MANDAVYA INTEGRATED PU COLLEGE.

MANDYA II PU MATHEMATICS

MANDAVYA INTEGRATED PU COLLEGE

NEHRU NAGARA , MANDYA

II PU MATHEMATICS 2024-25
PART – D [𝟒 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 𝟓𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔 = 𝟐𝟎𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔]
QUESTION NUMBER – 39
1 . Let f : N →Y be a function defined as f (x) = 4x + 3 where, y = { y ∈N, y = 4x + 3 for some x ∈N}.show
that f is invertible. Find the inverse.
Sol: Let 𝑦=4x+3 ⇒ y-3=4x
𝑦−3
𝑥 = 4 =g(y)
𝑦−3
Define g:Y→N by g(y)= 4
𝑦−3 𝑦−3
fog(y)=f(g(y))=f( )=4( )+3=y
4 4
∴fog=Ι𝑌
4𝑥+3−3
gof(𝑥)=g(f(𝑥))=g(4𝑥+3)= 4 = 𝑥
∴gof=Ι𝑁
𝑦−3
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) =
4

2. State whether the function f : R → R defined by f (x ) =1 + x 2 is one-one, onto and bijective. Justify your
answer
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 1, −1 𝜖 𝑅
𝑓(1) = 1 + 12 = 2 & 𝑓(−1) = 1 + (−1)2 = 2
𝑏𝑢𝑡 1 ≠ −1
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
Onto; co-domain =R & Range =[1 , ∞)
co-domain ≠ Range
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜
3. State whether the function f: R → R defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙 is one-one, onto and bijective.
Justify your answer
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝜖𝑅
𝑓(𝑥1) = 𝑓(𝑥2)
3 − 4𝑥1 = 3 − 4𝑥2
4𝑥1 = 4𝑥2
𝑥1 = 𝑥2
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
Onto; 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝜖𝑅
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 3 − 4𝑥
4𝑥 = 3 − 𝑦
3−𝑦
𝑥= 4
Now
3− y 3− y
f   = 3 − 4 = y
 4   4 
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑖𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥−2
4. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} & 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1} . Consider the function 𝑓 ∶ 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by (𝑥) = 𝑥−3 . Is 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
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& 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 ? . 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟.

Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝜖𝑅
𝑓(𝑥1) = 𝑓(𝑥2)
𝑥1 −2 𝑥 −2
= 𝑥2 −3
𝑥1 −3 2
(𝑥1 − 2)(𝑥2 − 3)= (𝑥1 − 3)(𝑥2 − 2)
𝑥1 𝑥2 − 3𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 6 = 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 2𝑥1 − 3𝑥2 + 6
𝑥1 = 𝑥2
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
Onto; 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝜖 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}
𝑥−2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑥−3
(𝑥 − 3)𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥(1 − 𝑦) = 2 − 3𝑦
2−3𝑦
𝑥 = 1−𝑦
2−3𝑦
2−3𝑦 −𝟐
1−𝑦
𝑛𝑜𝑤 , 𝑓 ( 1−𝑦 ) =2−3𝑦
−𝟑
1−𝑦
2−3𝑦−2(1−𝑦)
1−𝑦
= 2−3𝑦−3(1−𝑦)
1−𝑦
2−3𝑦−2+2𝑦
= 2−3𝑦−2+3𝑦
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
∴ 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜

QUESTION NUMBER – 44
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟒
1. 𝑰𝒇 A=[𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 ] ,B=[ 𝟎 𝟐]and C= [ ] find A(BC), (AB)C and show that (AB)C =A(BC).
𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏
𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
1 1 −1 1 3 2 1
Sol: AB=[2 0 3 ] [ 0 2]=[−1 18]
3 −1 2 −1 4 1 15
2 1 4 4 4 −7
1 2 3 −4
(AB)C=[−1 18] [ ]=[35 −2 −39 22] → 1
2 0 −2 1
1 15 31 2 −27 11
1 3
1 2 3 −4
BC=[ 0 2] [ ]
2 0 −2 1
−1 4
1 1 −1 7 2 −3 − 1 4 4 4 −7
A(BC)= [2 0 3 ] [4 0 −4 2 ]=[35 −2 −39 22] → 2
3 −1 2 7 −2 −11 8 31 2 −27 11
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 1 & 2
∴ A(BC)= (AB)C

𝟎 𝟔 𝟕 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
2. If A=[−𝟔 𝟎 𝟖 ] ,B=[ 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 ] ,C=[−𝟐] Calculate AC, BC and (A+B)C. Also verify that (A+B)C=AC+BC.
𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
0 6 7 2 9
Sol: AC=[−6 0 8] [−2]=[12]
7 −8 0 3 30
0 1 1 2 1
BC=[1 0 2] [−2]=[ 8 ]
1 2 0 3 −2
9 1 10
AC+BC=[12] + [ 8 ] = [20] → 1
30 −2 28

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0 6 7 0 1 1 0 7 8
A+B=[−6 0 8]+[1 0 2]=[−5 0 10]
7 −8 0 1 2 0 8 −6 0
0 7 8 2 10
(A+B)C=[−5 0 10] [−2]=[20] →2
8 −6 0 3 28

From 1 & 2
∴ (A+B)C=AC+BC

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
3. A=[𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏] , then show that A3 -23A-40I=O.
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
1 2 3 1 2 3 19 4 8
Sol: A2=[3 −2 1] [3 −2 1]=[ 1 12 8 ]
4 2 1 4 2 1 14 6 15
19 4 8 1 2 3 63 46 69
A3=A2.A=[ 1 12 8 ] [3 −2 1]=[69 −6 23]
14 6 15 4 2 1 92 46 63
63 46 69 1 2 3 1 0 0
A3-23A-40I=[69 −6 23]-23[3 −2 1]-40[0 1 0]
92 46 63 4 2 1 0 0 1
63 46 69 23 46 69 40 0 0
=[69 −6 23]-[69 −46 23]-[ 0 40 0 ]
92 46 63 92 46 23 0 0 40
0 0 0
=[0 0 0]
0 0 0
∴ A3-23A-40I=O.

𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
4. A=[𝟎 𝟐 𝟏] , Then prove that A3-6A2+7A+2I=0
𝟐 𝟎 𝟑
1 0 2 1 0 2 5 0 8
Sol: A =[0 2 1] [0 2 1]=[2 4 5 ]
2

2 0 3 2 0 3 8 0 13
5 0 8 1 0 2 21 0 34
A3=A2.A=[2 4 5 ] [0 2 1]=[12 8 23]
8 0 13 2 0 3 34 0 55
21 0 34 5 0 8 1 0 2 1 0 0
∴ A3-6A2+7A+2Ι=[12 8 23]- 6[2 4 5 ]+7[0 2 1]+2[0 1 0]
34 0 55 8 0 13 2 0 3 0 0 1
21 0 34 30 0 48 7 0 14 2 0 0
=[12 8 23]- [12 24 30]+[0 14 7 ]+[0 2 0]
34 0 55 48 0 78 7 0 21 0 0 2
30 0 48 30 0 48
=[12 24 30] - [12 24 30]
48 0 78 48 0 78
0 0 0
=[0 0 0]
0 0 0
∴ A3-6A2+7A+2Ι=0
−𝟐
5. A=[ 𝟒 ] B=[𝟏 𝟑 −𝟔],verify that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′
𝟓
−2 −2 −6 12
Sol: AB=[ 4 ] [1 3 −6] = [ 4 12 −24]
5 5 15 −30

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−2 4 5
(𝐴𝐵)′=[−6 12 15 ] → 1
12 −24 −30
1
𝐵′= [ 3 ] , 𝐴′=[−2 4 5]
−6

