ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1

Worksheet 1

Activity 1: Read the following short paragraph. Then discuss the questions below in
small groups.
Ahmad has always been fascinated by how things work. Growing up in a busy city, he noticed
the daily struggles of traffic congestion and the impact of pollution. This sparked his interest
in finding solutions through engineering. He was particularly impressed by how civil engineers
design strong and resilient structures like bridges and buildings that shape our cities. He also
admired how mechanical engineers design and develop efficient machines and systems to
reduce waste. He learned that energy engineers are developing innovative
and sustainable technologies that are helping to combat climate change, while traffic engineers
focus on optimizing traffic flow to reduce pollution and commute times. Ahmad realized that
engineers play a key role in helping communities address complex problems and improve
quality of life.
Discussion Questions:
A. Why is Ahmad interested in engineering?
________________________________________________________________________

B. What types of engineering fields are mentioned in the text?

________________________________________________________________________

C. What are some ways that engineers can help improve society?
________________________________________________________________________
D. What skills and qualities do you think are important for engineers to have?
________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Read the first and last paragraphs of the reading passage below then answer
the questions using your own words.
E. What comes to mind when you hear the word "engineering"?
________________________________________________________________________

F. What do engineers do?

____________________________________________________________________

G. Why is engineering important to society?

________________________________________________________________________

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Reading Passage: What is Engineering?

Engineering is a diverse and important field that affects almost every part of our daily lives. It
involves using scientific knowledge and mathematical principles to design, create, and manage
systems, structures, and technologies that solve real-world problems. Engineers use their skills
to improve infrastructure, develop transportation systems, and create sustainable solutions for
society.

One of the oldest areas of engineering is civil engineering, which focuses on the design,
construction, and maintenance of physical structures. Civil engineers are responsible for
building important projects like bridges, roads, dams, and tunnels. They consider factors such
as the materials used, the environmental impact, and the durability of their designs to ensure
safety and long-lasting results. Civil engineers play a key role in the development of
infrastructure, meeting the needs of society and addressing environmental concerns. Many
revolutionary civil engineering projects, such as bridges and dams, have transformed cities,
making them more efficient, accessible, and resilient.

Mechanical engineering is another vital area, focusing on the design and creation of mechanical
systems and devices. Mechanical engineers work on machines, engines, and equipment used
in industries like manufacturing, transportation, and energy production. They apply principles
of mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science to design systems that work effectively
and efficiently. Mechanical engineers often collaborate with electrical and chemical engineers,
helping to produce revolutionary innovations.

Electrical engineering deals with developing and managing electrical systems and
technologies. Electrical engineers design power grids, electrical circuits, and communication
networks, which are essential for generating, transmitting, and distributing electricity safely
and efficiently. They also work on groundbreaking devices like smartphones and electric
vehicles, and other technologies that improve our lives.

Biomedical engineering is a rapidly growing field that combines engineering principles with
medical and biological sciences. Biomedical engineers design medical technologies such as
prostheses, pacemakers, and diagnostic tools that help improve healthcare. Their innovations
impact patient care, making treatments more effective and saving lives. Understanding how the
body works, biomedical engineers create life-changing inventions that support both health
professionals and patients.

With a growing need for sustainable energy, energy engineering has become crucial. Energy
engineers design systems to harness renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and geothermal
power. They also work on improving energy efficiency, aiming to reduce environmental harm.
The work of energy engineers is transformational in ensuring a sustainable future.

Engineers in all these fields collaborate to solve complex problems. Their ability to adapt and
work across different areas of engineering is essential for finding solutions that address
society's needs. Whether designing a bridge or creating new technology, engineers use
innovative techniques and materials to produce effective solutions. Their work follows strict
standards and codes to ensure safety, efficiency, and responsibility. By evaluating their designs
and considering the environmental impact, engineers help protect the world and improve
people’s lives.

