d‡j evj¨weevn
cÖkœ \ 17 \ evj¨weev‡ni †ÿ‡Î kvw¯Í ev‡o|
Kx? cÖkœ \ 6 \ evj¨weev‡ni cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : GK gv‡mi webvkªg Kviv`Ê ev DËi : evj¨weev‡ni cÖfve A‡bK|
GKnvRvi UvKv Rwigvbv Ges Dfq `‡Ê `wÊZ evj¨weev‡ni d‡j †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i gvbwmK I
n‡Z cv‡i| kvixwiK cwic°Zv Avmvi c~‡e©B evev-gv
cÖkœ \ 18 \ evsjv‡`‡k KZ mv‡j n‡q hvq| G‡Z †`Lv hvq wK‡kvix †g‡qwU
evj¨weevn wb‡iva AvBb M„wnZ nq? kvixwiK cywónxbZvi ¯^xKvi n‡q `ye©j I
DËi : 2014 mv‡j| cywónxb wkïi Rb¥ †`q| gvZ…g„Z¨ I wkï
g„Zz¨i nvi e„w× cvq| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î weevn
 Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi we‡”Q` n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ \ 1 \ Ò†hŠZzK GKwU mvgvwRK cÖkœ \ 7 \ evj¨ween cÖwZ‡iv‡a KiYxq Kx?
mgm¨vÓ †Kb| DËi : evj¨weevn †iv‡ai Rb¨ Ab¨Zg Dcvq
DËi : Avgv‡`i †`‡ki bvbv mvgvwRK nj m‡PZbZv| ZvB m‡PZbZv evov‡bvi j‡ÿ¨
mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg n‡”Q †hŠZzK cÖ_v| G‡`‡ki wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡`i Dchy³ wkÿvq wkwÿZ
weevnmsµvšÍ AvB‡b †hŠZzK Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| evj¨weevn GKwU
wbwl×| Zey AwaKvsk we‡q‡Z eicÿ kvwšÍ‡hvM¨ Aciva G wel‡q mevB‡K
 mßg †kÖwY : evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq  129
m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| evj¨wee‡ni Kzdj cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| †Q‡j-†g‡q we‡kl K‡i †g‡q‡`i evj¨weev‡ni Kzdj
cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z n‡e| m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|
GKwU AvZ¥wbf©ikxj RvwZ evj¨weevn