1 −2 −6 12
𝐵′𝐴′=[ 3 ] [−2 4 5] =[ 4 12 −24] ⟶ 2
−6 5 15 −30
From 1 & 2
∴ (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′
𝟏
6. A=[−𝟒] B=[−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏],verify that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′
𝟑
1 −1 2 1
Sol: AB=[−4] [−1 2 1]=[ 4 −8 −4]
3 −3 6 3
−1 4 −3
(𝐴𝐵)′=[ 2 −8 6 ] ⟶ 1
1 −4 3
−1 −1 4 −3
𝐵′𝐴′=[ 2 ] [1 −4 3] =[ 2 −8 6 ]⟶2
1 1 −4 3
From 1 & 2
∴ (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′

𝟎
7. A=[𝟏] B=[𝟏 𝟓 𝟕],verify that (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′
𝟐
0 0 0 0
Sol: AB=[1] [1 5 7]=[1 5 7]
2 2 10 14
0 1 2
(𝐴𝐵)′=[0 5 10] → 1
0 7 14
1 0 1 2
𝑩′ 𝑨′ =[5] [0 1 2]=[0 5 10] → 2
7 0 7 14
From 1 & 2
∴ (𝑨𝑩)′ = 𝑩′ 𝑨′

𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
8. If A=[𝟓 𝟎 𝟐 ], B=[𝟒 𝟐 𝟓] &C=[𝟎 𝟑 𝟐] Then compute (A+B) and (B-C) .Also verify that A+(B-C) =
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑
(A+B)-C.

1 2 −3 3 −1 2 4 1 −1
Sol: A+B=[5 0 2 ] + [4 2 5] = [9 2 7]
1 −1 1 2 0 3 3 −1 4

4 1 −1 4 1 2 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑
(A+B)-C=[9 2 7 ] − [0 3 2]=[𝟗 −𝟏 𝟓 ] → 𝟏
3 −1 4 1 −2 3 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏

3 −1 2 4 1 2 −1 −2 0
B-C=[4 2 5]- [0 3 2]=[ 4 −1 3]
2 0 3 1 −2 3 1 2 0

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1 2 −3 −1 −2 0 0 0 −3
A+(B-C)=[5 0 2 ] +[ 4 −1 3]=[9 −1 5 ] ⟶ 2
1 −1 1 1 2 0 2 1 1

From 1 & 2
∴ A+(B-C) = (A+B)-C.

QUESTION NUMBER – 45
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING BY MATRIX METHOD
1)X-Y+2Z=7 , 3X+4Y-5Z=-5 and 2x-y+3z=12
1 −1 2 𝑥 7
Sol : 𝐴 = [3 4 −5] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] & 𝐵 = [−5]
2 −1 3 𝑧 12
−1
Let AX = B  X = A B , where
1 −1 2
A = 3 4 −5 = 112 − 5 + 19 + 10 + 2  −3 − 8
2 −1 3
= 7 + 19 − 22 = 4  0
 + (12 − 5 ) − ( −3 + 2 ) + ( 5 − 8 ) 
 
adjA =  − ( 9 + 10 ) + ( 3 − 4 ) − ( −5 − 6 ) 
 + ( −3 − 8 ) − ( −1 + 2 ) + ( 4 + 3) 

 7 1 −3

=  −19 −1 11 
 −11 −1 7 
 x  7 1 −3  7 
  y  =  −19 −1 11   −5
1
4
 z   −11 −1 7  12 
 49 − 5 − 36   8   2
1  1   
=  −133 + 5 + 132 =  4  = 1 
4 4
 −77 + 5 + 84  12  3
Hence, x = 2 , y = 1 and z = 3.

2).3 x – 2y + 3z = 8, 2x + y – z = 1 , 4x – 3y + 2z = 4.
3 −2 3 𝑥 8
Sol: let A=[2 1 −1] , X=[𝑦] ,B=[1]
4 −3 2 𝑧 4
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
|A|=3| |-(-2)| |+3| |
−3 2 4 2 4 −3
=3(2-3)+2(4+4)+3(-6-4)
|A|= -17≠0
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
| | −| | | |
−3 2 4 2 4 −3
−2 3 3 3 3 −2
Co-factor of A= − | | | | −| |
−3 2 4 2 4 −3
−2 3 3 3 3 −2
[ | 1 −1| − |2 −1| |2 1 | ]

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−1 −8 −10
=[−5 −6 1 ]
−1 9 7
−1 −5 −1
𝑇
Adj A=(𝑐𝑜 − 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐴) [ −8 −6 9 ]
−10 1 7
−1 1
𝑋 = 𝐴 𝐵=|𝐴|(Adj A)B
−1 −5 −1 8
1
=−17 [ −8 −6 9 ] [1]
−10 1 7 4
−8 − 5 − 4
1
= [−64 − 6 + 36]
−17
−80 + 1 + 28
−17
1
=−17 [−34]
−51
x=1 ,, y=2 , z=3
3. 𝐱 − 𝐲 + 𝐳 = 𝟒 , 𝟐𝐱 + 𝐲 − 𝟑𝐳 = 𝟎 and 𝐱 + 𝐲 + 𝐳 = 𝟐
1 −1 1 𝑥 4
Sol: Let 𝐴 = [2 1 −3] , 𝑋 = [𝑦 ] , 𝐵 = [0]
1 1 1 𝑧 2

|𝐴| = 1(1 + 3)— 1(2 + 3) + 1(2 − 1)

= 1(4) + 1(5) + 1(1) = 4 + 5 + 1 = 10

⟹ |𝐴| = 10 ≠ 0
1 −3 2 −3 2 1
+| | −| | +| |
1 1 1 1 1 1
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
Cofactor matrix of 𝐴 = − | | +| | −| |
1 1 1 1 1 1
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
[+ | 1 −3| − |2 −3| + |2 1 |]
+(1 + 3) −(2 + 3) +(2 − 1)
= [−(−1 − 1) +(1 − 1) −(1 + 1)]
+(3 − 1) −(−3 − 2) +(1 + 2)
4 −5 1
cofactor matrix
= [2 0 −2]
of A
2 5 3
⟹ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = (cofactor matrix)′
4 2 2
⟹ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = [−5 0 5]
1 −2 3
4 2 2
1 1
Now 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 10 [−5 0 5]
1 −2 3
4 2 2 4
1
W.K.T ,𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 ⟹ 𝑋 = 10 [−5 0 5] [0]
1 −2 3 2
𝑥 16 + 0 + 4
1
⟹ [𝑦 ] = 10 [−20 − 0 + 10]
𝑧 4−0+6

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20
𝑥 20 𝑥 10
1 10
⟹ [𝑦 ] = [−10] ⟹ [𝑦 ] = − 10
10
𝑧 10 𝑧 10
[ 10 ]
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1, 𝑧 = 1.
𝟑
4)2x+y+z=1 , x – 2y – z = 𝟐, 3y – 5z = 9 .
Sol: |A|=34≠0
13 8 1
Adj A= [ 5 −10 3 ]
3 −6 −5
𝑥=1, y=1/2, z= -3/2

5)2x + 3y +3z = 5, x – 2y + z = - 4, 3x – y – 2z = 3
Sol: |A|=40≠0
5 3 9
Adj A= [5 −13 1 ]
5 11 −7
X=1, y=2, z= -1

𝟐 −𝟑 𝟓
6).If A=[𝟑 𝟐 −𝟒] .find A-1. Using A-1 solve the system of equation 2x – 3y + 5z, 3x + 2y – 4z = -5 & x + y – 2z =
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐
-3
Sol: |A|= -1≠0
0 −1 2
Adj A= [2 −9 23]
1 −5 13
X=1, y=2, z= 3