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
In summary, engineering has a lasting legacy of innovation and development. It has
revolutionized how we live, and its impact continues to evolve. Engineers are responsible for
creating the infrastructure, technology, and systems that drive progress. Their work involves
not only designing and producing new systems but also considering the ethical and
environmental impact of their inventions. By continuously adapting and improving, engineers
help us move towards a more sustainable and efficient future.

Activity 3: Write the correct engineering discipline in the first column that matches the
description in the second column. Use information from the reading.

Engineering Discipline Description

A. Designs, builds, and maintains structures

1.
like buildings and bridges.

B. Develops and improves machines and

2.
mechanical systems.

C. Works with electrical systems and devices,

3. including power generation and
transmission.

D. Combines engineering principles with

4.
medical and biological sciences.

E. Focuses on designing and managing

5.
transportation systems.

F. Works to develop new and more sustainable

6.
energy solutions.

Activity 4: Based on the reading, answer the following questions:

✓ What are some common characteristics or skills shared by all engineering
disciplines?
___________________________________________________________________________
✓ What are some key differences between the disciplines mentioned?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Activity 5: Read the text carefully and circle the correct answer.
1. Which aspect is most central to the 5. The 1st paragraph primarily aims to
work of civil engineers? establish engineering as _____.
A. Designing and maintaining complex A. a purely academic field with limited
computer systems practical applications
B. The application of biomedical B. a discipline focused primarily on the
principles in healthcare creation of computer software
C. The development of new C. a field that utilizes scientific and
transportation networks mathematical knowledge for
D. The design, construction, and society’s needs
maintenance of physical structures D. a career path mainly for people with
theoretical backgrounds
2. Mechanical engineers contribute to
transportation primarily through ____. 6. A key theme emphasized throughout
A. the development of advanced traffic the text regarding engineering's
management software impact on society is _____.
B. the integration of renewable energy A. the reduction in the number of job
sources in vehicles opportunities
C. the creation of engines, machines, B. the continuous role of innovation in
and related equipment addressing challenges
D. the study of the human body’s C. the primary focus on minimizing
movement in the vehicles expenses and increasing profits
D. the creation of artificial intelligence
3. Which of the following best describes and its widespread use
the combination of fields in
biomedical engineering? 7. Which of the following activities
A. The study of chemistry and is least relevant for an energy
theoretical physics engineer?
B. The application of electrical A. developing solar and wind power
engineering in power plants generation systems
C. The merging of engineering with B. implementing and testing methods
medical and biological sciences of efficient energy use
D. The use of mechanical principles in C. designing communication networks
construction engineering and signal processing
D. searching and developing
4. When considering the impact of their sustainable sources of energy
designs, engineers most often
evaluate the _____. 8. The text most strongly implies that the
A. overall cost, production time, and future success of engineering relies on
marketability engineers’ ability to_____.
B. ethical considerations, long-term A. specialize in specific fields and
use, and financial implications work in isolation.
C. environmental effects, safety, and B. focus solely on technical aspects,
durability of their designs without ethical concerns.
D. level of community involvement, C. adapt to change, innovate, and
and social benefits of projects prioritize ethics and nature
D. maintain the status quo and apply
traditional techniques.

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1

Activity 6: Read the questions below; locate each of the bolded words; then identify its
meaning based on the context of the paragraph.

1. What does the word "crucial" mean 3. What does the

in the context of the text when word "sustainable" mean in the
referring to the role of energy context of designing solutions?
engineering? A. Something that costs a lot of money
A. Not very important B. Something that works for short
B. Of extreme importance periods
C. Optional or extra C. Something that causes more harm
D. Having limited use to the environment
D. Something that can be maintained
2. What does the over time without harming the
word "innovative" mean when environment
describing engineers’ contributions?
A. Applying traditional designs 4. What does the
B. Using complex materials word "optimize" mean in the context
C. Creating something new and of improving energy efficiency?
advanced A. To make it worse.
D. Improving existing systems without B. To keep it the same.
change C. To make it as effective as possible.
D. To stop using energy altogether

Activity 7: Based on the information in the text and your background knowledge,
discuss the questions below in the chat box (or breakout room):
✓ What are some current challenges and opportunities in different engineering fields?
___________________________________________________________________________
✓ Which fields seem most interesting or needed for your community and country and
why?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Activity 8: Read the sentences carefully. Circle the correct definition.

