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BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION (TG)
JUNIOR INTER MATHEMATICS - IA (2024-25)
MODEL PAPER (English Version)
Time: 3 Hrs. Max.Marks: 75

SECTION - A
Note: i) Very short answer type questions. 10 ´ 2 = 20
ii) Answer All questions.
iii) Each question carries Two marks.
π π π π
{0, ,
6 4 3 2}
1. If A =

et
, ,  and f : A→B is a surjection defined by f(x) = cosx then find B.

2.
.n 1
Find the domain of the real valued function f(x) = .

a
log(2−x)

3. If A =
2 3 −1
[ ] [ ]
7 8 5
b
and B =

i h1 0 1
2 −4 −1
then find A + B.

4. [ ]
If A =
i 0

rat
find A2.

5.
0 i

up
If a = 2i + 5j + K, b = 4i + mj + nk are collinear then find m and n.-
6.
ad
Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i + 3j + k and parallel to the vector
4i − 2j + 3k.

en
7.

.e
If a = i + 2j − 3k and b = 3i − j + 2k then show that a + b and a − b are ⊥ to each other.-

w
cos9° + sin9°
8. Prove that  = cot36°.-
cos9° − sin9°
9.
10.
w w
Find the period of the function defined by f(x) = tan(x + 4x + 9x + ..... + n2x).

If sinhx = 3, then show that x = loge(3 + √10 ).

SECTION - B
Note: i) Short answer type questions. 5 ´ 4 = 20
ii) Answer any Five questions.
iii) Each question carries Four marks.
-
11. If I = [ ] [ ]
1 0
0 1
,E=
0 1
0 0
then show that (aI + bE)3 = a3I + 3a2bE.

12. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagan with centre o the show that AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD =
6AO.
13. Find the equations of the plane passing through the point a = 2i + 3j − k and ⊥ to the vector 3i − 2j −
2k and the distance of this plane from the origin.-
π
14. If A is not on integral multiple of  then prove that (i) tanA + cotA = 2cosec2A
2
ii) cotA − tanA = 2cot2A.

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
a 2√ bc A
15. If sinθ =  then show that cosθ =  cos .
b+c b+c 2

16. ()
4
5
7
25 ( )117
Prove that sin−1  + sin−1  = sin−1  .
125 ( )

17. Solve 2cos2θ − √ 3sinθ + 1 = 0.

SECTION - C
Note: i) Long answer type questions. 5 ´ 7 = 35
ii) Answer any Five questions.
iii) Each question carries Seven marks.-

18. If f = {(1,2) (2,−3) (3,−1)} then find (i) 2f (ii) 2 + f (iii) f 2 (iv) √ f .
19. Solve the equations x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 3z = 6, x + 4y + 9z = 3 by using cramer's method.
a b c 2

    e
2bc − a2
t c2 b2
20. Show that b c a =
c a b
c2
b2

a.n 2ac − b2
a2
a2
2ab − c2
= (a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc)2.

21.

ibh n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)

Show that 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 +... n terms =  by using mathematical
4
induction method.

rat
If a = 7i − 2j + 3k, b = 2i + 8k, c = i + j + k than compute a × b, a × c, a × (b × c), verify the cross
22.

up
product is distributive laws over vector addtion.-

23.
ad A B C
If A, B, Care angles in a triangle then prove that sin A + sin B − sin C = 4 sin  sin  cos .
2 2 2

en 65 21
24.

.e
If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15 Then show that R =  r = 4, r1 = , r2 = 12, r3 = 14.-
8 2

w w ANSWERS
SECTION - A

1. w{ p p p
} p
If A = 0, ¾, ¾, ¾, ¾ and f : A®B is a surjection defined by f(x) = cosx then find B.
6 4 3 2
π π π π
Sol: Given f(x) = cosx, A = {0, , , , }
6 4 3 2
π 1
( )
f(o) = cos (0°) = 1 f  = cos 45° = 
4 
√2
π  π
f  = cos 30° = √
1
( )
6