7).The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third number by 3 and add second number to it, we get 11.
By adding first and third numbers, we get double of the second number. Represent algebraically and find
the numbers using matrix method.
Sol: x+y+z=6 ,y+3z=11, x+z=2y
Or
x+y+z=6 ,0x+y+3z=11, x-2y+z=0

|A|= 9≠0
7 −3 2
Adj A= [ 3 0 −3]
−1 3 1
𝑥=1, y=2, z= 3

8. The cost of 4 kg onion, 3kg wheat and 2kg rice is Rs. 60. The cost of 2kg onion 4kg wheat and 6kg rice is
Rs 90. The cast of 6kg onion 2kg wheat and 3kg rice is Rs 70. Find cast of each item per kg by matrix
method.
Sol: 4x+3y+2z=60 , 2x+4y+6z+90 , 6x+2y+3z=70
|A|= 50≠0
0 −5 10
Adj A= [ 30 0 −20]
−20 10 10
𝑥=5, y=8, z= 8

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𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
9.Use product [𝟎 𝟐 −𝟑] [ 𝟗 𝟐 −𝟑] to solve the system of equations x-y+2z=1 , 2y-3z=1 ,
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟏 −𝟐
3x-2y+4z=2.
1 −1 2 −2 0 1 1 0 0
Sol: [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3]=[0 1 0] (AA-I= I)
3 −2 4 6 1 −2 0 0 1

−2 0 1
∴A-I = [ 9 2 −3]
6 1 −2
−2 0 1 1 −2 + 0 + 2 0
X= A-I B= [ 9 2 −3] [1] = [ 9 + 2 − 6 ]=[5]
6 1 −2 2 6+1−4 3
X=0, y=5, z=3
QUESTION NUMBER – 46
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
1. If y= sin-I𝒙 ,show that (1-𝒙2)𝒅𝒙𝟐 - 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =0
Sol: let y= sin-I𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥
𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
= 1
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 +𝑑𝑥 . (-2x)=0
2√1−𝑥 2
2
Multiplied by √1 − 𝑥 to both side
2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(√1 − 𝑥 2 ) - x 𝑑𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1-X2)𝑑𝑥 2 - x 𝑑𝑥 =0

2. If y=3cos(logx)+4sin(logx) , S.T 𝒙2y2+𝒙y1+y=0.

Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑚𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡𝑜 𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑑2 𝑦
= 𝑚2 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛2 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
− (𝑚 + 𝑛) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛2 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 − (𝑚 + 𝑛)(𝑚𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 ) + 𝑚𝑛(𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2
= 𝑚2 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛2 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 − 𝑚2 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑚𝑛𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 − 𝑚𝑛 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛2 𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑚𝑛 𝐴𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑚𝑛𝐵𝑒 𝑛𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 − (𝑚 + 𝑛) + 𝑚𝑛𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝟐
3. If If 𝒚 = (𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙) , then prove that (1 + x 2 ) 2 y2 + 2 x(1 + x 2 ) y1 = 2.
𝟏
Sol: 𝒚𝟏 =2tan-1x. 𝟏+ 𝒙𝟐
( )
 1 + x 2 y1 = 2 tan −1 x
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get,

(1 + x ) y + y (0 + 2 x) = 2  1 +1x
2
2 1 2

(1 + x 2 ) 2 y2 + 2 x(1 + x 2 ) y1 = 2.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
4.If Y=Aemx+Benx , S.T 𝒅𝒙𝟐 -(m+n) 𝒅𝒙 +mny=0.
Sol: Let Y=Aemx+Benx
𝑑𝑦
= mAemx + nBenx
𝑑𝑥
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get
𝑑2 𝑦
= m2Aemx + n2Benx
𝑑𝑥 2
Now,

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𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
-(m+n) 𝑑𝑥 +mny=
𝑑𝑥 2
m Aemx + n2Benx - (m+n)( mAemx + nBenx)+mn(Aemx+Benx )
2

= m2Aemx + n2Benx- m2Aemx- mnBenx-mn Aemx- n2Benx+ mn Aemx+mnBenx

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
-(m+n) 𝑑𝑥 +mny=0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
5. If y=500e7x + 600e-7x , S.T 𝟐 = 49y
𝒅𝒙
Sol: Let y=500e7x + 600e-7x
𝑑𝑦
= 500(7e7x) + 600(-7e-7x)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3500e7x - 4200e-7x
𝑑𝑥
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get
𝑑2 𝑦
=3500(7e7x) - 4200(-7e-7x)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
=24500(7e7x) + 29400(-7e-7x)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
=49(500e7x + 600e-7x)
𝑑𝑥 2
2
𝑑 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
= 49y
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
6. If ey(x+1) =1 S.T 𝒅𝒙𝟐 = (𝒅𝒙)
Sol: let ey(x+1) =1
𝑑𝑦
ey(1)+(x+1) ey 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥+1) ey 𝑑𝑥 = - ey
𝑑𝑦 −1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get
𝑑2 𝑦 1
= (1+𝑥)2 → 1
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −1 −1 1
( 𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥+1) (𝑥+1)=(1+𝑥)2 →2
From 1 & 2
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐
= (𝒅𝒙)
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
7.If Y=3e2x+2e3x , P.T 𝒅𝒙𝟐 -5𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙+6y=0.
Sol: Let Y=3e2x+2e3x
𝑑𝑦
= 6e2x+6e3x
𝑑𝑥
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
𝒅𝒙𝟐
= 12e2x+18e3x
𝟐
𝒅 𝒚 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Now, -5𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +6y=
𝒅𝒙𝟐
=12e2x+18e3x – 5(6e2x+6e3x)+6(3e2x+2e3x)
=12e2x+18e3x - 30e2x-3e3x+18e2x+12e3x
=30e2x+3e3x- 30e2x-3e3x
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝒅𝒙𝟐 -5𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +6y=0
−𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
8.If Y=𝒆𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐬 , S.T (1-𝒙2)𝒅𝒙𝟐 - 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 - a2y=0.
−1
Sol: Let Y=𝑒 acos 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 −1
= 𝑒 acos 𝑥 (a)( )
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
Multiplied by √1 − 𝑥 2 to both side
𝑑𝑦 −1
√1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =-a 𝑒 acos 𝑥
Again differentiating w. r. to x, we get
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 −1 𝑥 −1
√1 − 𝑥 2 +𝑑𝑥 ( )(-2x) =-a𝑒 acos (a)( )
𝑑𝑥 2 2√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2
Again Multiplied by √1 − 𝑥 2
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2 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑥
(√1 − 𝑥 2 ) - x 𝑑𝑥 =a2𝑒 acos
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1-𝑥 2)𝑑𝑥 2 - x 𝑑𝑥 - a2y=0.

PART –E -4 MARKS [1Questions *4 marks=4 marks]

QUESTION NUMBER – 52
 2 3
1. Show that the matrix A =   satisfies the equation A -4A+I=0, where I is 22 identity matrix and O
2
 1 2 
is 22 zero matrix using this equation find A -1.
 2 3
Sol: Given A =  
1 2
 2 3  2 3  4 + 3 6 + 6 7 12
A2 = A  A =   = =
1 2 1 2  2 + 2 3 + 4   4 7 
7 12  2 3  1 0
Now, A2 − 4 A + I =   −4 +
4 7  1 2  0 1 
7 12 8 12 1 0
= − + 
 4 7   4 8  0 1
 7 − 8 + 1 12 − 12 + 0  0 0
=  =0
 4 − 4 + 0 7 − 8 + 1  0 0 
Hence, A2-4A+I=0.
Now, A2-4A+I=0
Therefore, AA-4A=-I
Or AA(A-1)-4AA-1=-IA-1 (Post multiplying by A-1)
Or A(AA-1)-4(AA-1)=-A-1
A(I)-4I=-A-1
A-4I=-A-1
Or A-1=-A+4I
A-1=4I-A
1 0   2 3 
A−1 = 4  − 
0 1  1 2 
4 0 2 3
A−1 =  −
0 4  1 2 
2 −3
A−1 = 
 −1 2 
 2 −3
Hence, A−1 =  
 −1 2 
 3 1
2. If A =   show that A -5A+7I=0, hence find A .
2 -1
 −1 2 

