BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

TRƯỜNG CÔNG NGHỆ & KỸ THUẬT - ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN

Technical English for

Lecturer: TS. TRẦN THANH HÙNG

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.1. Piston:
The piston is a component of the internal combustion engine. The
main function of the piston is to transform the pressure generated by the
burning air-fuel mixture into force, acting on the crankshaft. Passenger
vehicles have aluminium alloy pistons while commercial vehicles can
also have steel and cast iron pistons.
Piston geometry has many subtleties, due to the complexity of its
working environment, but the main parts of a piston are:
- Piston head, also called top or crown: is the upper part of the piston
which comes into contact with the gas pressure within the combustion
chamber.
- Ring belt: is the upper-middle part of the piston where the piston rings
are located.
- Pin boss: is the lower-middle part of the piston which contains the
piston pin,
- Piston skirt: is the area under the ring belt.
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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.1. Piston:
Vocabulary:
1

Matching quiz:
a. Ring belt 1
4
b. Piston head 2
c. Pin boss 3
d. Piston skirt 4

3 2

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.1. Piston:
Vocabulary:
- Component
- Transform
- Generated
- Passenger vehicles
- Aluminium alloy
- Commercial vehicles
- Steel
- Cast iron
- Subtleties
- Complexity
- Combustion chamber

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.1. Piston:
Question:
1. What is the primary function of a piston in an internal combustion
engine?
2. What materials are commonly used to make pistons in passenger
and commercial vehicles?
3. What are the main parts of a piston?
Answer:

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.2. Connecting rod:
A connecting rod is the part of a piston
engine that connects the piston to the
crankshaft. Together with the crank, the
connecting rod converts the reciprocating
motion of the piston into the rotation of the
crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to
transmit the compressive and tensile forces
from the piston. In its most common form, in
an internal combustion engine, it allows
pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the
shaft end.
The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanical linkage used by
water mills to convert the rotating motion of the water wheel into
reciprocating motion. The most common usage of connecting rods is in
internal combustion engines or on steam engines.
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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.2. Connecting rod:
Vocabulary:
- Connect
- Reciprocating motion
- Rotation
- Transmit
- Compressive
- Tensile
- Pivoting
- Predecessor
- Mechanical linkage
- Water mills
- Steam engines

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.2. Connecting rod:
Question:
1. What is the role of a connecting rod in a piston engine?
2. What types of forces does the connecting rod transmit from the
piston?
3. Where did the concept of the connecting rod originate from?
Answer:

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.3. Crankshaft:
The crankshaft is a rotating shaft driven by a crank mechanism. It is a
mechanical unit that facilitates the transformation of the linear
movement of the piston into a rotating motion. A crankshaft is an
important part of an engine’s power transmission system. Located within
the engine crankshaft block it works by using a connecting rod to
convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotating one. This
rotary motion generated by the crankshaft moves the flywheel, which
consequently moves the vehicle wheels.

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.3. Crankshaft:
Vocabulary:
- Crank mechanism
- Mechanical unit
- Facilitates
- Power transmission system
- Engine crankshaft block
- Flywheel
- Wheels

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2.1. Piston-Connecting rod-Crankshaft
2.1.3. Crankshaft:
Question:
1. What is the function of the crankshaft in an engine?
2. How does the crankshaft convert linear motion into rotary motion?
3. What component does the crankshaft move to power the vehicle's
wheels?
Answer:

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2.2. Cooling system
2.2. Cooling system:
A car cooling system is a closed
circuit that helps keep your engine
running at a safe temperature. A
cooling system is needed because
internal combustion engines create
heat at extremely high temperatures.
The cooling system is a set of
components that enables the flow of valve that opens when the
liquid coolant to the passages in the desired operating temperature is
engine block and head to absorb reached and circulates coolant
combustion heat. through the engine.
System components include a The cooling system also includes
radiator to remove heat, a fan or elements of the cabin ventilation
fans to ensure adequate airflow for system, as engine heat is used to
radiator cooling and a thermostat heat the car interior.
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2.2. Cooling system
2.2. Cooling system: How A Cooling System Works (Take home)
The system is made of passages inside the engine block and heads and
a water pump that circulates the coolant. It is also made of a thermostat
that controls the temperature of the coolant and a radiator cap to control
the pressure of the system. The coolant flows to all these spots with the
aid of interconnected hoses.
The water cooling system works by transferring liquid coolant through
passages in the engine block and heads. The coolant flows from the
radiator to absorb excessive heat production during the combustion
process. After the coolant receives the hotness, it’s transferred to the
radiator through a rubber hose.
As soon as the hot coolant enters the radiator, cooling begins. The air
stream entering the engine compartment from the front side of the car is
what provides the cooling. After the coolant is cooled, it returns to the
engine to carry out the same process. The water pump helps the
circulation of coolant to enter the hidden passages.
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2.2. Cooling system
2.2. Cooling system:
Vocabulary:
- Closed circuit
- Temperature
- Liquid coolant
- Passages
- Engine block
- Absorb
- Combustion heat
- Radiator
- Thermostat valve
- Cabin ventilation
- Car interior

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2.2. Cooling system
2.2. Cooling system:
Question:
1. Why is a cooling system necessary in a car?
2. What are the main components of a car cooling system?
3. How does the cooling system contribute to the car’s interior heating?
Answer:

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2.3. Lubrication system
2.3. Lubrication system:
The engine lubrication system is
to distribute oil to the moving parts
to reduce friction between surfaces.
Lubrication plays a key role in the
life expectancy of an automotive
engine. What it does is to reduce
friction between the two surfaces.
Lubrication further plays a
significant role in the life
expectancy of the automotive
engine. Now, it is extremely
important that the lubrication system perform to its optimal level due
is effective and functioning all the to overheating and thus it would
time because if the lubricating seize very quickly.
system fails, an engine would fail to
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2.3. Lubrication system
2.3. Lubrication system:
Vocabulary:
- Distribute
- Reduce
- Friction
- Surfaces
- Life expectancy
- Optimal level
- Seize

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2.3. Lubrication system
2.3. Lubrication system:
Question:
1. What is the purpose of the engine lubrication system?
2. How does lubrication affect the lifespan of an automotive engine?
3. What could happen if the lubrication system fails?
Answer:

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