2 3 ( )
3 f  cos 60° = 
2
π
( )
f  = cos 90° = 0
2
 1 1
∴ B = 1, √
{,3 , , 0
}
2 √
2 2
1
2. Find the domain of the real valued function f(x) = ¾¾¾¾.
log(2-x)

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Sol:- Given f(x) = 

1
log(2 − x)
1
f(x) =  ∈ R
log(2 − x)
(2 − x) > 0, 2 − x ≠ 1
(x − 2) < 0, −x ≠ 1 − 2
(x − 2) < 0, +x = −1
∴ domain of f(x) is x ∈ (−∞, 2) −{1}
Hence the domain of the real valued function
f(x) is x ∈ (−∞, 2) − {1}

3. If A = [ 2 3 -1
7 8 5 ]
and B =
1
2 [
et
0
4
-
1
1
-
]
then find A + B.

Sol: Given A =
2 3 −1
[ ] [ ]
7 8 5
, B=

a.n
1 0 1
2 −4 −1

A+B= [ ] [ 2 3 −1
] [ ]
+
1 0 1

i
2 −4 −1
bh
=
3 3 0

t
7 8 5 9 4 4

4. If A = [ ] i
0 i
0
find A2.

pra
Sol: Given A = [ ] i 0

d u
0 i

a
[ ][ ] [ n ] [ ]
i 0 i 0 i2 + 0 0 + 0 i2 0
A2 = A × A =

.e
−1 0 . . 2
[ ]
e 0 i 0 i
=
0 + 0 0 + i2
=
0 i2

5.
A2 =
0 −1

w w( . i = −1)

If a = 2i + 5j + k, b = 4i + mj + nk are collinear then find m and n.-

b
w
Sol:- Given a = 2i + 5j + k, b = 4i + mj + nk
a c
1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
2 5 1
==
4 m n
2 5
 =  ⇒ 2m = 20
4 m
m = 10
1 2
 =  ⇒ 4 = 2n
n 4
n=2
∴ m = 10, n = 2

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6. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2i + 3j + k and parallel to the vec-
tor 4i - 2j + 3k.
Sol:- Given a = 2i + 3j + k, b = 4i − 2j + 3k
required equation is (r = a + tb)
r = (2i + 3j + k) + t(4i − 2j + 3k)
r = 2i + 3j + k + 4ti − 2tj + 3tk
r = (2 + 4t)i + (3 − 2t)j + (1 + 3t)k
7. If a = i + 2j - 3k and b = 3i - j + 2k then show that a + b and a - b are ⊥ to each other.-
Sol:- Given a = i + 2j − 3k, b = 3i − j + 2k
a + b = (i + 2j − 3k) + (3i − j + 2k) = 4j + j − k

According to problem (a + b).(a − b) = 0

et
a − b = (i + 2j − 3k) − (3i − j + 2k) = −2i + 3j − 5k

(4i + j − k) . (2i + 3j − 5k) = 0

a.n
4(−2) + 1(3) + (−1)(−5) = 0

ibh
−8 + 3 + 5 = 0 ⇒ − 8 + 8 = 0
∴ a + b, a − b are to each other
rat
8.
cos9° + sin9°
Prove that ¾¾¾¾¾¾ = cot36°.-
cos9° - sin9°
up
( a) dsin9°
cos9° 1 + 

( n )
Sol:- L.H.S =  =  = 
cos9° + sin9° cos9° 1 + tan9°
cos9° − sin9°

(... tan 45° = 1)

e sin9°
cos9° 1 − 

.e cos9°
1 − tan9°

w
tan45° + tan9° w
=  = tan (45° + 9°) = tan(54°)
1 − tan45°. tan9°

w
= tan(90° − 36°) = cot36° = R.H.S
cos9° + sin9°
∴  = cot36°
cos9° − sin9°
9. Find the period of the function defined by f(x) = tan(x + 4x + 9x + ..... + n2x).
Sol:- Given f(x) = tan(x + 4x + 9x + ........... + n2x)
f(x) = tan(1 + 4 + 9 + ........... + n2) x
f(x) = tan(1 + 22 + 32 + ........... + n2)x
π
We know that period of tanx is 
a

n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
... 12 + 22 + 32 +.... + n2 = 
6
(n(n + 1)(2x + 1)x
f(x) tan 
6

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π 6π
Period of f(x) is  = 
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1)

6
¾
10. If sinhx = 3, then show that x = loge(3 + Ö10 ).