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 3 1
Sol: Given A =  
 −1 2 
 3 1   3 1   9 − 1 3 + 2   8 5
A2 = A  A =   = = 
 −1 2  −1 2  −3 − 2 −1 + 4  −5 3
 3 1  15 5  1 0  7 0 
5A = 5   =  7I = 7   7I =  
 −1 2  −5 10 0 1  0 7 
Now, LHS=A2-5A+7I
 8 5 15 5  7 0 
= − + 
 −5 3  −5 10  0 7 
 8 − 15 + 7 5 − 5 + 0  0 0 
= = =0
 −5 + 5 + 0 3 − 10 + 7  0 0 
 A2-5A+7I=0
Now consider
A2-5A+7I=0 (post multiply by A-1 on both sides)
A2A-1-5AA-1+7IA-1=0(A-1)
A ( AA−1 ) − 5 I + 7 A−1 = 0 (AA-1=I, IA=AI=A)
AI-5I+7A-1=0
7 A−1 = 5 I − A
5 0   3 1 
7 A−1 =  − 
0 5   −1 2 
 2 −1
7 A−1 =  
1 3 
1  2 −1
A−1 = 
7 1 3 

PART – E [ 1Q*6M=6 Marks]

QUESTION NUMBER – 51
1.Minimize and Maximize𝒁 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚subject to the constraints 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟖, 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐 , 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 and 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Sol: Let 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8

x 0 8
𝐴(0,4)
y 4 𝐵(8,0)
0
Put x=0 , y=0 ⟹0≤ 𝟖 is true
∴ The solution region towards the origin
Let 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12
x 0 4
C(0,6)
Y 6 0 (4,0)
D
Put x=0 , y=0 ⟹0≤ 𝟏𝟐 is true
∴ The solution region towards the origin

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Here feasible region is bounded and corner points are 𝑂(0,0), 𝐶(4,0), 𝐵(2,3) and A(0,4)[OABCO]

Now,
Corner points 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦
𝑂(0,0) 𝑍 = 0+0 = 0
𝐶(4,0) 𝑍 = −12 + 0 = −𝟏𝟐
𝐵(2,3) 𝑍 = −6 + 12 = 6
𝐴(0,4) 𝑍 = 0 + 16 = 𝟏𝟔

∴ 𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 16 and 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = −12

2.Minimize and Maximize𝒁 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒙 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒚 subject to the constraints𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐 , 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 ,

𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 and 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎graphical method.
Sol: To draw a line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12
x 0 12
y 6 0
⟹ (0,6) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (12,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12
To draw a line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
x 0 6
y 12 0
⟹ (0,12) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (6,0)lie on the line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
To draw a line 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 20
x 0 5
y 4 0

⟹ (0,4) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5,0)lie on the line 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 20

Here feasible region is bounded and corner points are (5,0), (6,0), (4,4)(0,6) and (0,4)

Now,
Corner points 𝑍 = 600𝑥 + 400𝑦
(5,0) 𝑍 = 3000 + 0 = 3000
(6,0) 𝑍 = 3600 + 0 = 3600
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(4,4) 𝑍 = 2400 + 1600 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎

(0,6) 𝑍 = 0 + 2400 = 2400
(0,4) 𝑍 = 0 + 1600 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎
∴ 𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4000 and 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1600

3.Minimize and Maximize 𝒁 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚subject to the constraints 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟔𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟏𝟎 , 𝒙 ≤ 𝒚 , 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 and 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

Sol: To draw a line 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 60
x 0 60
y 20 0
⟹ (0,20) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (60,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 60
To draw a line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
x 0 10
y 10 0
⟹ (0,10) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (10,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10

To draw a line 𝑥 = 𝑦
x 0 0
y 0 0
The line passes through the origin

Here feasible region is bounded and corner points are (0,10), (0,20), (15,15) and (5,5)
Now,
Corner points 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 9𝑦
(0,10) 𝑍 = 0 + 90 = 90
(5,5) 𝑍 = 15 + 45 = 𝟔𝟎
(15,15) 𝑍 = 45 + 135 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
(0,20) 𝑍 = 0 + 180 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎
Now ,𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 180 and 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 60

4.Minimize and maximize 𝒛 = 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚, subject to the constraints𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐𝟎 , 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟔𝟎,𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 ≥ 𝟎 and 𝒙 ≥
𝟎, 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎 by graphical method.
Sol: To draw a line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 120
x 0 120
y 60 0

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⟹ (0,60)&(120,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 120

To draw a line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
x 0 60
y 60 0
⟹ (0,60)&(60,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
To draw a line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
x 0 0
y 0 0
The line passes through the origin

Here feasible region is bounded and corner points are (60,0), (120,0), (60,30) and (40,20)
Now,
Corner points 𝑍 = 5𝑥 + 10𝑦
(60,0) 𝑍 = 300 + 0 = 300
(120,0) 𝑍 = 600 + 0 = 600
(60,30) 𝑍 = 300 + 300 = 600
(40,20) 𝑍 = 200 + 200 = 400
Now ,𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 600 and 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 300

5.Minimize and maximize 𝒛 = 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚. subjected to constraints. 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≥ 𝟏𝟎𝟎, 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 ≤ 𝟎 , 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 , 𝒙 ≥

𝟎, 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Sol: To draw a line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100
x 0 100
y 50 0
⟹ (0,50)&(100,0)lie on the line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100
To draw a line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
x 0 50
y 0 100
⟹ (0,0)&(60,0)lie on the line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
To draw a line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200
x 0 100
y 200 0

⟹ (0,200)&(100,0)lie on the line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 200

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Here feasible region is bounded and corner points are (0,50), (20,40), (50,100) &(0,200)
Now,
Corner points 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦
(0,50) 𝑍 = 0 + 100 = 100
(20,40) 𝑍 = 20 + 80 = 100
(50,100) 𝑍 = 50 + 200 = 250
(0,200) 𝑍 = 0 + 400 = 400

Now ,𝑍𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400 and 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 100

PART – C [ 6Q*3M=18Marks]

QUESTION NUMBER –32 – 3 MARKS

1. Determine whether the relation R in the set 𝐀 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑.....𝟏𝟒} defined as
𝐑 = {(𝐱, 𝐲)/𝟑𝐱 − 𝐲 = 𝟎} is reflexive symmetric and transitive.
Sol: Given ,R = {(x, y)|3x − y = 0}
R = {(x, y)/𝑦 = 3𝑥}
𝑅 = {(1,3), (2,6), (3,9), (4,12)}
Reflexive: Let (1,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴R is not reflexive.
Symmetric : Let (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 but (3,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴R is not symmetric.
Transitive : Let (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 & (3,9) ∈ 𝑅
but (1,9) ∉ 𝑅
∴R is not transitive.
2.Check whether the relation R defined in the set {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, 𝟔} as 𝐑 = {(𝐚, 𝐛)/𝐛 = 𝐚 + 𝟏} is reflexive or
symmetric or transitive.
Sol: 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6), }
Reflexive: Let (1,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴R is not reflexive.
Symmetric: Let (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 but (2,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴R is not symmetric.
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Transitive: Here (1,2) ∈ 𝑅, & (2,3) ∈ 𝑅

but (1,3) ∉ 𝑅
∴ R is not transitive.
3.Show that the relation R in the set 𝑨 = {𝟏, 𝟐 , 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓} given by
𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒃)/ |𝒂 − 𝒃| 𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏} is an equivalence relation.
Sol: Reflexive: Let(𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅: |𝑎 − 𝑎| = |0| is even
∴R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅: |𝑎 − 𝑏| is even
⟹ |−(𝑎 − 𝑏)| is even
⟹ |𝑏 − 𝑎| is even
⟹ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅
∴R is symmetric