Sentence Option A Option B Option C

1. The durability of concrete

B. Long-lasting
makes it a suitable material for A. Strength C. Flexibility
quality
bridge construction.

2. A strong foundation is
A. Upper B. The base of
essential to support the weight C. The roof
floors a building
of any building.

3. A country's infrastructure,
B. Network of C. Basic
such as roads, bridges, and A. Public
roads and systems of a
tunnels, helps in economic services
buildings society
growth.

4. Engineers calculate B. The C. The height

A. The force
the load that a bridge can maximum of the
of water
handle to ensure safety. weight structure

5. For bridge construction,

B. Building
choosing the right material is A. Weight C. Paint
block
very important.

6. The bridge's resistance to C. Ability to

A. Ability to B. Ability to
wind and water is crucial for change
withstand break
its design. colour

7. Designing resilient buildings C. Able to

A. Long
is important in earthquake- B. Flexible recover
lasting
prone areas. quickly

A. Force on
8. Engineers measure strain to B. Deformation C. The material
a
test the safety of the bridge. of a material itself
material

A. The
9. The structural engineers
weight of B. The force on C. The level of
calculated the stress of the
the the material danger
building to ensure its safety.
building

A. Design B. The material

10. The structure is amazing and C. The building
of the of the
well-engineered. itself
building building

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Activity 9: Complete the following paragraph using words from the Civil Engineering
vocabulary list studied in the previous activity, paying attention to context.
Civil engineering is a crucial field responsible for creating our built environment. Engineers in
this discipline design and build the _____________, such as roads, bridges, and buildings, that
support modern life. The _____________of these structures is a major concern for engineers,
so they carefully choose ____________ that can withstand heavy _____________ and constant
____________. These structures also need to be _____________to natural disasters like
earthquakes. Before building, engineers design a suitable _____________ plan and calculate
the _____________ that the structure can endure.

Activity 10: Read the following paragraph carefully. Then, write the word in the first
column that matches its corresponding definition in the second column.
Modern cities face many transportation challenges. Congestion is a common problem,
especially during peak hours, causing significant delays. Improving traffic flow is a priority
for city planners and transportation engineers, who use various strategies to reduce delays and
traffic jams. A well-maintained infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and traffic signals, is
essential for an effective network. By using technology, engineers can optimize traffic light
systems and implement smart transportation systems. This makes the city more liveable and
improves the lives of residents by improving transportation efficiency.

Word Definition

1. A. The system of roads, railways etc. in a city or country

2. B. The smoothness of the movement of cars or people in an area

3. C. Overcrowding of vehicles on roads

D. Making something function in the best way; improve

4. performance

5. E. The basic structures of a society, especially roads and bridges.

6. F. The effectiveness with which a system operates

7. G. A large, complex organization of interconnected parts

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1

Activity 11: Use Oxford Collocation Dictionary or ChatGPT to find THREE

collocations for each word in the table below. Write your answers in the table below:

Word Adjective + Collocation Verb + Collocation Additional Collocation

A. Traffic

B. Optimize

C. Network

D. Efficiency

E. Infrastructure

Activity 12: Read the following text carefully. Then, in the table below, write the word
from the text that best matches the synonym provided in the second column and
the antonym provided in the third column.
Saudi Vision 2030 emphasizes the importance of developing a diversified and sustainable
energy sector. The country is investing heavily in renewable energy sources like solar and
wind power. This strategy will reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, and minimize the harm caused
by their emission and their harm to our planet. Diversifying the energy sources and
modernizing the grid are key goals of Saudi Arabia. This transition will also help improve
energy efficiency and provide a more sustainable supply of energy for future generations.
Moreover, it aims to optimize energy use in all sectors of the economy and encourages the
public to practice saving energy to help conserve natural resources.