Sol:- Given sinhx = 3 ⇒ x = sinh−1 (3)


We know that sinh−1(x) = loge(x + √ x2 + 1) (... x = 3)
 
x = loge (3 + √ 32 + 1) ⇒ x = loge (3 + √ 9 + 1)

x = loge(3 + √10 )

SECTION - B

11. If I = [ ] [ ]
1 0
,E=
0 1
then show that (aI + bE)3 = a3I + 3a2bE.

Sol:- Given I =
0 1 0 0

[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 1
et
0 1
,E=
0 0

a.n
LHS = (aI + bE)3

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ib
1 0 0 1 a 0 h
0 b 0 b a b
aI + bE = a
0 1

[ ][ ] [
+b
0 0
a b a b
=
0 a
+

] [ r]at
0 0
+

a2 + 0 ab + ab
0 0
=
0 a
a2 2ab
[aI + bE]2 =
o a o a
=

[ d up
0 + 0 0 + a2

][ ] [
[aI + bE]3 = [aI + bE]2 [aI + bE] =]
=
0 a2
a2 2ab a b a3 + 0 a2b + 2a2b

a
=
0 a2 0 a 0+0 0 + a3

= [ ]
a3 3a2b
en
..........(1)
0 a3

[.e ] [ ]
[ ] w
a3 0
w
RHS = a3I + 3a2bE = a3

0 3a2b
[ ] [ ] a3 3a2b
1 0
0 1
+ 3a2b
0 1
0 0

=
w
0 a3
+
0 0
=
0 a3
...........(2)

from (1), (2) ∴ [aI + bE]3 = a3I + 3a2bE

12. Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagan with centre o the show thatAB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD
= 6AO.
Sol:- Given ABCDEF is a regular hexogen with centro 'O' .-
L.H.S = AB + AC + AD + AE + AF
= (AB + AE) + AD + (AC + AF)
D C
= (ED + AE) + AD + (FD + AF)
= AD + AD + AD E B
O
= 3AD = 3 × 2AO = 6AO = R.H.S
F A
L.H.S = R.H.S
∴ AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = 3AD = 6AO

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13. Find the equations of the plane passing through the point a = 2i + 3j - k and ⊥ to the vector
3i - 2j - 2k and the distance of this plane from the origin.-
Sol:- Given a = 2i + 3j − k, n = 3i − 2i − 2k
required equation is (r − a) n = 0
r.n − a.n = 0 ⇒ r.n = a.n
r.(3i − 2j − 2k) = (2i + 3j − k). (3i − 2j − 2k)
r.(3i − 2j − 2k) = (2(3) + 3(−2) + (−1) + 2)
r.(3j − 2j − 2k) = 6 − 6 + 2
r.(3i − 2j − 2k) = 2
a.n
The distance of this plane from the origin is 
n

(2i + 3j − k). (3i − 2j − 2k)

distance =  = 
et
2(3) + 3(−2) + (−1)(−2) 6−6+2
= 
 = 
2

3i − 2j − 2k

a.n 
√(3)2 + (−2)2(−2)2 √

√ 9 + 4 + 4 17

h
p
14. If A is not on integral multiple of ¾ then prove that (i) tanA + cotA = 2cosec2A

b
2
ii) cotA - tanA = 2cot2A.
Sol:- i) tanA + cotA = 2cosec2A
ati
1 tan2A + 1
pr
2(tan2A + 1)
L.H.S = tanA +  =  = 
tanA tanA

du 2.tanA
2(1 + tan2A)
=  = 2.
2tanA
1
sin2A (
na
... sin2A = 
) 2tanA
1 + tan2A

.e e
= 2 cosec 2A = R.H.S ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
∴ tanA + cotA = 2cosec2A