Transitive: Let 𝑎 , 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴
such that (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏| and |𝑏 − 𝑐| is even
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 | is even
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑐| is even
⟹ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
∴ R is transitive
Since R is reflexive symmetric and transitive
∴ R is an equivalence relation.
4.Prove that the relation R in the set of integers Z defined by 𝑹 = {𝒙, 𝒚)| 𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓} is an
equivalence relation.
Sol: Reflexive: Let (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0 is an integer
∴ R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅:𝑥 − 𝑦 is an integer
⟹ −(𝑥 − 𝑦) is an integer
⟹ 𝑦 − 𝑥 is an integer⟹ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
∴ R is symmetric
Transitive: Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 − 𝑦 is an integer
& (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅:𝑦 − 𝑧 is an integer
⟹ 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 is an integer
⟹ 𝑥 − 𝑧 is an integer
⟹ (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅
∴ R is transitive
Since R is reflexive symmetric and transitive
∴ R is an equivalence relation.
5.Show that the relation R in the set z of integer given by R={(𝒙, 𝒚)| 2 divides 𝒙 − 𝒚} is an equivalence
relation
Sol: ⟹ 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 2 | 𝑥 − 𝑦}
Reflexive: Let (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 : 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0
∴R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅: 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑦
⟹ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 − (𝑥 − 𝑦)
⟹ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑦 − 𝑥
⟹ (𝑦, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑅
∴R is symmetric
Transitive: Let (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅: 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑦 & (𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅: 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑦 − 𝑧
⟹ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 − 𝑧
⟹ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑧
⟹ (𝑥, 𝑧) ∈ 𝑅
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∴ R is transitive
Since R is reflexive symmetric and transitive
∴R is an equivalence relation.
6.Show that the relation R in the set 𝑨 = {𝒙/𝒙 ∈ 𝒛, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟐} is given by
𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒃)| |𝒂 − 𝒃| 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟒} is an equivalence relation.
Sol: Given ,R = {(a, b)| |a − b| is a multiple of 4}
Reflexive: Let (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅: |𝑎 − 𝑎| = 0 is a multiple of 4
∴R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅:|𝑎 − 𝑏| is a multiple of 4
⟹ |−(𝑎 − 𝑏)| is a multiple of 4
⟹ |𝑏 − 𝑎| is a multiple of 4
⟹ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅
∴ R is symmetric
Transitive: Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 : |𝑎 − 𝑏| is a multiple of 4 &
(𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅|𝑏 − 𝑐| is a multiple of 4
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 |is a multiple of 4
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑐 | is a multiple of 4
⟹ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
∴R is transitive
Since R is reflexive symmetric and transitive
∴ R is an equivalence relation.
7.Show that the relation R in R is defined as 𝑹 = {𝒂, 𝒃)/ 𝒂 ≤ 𝒃} is reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric.
Sol: Given ,𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)/ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏}
Reflexive: (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅: 𝑎 = 𝑎
∴R is reflexive
Symmetric: Let 1 , 2 ∈ 𝑅
such that (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 1 < 2
Now, 2 > 1 ⟹ 2 ≰ 1 ⟹ (2,1) ∉ 𝑅
⟹ R is not symmetric
Transitive: Let 𝑎 , 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅
such that (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅
⟹𝑎 ≤𝑏&𝑏≤𝑐 ⟹𝑎≤𝑐
⟹ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 ⟹ R is transitive
∴ R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
8.Show that the relation R in the set of real number R defined as 𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒃) /𝒂 ≤ 𝒃𝟐 } is neither reflexive
nor symmetric nor transitive
Sol: Given ,𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)/ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏2 }
1 1 1 2
Reflexive: Now ∈ 𝑅 and > ( )
2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1
⟹ 2 ≰ (2) ⟹ (2 , 2) ∉ 𝑅,
∴ R is not reflexive
Symmetric: Now, 1 < 22 ⟹ (1,2) ∈ 𝑅
but 2 > 12 ⟹ 2 ≰ 12 ⟹ (2,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴ R is not symmetric
Transitive : Now, 8 < 32 ⟹ (8,3) ∈ 𝑅
and 3 < 22 ⟹ (3,2) ∈ 𝑅
But 8 > 22 ⟹ 8 ≰ 22 ⟹ (8,2) ∉ 𝑅
∴ R is not transitive
∴ R is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive

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9.Show that the relation R in the set of real number R defined as 𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒃) /𝒂 ≤ 𝒃𝟑 } is neither reflexive
nor symmetric nor transitive
Sol: Given ,𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)/ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏3 }
1 1 1 3
Reflexive: Now 2 ∈ 𝑅and 2 > (2)
1 1 3 1 1
⟹ 2 ≰ (2) ⟹ (2 , 2) ∉ 𝑅,
∴ R is not reflexive
Symmetric: Now, 1 < 23 ⟹ (1,2) ∈ 𝑅
but 2 > 13 ⟹ 2 ≰ 13 ⟹ (2,1) ∉ 𝑅
∴ R is not symmetric
Transitive : Now, 10 < 33 ⟹ (10,3) ∈ 𝑅 and 3 < 23 ⟹ (3,2) ∈ 𝑅
But 10 > 23 ⟹ 10 ≰ 23 ⟹ (10,2) ∉ 𝑅
∴ R is not transitive
∴ R is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive

QUESTION NUMBER –33

√𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
1 . Write 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ),𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝝅 in the simplest form.
√𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
√1−cos 𝑥 2 sin2 𝑥/2
Sol: tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (√2 cos2 𝑥/2)
√1+cos 𝑥

𝑥
sin2 2 𝑥
= tan−1 (√ 𝑥 ) = tan−1 (√tan2 )
cos2 2
2
𝑥
= tan−1 (tan 𝑥/2) = 2
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
2. Write 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝝅 in the simplest form.
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥 −cos 𝑥 1−tan 𝑥 1−tan 𝑥
Sol: tan−1 (cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ) = tan−1 (1+tan 𝑥) = tan−1 (1+1(tan 𝑥))
+
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝜋
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥) = 4 − 𝑥
𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒂
3. Write 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [𝒃 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙] , 𝒃 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 > −𝟏 in the simplest form.
𝑎 cos 𝑥 𝑏 sin 𝑥 𝑎
𝑎 cos 𝑥−𝑏 sin 𝑥 −𝑏 cos 𝑥 −tan 𝑥
Sol: tan−1 (𝑏 cos 𝑥+𝑎 sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (𝑏𝑏 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑎 sin 𝑥 ) = tan−1 ( 𝑏 𝑎 )
+ 1+𝑏 tan 𝑥
𝑏 cos 𝑥 𝑏 cos 𝑥
𝑎
= tan−1 (𝑏 ) − tan−1 (tan 𝑥)
𝑎
= tan−1 (𝑏 ) − 𝑥
𝟏
4. Write 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 , |𝒙| > 1 in the simplest form.
√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Sol: Let 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = sec −1 𝑥
1 1 1 1
Now, cot −1 ( 2 ) = cot −1 ( 2
) = cot −1 ( 2
) = cot −1 ( )
√𝑥 −1 √sec 𝜃−1 √tan 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
−1 −1
= cot (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃) = 𝜃 = sec 𝑥
√𝟏+𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
5. Write 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( ) , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 in the simplest form.
𝒙
Sol: Let x=𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1
√1+𝑥 2−1 √1+tan2 𝜃−1 √sec2 𝜃−1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃−1 −1
Now, tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃/𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
)=
𝑥 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
tan−1 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ) = tan−1 ( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃/2 𝜃 tan−1 𝑥
= tan−1 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃/2 ) = tan−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃/2) = 2 = 2
𝝅
6.If 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏 − 𝒙) − 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟐 then find 𝒙
𝜋
Sol: sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) − 2 sin−1 𝑥 = 2
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𝜋
⟹ sin−1 (1 − 𝑥) = 2 + 2 sin−1 𝑥
𝜋
⟹ 1 − 𝑥 = sin ( 2 + 2 sin−1 𝑥)
⟹ 1 − 𝑥 = cos(2 sin−1 𝑥)
⟹ 1 − 𝑥 = 1 − 2 sin2 (sin−1 𝑥)
⟹ −𝑥 = −2[𝑠𝑖𝑛(sin−1 𝑥)]2
⟹ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 = 0
⟹ 𝑥(1 − 2𝑥) = 0
⟹ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 1 − 2𝑥 = 0
1
⟹ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2
1
Since 𝑥 = 2 is not a solution of the given equation,
⟹ 𝑥 = 0 is the only solution