Word Synonym Antonym

A. eco-friendly exhausting

B. endless finite

C. pollutants non-pollutants

D. power sources power consuming

E. environmentally safe traditional power

F. preserve squander

G. make better make worse

H. effectiveness wastefulness

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Activity 13: Read each sentence carefully. Then, circle the letter (A, B, C, or D) that
corresponds to the best definition of the word in bold as it is used in the sentence.

1. Biomechanics plays an essential role in 4. The team is searching for a material that
designing prosthetics, helping to is compatible with the human body to
replicate natural human movement after use in the new implants.
injuries or surgeries. A. Able to work well together or exist
A. The study of body functions without causing harm
B. The study of movement and B. Strong enough to withstand
mechanics pressure or damage
C. The study of artificial limbs C. Resistant to external environmental
D. The study of physical therapy factors
techniques D. Useful for creating durable
structures
2. Engineers focus on the design of new
medical devices like pacemakers and 5. A cochlear implant can enable
artificial joints to improve patient care. individuals with hearing impairments to
A. The repair of damaged devices regain the sense of hearing.
B. The planning and creation of a A. A medical device placed inside the
product body
C. The modification of existing B. A new method of physical therapy
technology C. A type of hearing aid worn
D. The evolution of a device externally
D. A diagnostic procedure for hearing
3. A prosthesis can significantly improve loss
mobility and quality of life for
individuals who have lost a limb due to 6. Engineers study biological systems
accidents or medical conditions. such as the circulatory system to
A. A treatment method develop solutions for complex diseases.
B. A diagnostic tool A. A coordinated set of functions
C. An artificial limb B. A scientific breakthrough
D. A type of medicine C. A machine network
D. Unrelated components

Activity 14: Read the paragraph carefully and complete it by choosing the best word
from the words studied in the previous activity.
Recent advancements in the field of engineering have significantly improved healthcare
technologies. For example, the study of __________ has played a vital role in understanding
how the body moves, leading to the development of better __________, such as artificial limbs
and joints. These devices are carefully __________ to mimic natural body movements and
improve the lives of patients. Engineers also ensure that the materials used in these devices are
__________ with the human body, reducing the risk of rejection or adverse reactions. Another
notable innovation is the __________, which helps individuals with severe hearing
impairments regain their ability to perceive sounds. Such breakthroughs are possible due to a
deeper understanding of __________, or how different parts of the body work together as a
system. Overall, modern __________ has transformed patient care, offering solutions that were
unimaginable a few decades ago.

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 ESP for Engineering _ Unit 1, Part 1
Worksheet 1
Activity 15: Read the text below to explore the engineering mindset.
Engineering is not just about applying scientific principles, but it is also about problem-solving,
innovation, and creativity. Engineers are trained to analyze complex
problems, design effective solutions, and develop detailed blueprints. They
then construct and test prototypes to ensure their design is functional and safe. This often
involves understanding all the different components of a specific system. In many cases,
engineers use computer software to perform simulations before the actual creation process.
They often work to implement their final designs to address real-world needs. After the
completion of their projects, they should be able to evaluate the performance of
new technologies and always aim to maintain their quality and optimize their efficiency. This
mindset encourages them to develop new and innovative solutions to make the world a better
place.

Activity 15 (A): In small groups, discuss the following:

✓ Based on the text, what are the most essential parts of the engineering mindset?
________________________________________________________________________

✓ Why is this mindset important for engineers?

________________________________________________________________________

✓ What is a specific example of a real-life problem where this mindset was applied by
engineers to solve complex issues?
________________________________________________________________________

Activity 15 (B): Complete the flowchart of the engineering design process using the
vocabulary words from the above-mentioned paragraph.
A. ___________________ : To clearly understand the situation
B. ___________________ : To create the best possible option or solution
C. ____________________ : To make a model of the design to test its efficiency
D. ___________________ : To put that design into practice
E. ___________________ : to make sure it is working as planned

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