w
ii) cotA − tanA = 2cot2A

w 1 1 − tan2A 2(1 − tan2A)

w
L.H.S = cotA − tanA =  − tanA =  = 

1
tan2A
tanA

= 2. = 2cos2A ... tan2A = 

( 2tanA
1 − tan2A
tanA

)
2tanA

= R.H.S ∴ cotA − tanA = 2cot2A

¾
a 2Ö bc A
15. If sinq = ¾¾ then show that cosq = ¾¾ cos ¾.
b+c b+c 2

Sol:- Given sinθ = 

a
b+c
We know that sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 ⇒ cos2θ = 1 − sin2θ
a 2 a2 (b + c)2 − a2
(
b+c )
cos2θ = 1 −  = 1 − 
(b + c)2
= 
(b + c)2
(b + c + a)(b + c − a) 2s((2s − a) − a) 2s(2s − 2a)
cos2θ =  2
=  2
= 
(b + c) (b + c) (b + c)2

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2s.2(s − a) 4s(s − a) s(s − a) bc
cos2θ =  = 2 = 4.  . 2
(b + c)2 (b + c) bc (b + c)

A bc 2√ bc A
cos θ = 4cos  . 
2 2
2
= cosθ =  . cos 
2 (b + c) b+c 2

16. Prove that sin-1 ( 54 ) + sin (257 ) = sin (125

¾
-1 ¾
-1117
).
¾¾

Sol:- L.H.S = sin−1  + sin−1 

4 7
5 25
5 4
4 4 3
sin−1  = α ⇒ sinα =  ⇒ cosα = 
5 5 5 a
3
7 7 24
sin−1  = β ⇒ sinβ =  ⇒ cosβ = 
25 25 25 25
7

t
117 117
α + β = sin−1  ⇒ sin (α + β) =  b
125 125

.ne
4 24 3 7
Now sin(α + β) = sinαcosβ + cosαsinβ =  ×  ×  × 
24

96 + 21 117
=  = 
ha 5 25 5 25

125 125

tib
a
117 4 7 117
⇒ α + β = sin−1  = sin−1  + sin−1  = sin−1 

4
125
7
5

pr
117
25 125

25

du
∴ sin−1  + sin−1  = sin−1 
5 125

a
¾
17. Solve 2cos2q - Ö 3sinq + 1 = 0.


en
Sol:- Given 2cos2θ − √ 3 sinθ + 1 = 0


.e 
2cos2θ − √ 3sinθ + 1 = 0 ⇒ 2(1 − sin2θ) − √ 3sinθ + 1 = 0



w 
 

⇒ 2sin2θ + 2√ 3sinθ − √ 3sinθ − (√ 3)2 = 0

⇒ 2 − 2sin2θ − √ 3sinθ + 1 = 0 ⇒ 2sin2θ + √ 3sinθ − 3 = 0

w 

w
⇒ 2sinθ(sinθ + √ 3) − √ 3(sinθ + √ 3) = 0
 

√3 
⇒ (2sinθ − √ 3) (sinθ + √ 3) = 0 ⇒ sinθ =  (or) −√ 3
2
π 
Principle solution is α =  (Hence sinθ = −√ 3 has no solution)
3
π
The general solution is given by θ = nπ + (−1)n , n ∈ z
3

SECTION - C
¾
18. If f = {(1,2) (2,-3) (3,-1)} then find (i) 2f (ii) 2 + f (iii) f 2 (iv) Ö f .
Sol:- Given f = {(1, 2) (2, −3) (3, −1)}
(i) 2f = {(1, 2 × 2) (2, −3 × 2) (3, −1 × 2)}
2f = {(1, 4) (2, −6), (3 − 2)}
ii) 2 + f = {(1, 2 + 2) (2, −3 + 2), (3, −1 + 2)}