QUESTION NUMBER –34

𝟑 𝟓
1. Express the matrix 𝑨 = ( ) as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
𝟏 −𝟏
3 5 3 1
Sol: Let 𝐴 = ( ) ⟹ 𝐴′ = ( )
1 −1 5 −1
6 6 0 4
𝐴 + 𝐴′ = ( ) , 𝐴 − 𝐴′ = ( )
6 −2 −4 2
1 1 1 6 6 1 0 4
Now , 2 [𝐴 + 𝐴′ ] + 2 [𝐴 − 𝐴′ ]=2 ( ) +2( )
6 −2 −4 2
3 3 0 2
=( )+( )
3 −1 −2 0
3 5
=( )=𝐴
1 −1
1 1
∴ 𝐴 = 2 [𝐴 + 𝐴′ ] + 2 [𝐴 − 𝐴′ ]
𝟏 𝟐
2.Express the matrix 𝑨 = ( ) as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
𝟑 𝟒
1 2 1 3
Sol: Let 𝐴 = ( ) ⟹ 𝐴′ = ( )
3 4 2 4
2 5 0 −1
𝐴 + 𝐴′ = ( ) , 𝐴 − 𝐴′ = ( )
5 8 1 0
1 1 1 2 5 1 1 3
Now , 2 [𝐴 + 𝐴′ ] + 2 [𝐴 − 𝐴′ ]=2 ( )+ 2( )
5 8 2 4
1 2
=( )=𝐴
3 4
1 1
∴ 𝐴 = [𝐴 + 𝐴′ ] + [𝐴 − 𝐴′ ]
2 2

3..Prove that (Uniqueness of inverse ) : “Inverse of a square matrix if it exists, is unique”.

Proof : Let A =  a ij  be a square matrix of order m. Let B and C be two inverses of A.
 
We shall show that B = C.
Since B is the inverse of A, AB = BA = I → (1)
Since C is the inverse of A, AC = CA = I → (2).
Thus B = BI = B(AC) = (BA) C = IC = C.
−1
4. Prove that If A and B are invertible matrices of the same order, then ( AB) = B−1A −1 .
Proof: From the definition of inverse of a matrix, ( AB)( AB)−1 = I
−1 −1
A −1 ( AB)( AB) = A −1I (Pre multiply both. side by A )

( A A ) B( AB)
−1 −1
= A −1 ( A −1I = A −1 )
−1
IB ( AB ) = A −1 ( IB = B)
−1
B ( AB) = A −1 (Pre multiplying B-1 to both side)

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−1
B−1B ( AB ) = B−1A −1
−1
I ( AB) = B−1A −1
−1
 ( AB) = B−1A −1

QUESTION NUMBER –35

𝒅𝒚
1.If 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 then prove that 𝒅𝒙 = −𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Sol: 𝑑𝑡 = cos 𝑡 & = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡 −2(2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡)
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = −4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝒅𝒚 𝜽
2.If 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)&𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽). Prove that 𝒅𝒙 = −𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟐.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Sol: = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) & = 𝑎(0 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = −𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 −𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑑𝜃
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
−2 sin .cos −2 sin .cos 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
= 2 2
𝜃 = 2
𝜃
2
{1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1 − 2 sin2 2 & 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2 sin 2 . cos 2 }
1−(1−2 sin2 ) 2 sin2
2 2
𝜃
𝑑𝑦 − cos 2 𝜃
⟹ = 𝜃 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡
𝑑𝑥 sin2 2
𝒅𝒚 𝜽
3. If 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)&𝒚 = 𝒂(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽). Prove that 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Sol: 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) & = 𝑎(0 − (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)) = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎(1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑑𝜃
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
2 sin2 .cos 2 2 sin2 .cos 2 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
= 𝜃 = 𝜃 {1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2 cos 2 2 − 1 & 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2 sin 2 . cos 2 }
1+(2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 2 −1) 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 2
𝜃
𝑑𝑦 sin2 𝜃
⟹ = 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
𝑑𝑥 cos 2
𝒅𝒚
4.Find 𝒅𝒙 𝒊𝒇𝒙 = 𝒂(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽) and 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 − 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽) .
Sol:
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎[−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + (𝜃 cos 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃(1))]
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑎𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − (𝜃(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃(1))]
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎[𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃]
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑎𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝜃 𝑎𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Now, = = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥/𝑑𝜃 𝑎𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
5. If 𝒙 = √𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒚 = √𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒕 then prove that 𝒅𝒙 = − 𝒙
Sol: 𝑥𝑦 = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑡 √𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠−1 𝑡
−1 −1
𝑥𝑦 = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑎cos 𝑡

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𝑥𝑦 = √𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑡+cos−1 𝑡
𝜋
𝑥𝑦 = √a2 ,
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑥
𝜋
𝑑𝑦 𝑑(𝑥) 𝑑
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 √a 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦(1) = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝒚
6.If 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽, prove that 𝒅𝒙 = − √𝒙
𝑑𝑥
Sol: = 3𝑎 cos 2 𝜃 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = −3 acos 2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑎 sin2 𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 asin2 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃 3 asin2 𝜃 cos 𝜃
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = −3 acos2 𝜃 sin 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝜃
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝜃 … … … … . (1)
𝑥
Now, 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 3 𝜃 ⟹ cos 3 𝜃 = 𝑎
3
3 𝑥 √𝑥
⟹ cos 𝜃 = √𝑎 ⟹ cos 𝜃 = 3 … … . (2)
√𝑎
𝑦
Now, 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin3 𝜃 ⟹ sin3 𝜃 =
𝑎
3
3 𝑦 √𝑦
⟹ sin 𝜃 = √𝑎 ⟹ sin 𝜃 = 3 … … . (3)
√𝑎
From, (1) , (2), (3)
3
√𝑦
3 3
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝜃 𝑦 3 𝑦
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝜃 = − 3
√𝑎
= − 3√ = − √𝑥
√𝑥 √𝑥
3
√𝑎
𝒅𝒚 𝐭
7.Find , if = 𝒂 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝟐)) , 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕.
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑥 1 1
Sol: = 𝑎 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡 (sec 2 𝑡/2) 2)
𝑑𝑡 tan(2)

𝑑𝑥 1 1 1
= 𝑎 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 sin(2) cos2(2) 2
𝑡
cos(2)

𝑑𝑥 1
= 𝑎 (− sin 𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 2 sin2 cos2
𝑑𝑥 1
= 𝑎 (− sin 𝑡 + )
𝑑𝑡 sin 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 − sin2 𝑡+1 𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑡
= 𝑎( )⟹ = 𝑎 ( sin 𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 , ⟹ = acos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 acos 𝑡
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = cos2 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑎( sin 𝑡 )
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑡 sin 𝑡
= cos 𝑡 cos2 𝑡 = cos 𝑡 = tan 𝑡
𝑑𝑥

QUESTION NUMBER –36

𝒅𝒚
1. If 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒙
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Sol: 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥
Take log on both sides
log 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥
log 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) + log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 𝑥 + log(𝑥)(1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦[1 + log 𝑥]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
2.Find 𝒅𝒙 . 𝒊𝒇𝒚 = (𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 .
Sol: 𝑦 = (log 𝑥)cos 𝑥 ,
Take log on both sides
⟹ log 𝑦 = log[log 𝑥] cos 𝑥
⟹ log 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 . log(log 𝑥)
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [log(log 𝑥)] + log(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (cos 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= cos 𝑥 . log 𝑥 𝑥 + log(log 𝑥) (− sin 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= 𝑦 [𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log(log 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= (log 𝑥)cos 𝑥 [𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 . log(log 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
3.Find 𝒅𝒙, if 𝒚 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝒙 , 𝒙 > 𝟎
Sol: 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥)𝑥 ,
Take log on both sides
log 𝑦 = log(sin 𝑥)𝑥
log 𝑦 = 𝑥. log(sin 𝑥)
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)) + log(sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 sin 𝑥 (cos 𝑥) + log(sin 𝑥) (1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦[𝑥 cot 𝑥 + log(sin 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (sin 𝑥)𝑥 [𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + log(sin 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒙
4.Differentiate (𝒙 + 𝒙) with respect to 𝒙
1 𝑥
Sol: 𝑦 = (𝑥 + ) ,
𝑥
Take log on both sides
1 𝑥
log 𝑦 = log (𝑥 + 𝑥)
1
log 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑥) ,
Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1 1 𝑑
= 𝑥 [log (𝑥 + )] + log (𝑥 + ) (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
=𝑥 1 (1 − 𝑥 2) + log (𝑥 + 𝑥) (1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 1
= 𝑦 [ 𝑥2+1 ( ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥