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2 + f = {(1, 4) (2, −1) (3, 1)}
iii) f 2 = {1, (2)2) (2, (−3)2), (3 (−1)2)}
f 2 = {(1, 4) (2, 9) (3, 1)}
 
iv) √ f = {(1, √ 2)}
19. Solve the equations x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 3z = 6, x + 4y + 9z = 3 by using cramer's method.
Sol:- Given x + y + z = 1, 2x + 2y + 3z = 6, x + 4y + 9z = 3
Ax = D

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 1 1
2 2 3
1 4 9
x 1
y = 6
z 3

[ ] [] []
1 1 1 x 1
A= 2 2 3 X= y D= 6
1 4 9 z 3
t
 
1 1 1

.ne
B = 2 2 3 = 1(18 − 12) − (18 − 3) + (8 − 2)
1 4 9

ha
[ ] [ ] [ ] rat
1 1 1
i
1 1 1b
= 1(6) − 1(15) + (6) = 6 − 15 + 6 = −3 ≠ 0
1 1 1
∆1 = 6 2 3 ∆2 = 2 6 3 ∆3 = 2 2 6
3 4 9

up
1 3 9 1 4 3
∆1 = 1(18 − 12) −1(54 − 9) + 1 (24 − 6) = 1(6) − 1(45) + 1(15)

d
= 6 − 45 + 18 = 24 − 45 = −21

a
n
∆2 = 1(54 − 9) −1(18 − 3) + 1(6 − 6) = 1(45) = 1(15) + 1(0)

e
.e
= 45 − 15 + 0 = 30
∆3 = 1(6 − 24) −1(6 − 6) + 1(8 − 2) = 1(−18) −1(0) + 1(6)

w
= −18 − 0 + 6 = −12

w
∆1 −21 ∆2 30 ∆3 −12
x = 
w
∆
=  = 7, y = 
−3 ∆
∴ x = 7, y = −10, z = 4
=  = −10, z = 
−3 ∆
==4
−3

a b c 2 2bc - a2 c2 b2
20. Show that b c a = c2 2ac - b 2 a2 = (a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc)2.
½
c a b ½ ½ b2 a2 ½
2ab - c2

 
a b c
Sol:- b c a = a(bc − a2) − b(b2 − ac) + c(ab − c2)
c a b
= abc − a3 − b3 + abc + abc − c3
= −(a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc)

 
a b c 2
b c a = (a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc)2 ...... (1)
c a b

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    
a b c 2 a b c a b c
b c a = b c a b c a
c a b c a b c a b
On appliying C23 on the first deteniment we have
−a c b

     
a c b a b c a b c
=− b a c b c a = −b a c b c a
c b a c a b −c b a c a b
−a2 + cb + bc −ab + c2 + ab −ac + ac + b2
=
−ab + ab + c2
−ca + b2 + ac
−b2 + ac + a −bc + a2 + cb
−cb + bc + a2 −c2 + ba + ab 
2bc − a2

 
c2 b2
= c2 2ac − b2 a2 ........ (2)
b2 a2 2ab − c2
from (1), (2)
et
∴
 
a b c 2
b c a =
 a.
c2n
2bc − a2 c2
2ac − b2
b2
a2 = (a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc)2
c a b

ibh
b2 a2 2ab − c2

n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)

21.
induction method.
rat
Show that 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 +... n terms = ¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ by using mathematical
4

p
Sol:- Given nth term = n(n + 1)(n + 2)
u
ad n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3)
S(n) = 1.2.3 + 2. 3. 4 +..... n(n + 1)(n + 2) = 
4

e
Step-1: n = 1
n
.e
L.H.S = n(n + 1)(n + 2) = 1(1 + 1)(1 + 2) = 2 × 3 = 6

w
n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) 1(1 + 1)(1 + 2)(1 + 3) 2 × 3 × 4
R.H.S =  =  =  = 6

w 4
L.H.S = R.H.S ∴ S(1) is true
4 4

w
Step-2: Assume that s(k) is true for k ∈ n
n=k
k(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)
s(k): 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5..... k(k + 1)(k + 2) =  .......(1)
4
Step-3: We show that n = k + 1 is true for s(n)
s(k + 1): 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5... k(k + 1)(k + 2) + (k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)(k + 4)
= 
4
L.H.S of s(k + 1) = (1.2.3 + 2.3.4 +.. k(k + 1)(k + 2) + (k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)
k(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)
 + (k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3) (... from (1))
4
k(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3) + 4(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)

4

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(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)(k + 4)

4
∴ L.H.S of S(k + 1) = R.H.S. of S(k + 1)
⇒ S(k + 1) is true for S(k)
∴ Hence by the principle for mathematical induction S(k) is true for All n ∈ N
22. If a = 7i, 2j + 3k, b = 2i + 8k, c = i + j + k than compute a ´ b, a ´ c, a ´ (b ´ c), verify the cross
product is distributive laws over vector addtion.-
Sol:- Given a = 7i − 2i + 3k, b = 2i + 8k, c = i + j + k

 
i j k
a×b= 7 −2 3 = i(−16 − 0) −j(56 − 6) +k(0 + 4)
2 0 8
= −16i − 50j + 4k

 
i j k
et
a×c=
1 1 1

a.n
2 −2 3 = i(−2 −3) −j(7 − 3) +k(7 + 2)

ibh
= −5i − 4j + 9k
Now (a × b) + (a × c) = (−16i − 50j + 4k) + (−5i − 4j + 9k)

at
= −21i − 54j + 13k ....... (1)

r
p
b + c = (2i + 8k) + (i + j + k) = 3i + j + 9k

 
a × (b + c) =
dui j k
7 −2 3 = i(−18 − 3) −j(63 − 9) +k(7 + 6)

na 3 1 9
= −21i − 54j + 13k ...... (2)

.e
From (1), (2)e
23.
w w
∴ a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)
A B C
If A, B, C are angles in a triangle then prove that sin A + sin B - sin C = 4 sin ¾ sin ¾ cos ¾.

w
2 2 2
Sol:- Given A + B + C = 180°

L.H.S = sin A + sin B − sinC (... sin(

2 )
A+B
= cos )
C
2
A−B
(
A+B
) ( )
= 2 sin  cos  − sin C
2 2
A−B
= 2 cos  cos () − 2 sin  cos 
C C C
2 2 2 2
A−B
= 2 cos  [cos () − sin ] (... sin  = cos ())
C C C A+B
2 2 2 2 2
A−B
= 2 cos  [cos () −cos ()]
C A+B
2 2 2
C
2 [ A
2
B
= 2 cos  2sin  sin 
2 ]
C A B A B C
= 2 cos  2 sin  sin  = 4 sin  sin  sin 

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2 2 2 2 2 2
= R.H.S ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
A B C
∴ sin A + sin B − sin C = 4sin  sin  cos 
2 2 2
65 21
24. If a = 13, b = 14, c = 15 Then show that R = ¾ r = 4, r1 = ¾, r2 = 12, r3 = 14.-
8 2
Sol:- Given a = 13, b = 14, c = 15
a + b + c 13 + 14 + 15 42
S =  =  =  = 21
2 2 2
S = 21
S − a = 21 − 13 = 8, S − b = 21 − 14 = 7, S − c = 21 − 15 = 6
  


et
∆ = √S(S − a) (S − b) (S − c) = √21 × 8 × 7 × 6 = √3 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 2 × 3

∆ = √(3 × 7 × 2 × 2) 2 = 84
abc 13 × 14 × 15 65
R =  =  = 
a.n
4∆
65
4 × 84 8

ibh
∴R =

∆
8
84
r== =4 ⇒r=4
rat
S 21
∆
up
d
84 21 21
r1 =  =  =  ⇒ r1 = 
S−a 8
∆ 84
2 2

n
r2 =  =  = 12 ⇒ r2 = 12a
S−b 7
∆ 84
.ee
r3 =  =  = 14 ⇒ r3 = 14
S−c 6

8
w
65 w
21
∴ R = , r = 4, r1 = , r2 = 12, r3 = 14
2

w This Model Paper was Prepared by

K. Kumar, Subject Expert

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