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𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑥) [𝑥 2+1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂−𝒚
5.If 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 then prove 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝑦 𝑥
Sol: 𝑥 = 𝑎 ,Take log on both sides
log 𝑥 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥
⟹ 𝑦log 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 ,
Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 [log 𝑥] + log 𝑥 (𝑦) = log 𝑎 (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 (1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 – 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 log 𝑎−𝑦
log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎−𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝒚
6 .If 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐−𝟏) , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < then find 𝒅𝒙
√𝟐
1
Sol: 𝑦 = sec −1 (2𝑥 2−1) ,
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
1
𝑦 = sec −1 (2 cos2 𝜃−1)
1
𝑦 = sec −1 (cos 2𝜃 )
𝑦 = sec −1 (𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃)
𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 cos −1 𝑥 ,
Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑦 −2
= 2 √1−𝑥 2 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2 .
𝑑𝑥
𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚
7 .If 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐) , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 1, then find 𝒅𝒙
Sol: Let 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1−tan2 𝜃
𝑦 = cos −1 (1+tan2 𝜃 )
𝑦 = cos −1(cos 2𝜃)
⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2 tan−1 𝑥 ,
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
𝑑𝑦 1 2
= 2 2 =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝒅𝒚 𝟐
8.If 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) then prove 𝒅𝒙 =
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥
𝑦 = sin−1(2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√1 − sin2 𝜃) ⟹ 𝑦
𝑦 = sin−1(sin 2𝜃)
⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 sin−1 𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 2
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √1−𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝟏
9.If 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) then prove that 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Sol: (𝑤 𝑘 𝑡 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin . cos and cos 𝑥 = 2 cos 2 − 1)
2 2 2
sin 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 (1+cos 𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥
2 sin2 .cos2
−1
𝑦 = tan ( 𝑥 )
1+2 cos2 2 −1

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𝑥 𝑥
2 sin2 .cos2
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝑥 )
2 cos2 2
𝑥
sin2
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝑥 )
cos2
𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1(tan 𝑥/2) ⟹ 𝑦 = 2
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥 ′
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 2

QUESTION NUMBER –40

1. Show that the position vector of the point P, which divides the line joining the points A and B having
𝐦𝐛+𝐧𝐚⃗
⃗ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛 internally in the ratio 𝐦: 𝐧 is
position vectors 𝐚 .
𝐦+𝐧
Sol: 𝐴
𝑚
𝑃
𝑛
𝐵
0

Let O be the origin. Let AB be the line segment and P divides AB internally in the ratio 𝑚: 𝑛.
Let Position vector of 𝐴 = 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎
Let Position vector of 𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗ and
Let Position vector of = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 𝑟.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃 𝑚
Now, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑚𝑃𝐵
⟹ 𝑛𝐴𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐵 𝑛
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⟹ 𝑛(𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴) = 𝑚(𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝑃)
⟹ 𝑛(𝑟 − 𝑎) = 𝑚(𝑏⃗ − 𝑟)
⟹ 𝑛𝑟 − 𝑛𝑎 = 𝑚𝑏⃗ − 𝑚𝑟
⟹ 𝑚𝑟 + 𝑛𝑟 = 𝑚𝑏⃗ + 𝑛𝑎
⟹ 𝑟(𝑚 + 𝑛) = 𝑚𝑏⃗ + 𝑛𝑎
⃗ +𝑛𝑎⃗
𝑚𝑏
𝑟= .
𝑚+𝑛

⃗ + 𝐛) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝐚
2. Find the unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors (𝐚 ⃗ − 𝐛) where
̂ , 𝐛 = 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝟑𝐤
⃗ = 𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
𝐚 ̂
Sol: 𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
𝑎 − 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ − (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂) = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ − 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ = 0𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
⃗ ⃗
Now, (𝑎 + 𝑏) × (𝑎 − 𝑏) = |2 3 4|
0 −1 −2
= 𝑖̂(−6 + 4) − 𝑗̂(−4 − 0) + 𝑘̂ (−2 − 0)

(𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) × (𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) = −2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂

Now, |(𝑎 + 𝑏⃗) × (𝑎 − 𝑏⃗)| = √(−2)2 + (4)2 + (−2)2 = √4 + 16 + 4 = √24 = 2√6
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⃗
(𝑎⃗+𝑏)× (𝑎⃗−𝑏) ⃗
⃗ + ⃗b) and (a
Now, unit vector perpendicular to (a ⃗ − ⃗b) is𝑛̂ = |(𝑎⃗+𝑏⃗)× (𝑎⃗−𝑏⃗)|
̂
−2𝑖̂+4𝑗̂ −2𝑘
𝑛̂ = 2 √6

⃗ = 𝟐𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌
3. If 𝒂 ̂, ⃗𝒃 = −𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂ and 𝒄 ⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ are such that 𝒂⃗ + ⃗𝒃 is perpendicular to 𝒄
⃗ .Then find
the value of .
Sol: 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ + 𝜆(−𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ − 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝜆𝑗̂ + 𝜆𝑘̂
𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗ = (2 − 𝜆)𝑖̂ + (2 + 2𝜆)𝑗̂ + (3 + 𝜆)𝑘̂
Given: 𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗ is perpendicular to 𝑐
(𝑎 + 𝜆𝑏⃗). (𝑐 ) = 0
[(2 − 𝜆)𝑖̂ + (2 + 2𝜆)𝑗̂ + (3 + 𝜆)𝑘̂]. (3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 0𝑘̂) = 0
(2 − 𝜆)3 + (2 + 2𝜆)1 + (3 + 𝜆)0 = 0
6 − 3𝜆 + 2 + 2𝜆 = 0
8−𝜆 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 =8

⃗ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛 such that |𝐚

4. If two vectors 𝐚 ⃗ | = 𝟐 |𝐛| = 𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚
⃗ . 𝐛 = 𝟒 find|𝐚
⃗ × 𝐛|.
Sol: W.K.T
2 2 2
|a ⃗ | + (a
⃗ ×b ⃗ ) = |a
⃗ .b ⃗|
⃗ |2 |b
2
⃗ × ⃗b| + (4)2 = (2)2 (3)2
|a
2
⃗ × ⃗b| + 16 = 4 × 9
|a
2
⃗ × ⃗b| = 36 − 16 = 20
|a
⃗ × ⃗b| = √20 = 4√2
|a

5.Three vectors ⃗𝒂, ⃗𝒃&𝒄

⃗ satisfy the condition ⃗𝒂 + ⃗𝒃 + ⃗𝒄 = 𝟎 . Evaluate the quantity 𝝁 = ⃗𝒂, ⃗𝒃 + ⃗𝒃. ⃗𝒄 + ⃗𝒄. ⃗𝒂 if
|𝒂 ⃗ | = 𝟒 and|𝒄
⃗ | = 𝟏, |𝒃 ⃗|=𝟐
Sol: Given⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 = 0
|𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 | = 0 ,
2
|𝑎 + 𝑏⃗ + 𝑐 | = 0
2
|𝑎 |2 + |𝑏⃗| + |𝑐 |2 + 2(𝑎 , 𝑏⃗ + 𝑏⃗. 𝑐 + 𝑐 . 𝑎 ) = 0
(1)2 + (4)2 + (2)2 + 2(𝑎 , 𝑏⃗ + 𝑏⃗. 𝑐 + 𝑐 . 𝑎 ) = 0
1 + 16 + 4 + 2𝜇 = 0
21 + 2𝜇 = 0
2𝜇 = −21
21
𝜇= − .
2

QUESTION NUMBER –41

1. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position
̂ and −𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
vectors are𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ − 𝐤 ̂ respectively, in the ratio 2 : 1
(i) internally(ii) externally.
Sol: Let P.V of the point 𝑃 = ⃗a = î + 2ĵ − k̂ and Let P.V of the point 𝑄 = b
⃗ = −î + ĵ + k̂
(i) Given R divides the line joining two points P and Q internally in the ratio 2:1
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⃗ +na
mb ⃗ ⃗ +1a
2b ⃗
Now, Position vector of 𝑅 = =
m+n 2+1
̂ )+(î+2ĵ− k
2(−î+ĵ+k ̂)
P. V of 𝑅 = 3
̂+î+2ĵ−̂
−2î+2ĵ+2 k k
P. V of 𝑅 = 3
̂
−î+4ĵ+ k
P. V of 𝑅 = 3
(ii) Given R divides the line joining two points P and Q externally in the ratio 2:1
⃗ −na
mb ⃗ ⃗ −1a
2b ⃗
Now, P.V of 𝑅 = =
m−n 2−1
̂ )−(î+2ĵ− k
2(−î+ĵ+k ̂)
P. V of 𝑅 =
1
P. V of 𝑅 = −2î + 2ĵ + 2 k̂ − î − 2ĵ + k̂
P. V of 𝑅 = −3î + 0ĵ + 3 k̂

PART – B [ 6 Q * 2M=12 Marks]

QUESTION NUMBER –21
1 .Prove that 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 ,
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥
LHS = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )
= sin−1 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√1 − sin2 𝜃)
= sin−1 (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√cos2 𝜃)
= sin (2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) = sin−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃) = 2𝜃 = 2 sin−1 𝑥 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
−1

2.Prove that 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒙 ,

Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
LHS = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )
= sin−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√1 − cos2 𝜃) = sin−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃√sin2 𝜃)
= sin−1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) = sin−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃) = 2𝜃 = 2 cos −1 𝑥 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
3.Prove that 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 ) ,
Sol:𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
= sin−1 (3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃)
= sin−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃) = 3𝜃 = 3 sin−1 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
4.Prove that 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬−𝟏 (𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙) ,
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = cos −1 (4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)
= cos −1 (4 cos3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)
= cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃) = 3𝜃 = 3 cos −1 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟑
5.Write 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 [ ] , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 > −𝟏 in the simplest form.
𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙+𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝟒

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3 cos 𝑥−4 sin 𝑥
Sol: tan−1 (4 cos 𝑥+3 sin 𝑥)
3 cos 𝑥 4 sin 𝑥 3
−4 cos 𝑥 −tan 𝑥
= tan−1 (44 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 3 sin 𝑥 ) = tan−1 ( 4 3 )
+ 1+4 tan 𝑥
4 cos 𝑥 4 cos 𝑥
3
= tan−1 (4) − tan−1 (tan 𝑥)
3
= tan−1 ( ) − 𝑥
4

QUESTION NUMBER –22

1. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (𝟑, 𝟖), (−𝟒, 𝟐)𝒂𝒏𝒅(𝟓, 𝟏) by using determinant method.
Sol : Let 𝐴 = (3,8) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (−4,2) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (5,1) = (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 3 8 1
1 1
Area of triangle ABC is given by Δ = 2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = 2 |−4 2 1|
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 5 1 1
1
= 2 [3(2 − 1) − 8(−4 − 5) + 1(−4 − 10)]
1
= 2 [3(1) − 8(−9) + 1(−14)]
1 1
= 2 [3 + 72 − 14] = 2 (61)
61
Area of triangle ABC = 𝑆𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
2. Using determinant , find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (𝟏, 𝟎), (𝟔, 𝟎) and (𝟒, 𝟑)
Sol : Let 𝐴 = (1,0) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (6,0) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (4,3) = (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 1 0 1
1 1
Area of triangle ABC is given by Δ = 2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = 2 |6 0 1|
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 4 3 1
1
= 2 [1(0 − 3) − 0(6 − 4) + 1(18 − 0)]
1
= [1(−3) − 0(2) + 1(18)]
2
1 1 15
= 2 [−3 − 0 + 18] = 2 (15) = 2 𝑆𝑞.units
15
Area of triangle ABC =
𝑆𝑞. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
3. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are(−𝟐, −𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟐) and (−𝟏, −𝟖)by using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴 = (−2, −3) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (3,2) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (−1, −8) = (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 −2 −3 1
1 1
Area of triangle ABC is given by Δ = 2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = 2 | 3 2 1|
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 −1 −8 1
1
= [−2(2 + 8)— 3)(3 + 1) + 1(−24 + 2)
2
1
= [−2(10) + 3(4) + 1(−22)]
2
1 1
= [−20 + 12 − 22] = (−30) = −15
2 2
Since area of triangle is positive
Area of triangle ABC = 15 Sq.units.
4. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are(𝟐, 𝟎), (−𝟏, 𝟎) and (𝟎, 𝟑) by using determinants.
Sol : Let 𝐴 = (2,0) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (−1,0) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (0,3) = (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )

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𝑥1 𝑦1 1 2 0 1
1 1
𝑥
Area of triangle ABC is given by Δ = 2 | 2 𝑦2 1 | = 2 |−1 0 1|
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 0 3 1
1
= [2(0 − 3) − 0(−1 − 0) + 1(−3 − 0)]
2
1
= 2 [2(−3) − 0(−1) + 1(−3)]

1 −9 −9 9
= 2 (−9) = = |2|=2
2
9
Area of triangle ABC == 2Sq.units.
5. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are(𝟐, 𝟕), (𝟏, 𝟏) and (𝟏𝟎, 𝟖) by using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴 = (2,7) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (1,1) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (10,8) = (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )
𝑥1 𝑦1 1 2 7 1
1 1
Area of triangle ABC is given by Δ = 2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = 2 | 1 1 1|
𝑥3 𝑦3 1 10 8 1
1
= [2(1 − 8) − 7(1 − 10) + 1(8 − 10)]
2
1
= [2(−7) − 7(−9) + 1(−2)]
2
1 1 47
= [−14 + 63 − 2] = (47) =
2 2 2
47
Area of triangle ABC = 2 Sq.units.
6. If the area of the triangle with vertices (−𝟐, 𝟎), (𝟎, 𝟒)𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟎, 𝒌) is 4 square units, find the values of k using
determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (−2,0) , 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (0,4) and 𝐶(𝑥3, 𝑦3 ) = (0, 𝑘)
Given : Area of Δ ABC = ± 4 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑥 𝑦1 1
1 1
| 2 𝑦2 1| = |4|
𝑥
2 𝑥 𝑦 1
3 3

1 −2 0 1
|0 4 1| = ±4
2
0 𝐾 1
−2(4 − 𝐾) − 0(0 − 0) + 1(0 − 0) = ±(2 × 4)
−8 + 2𝑘 − 0 + 0 = ±8
2𝑘 − 8 = ±8 ⟹ 2𝑘 = 8 ± 8
2𝑘 = 8 + 8 𝑜𝑟 8 − 8
2𝑘 = 16 𝑜𝑟 0
𝑘 = 8 𝑜𝑟 0
7. Find values of k, if area of triangle is 4 sq. units and vertices are (𝒌, 𝟎) , (𝟒, 𝟎), (𝟎, 𝟐)using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (𝑘, 0), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (4,0) and 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) = (0,2)
Given: Area of ΔABC = ±4 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑥 𝑦1 1
1 1
|𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = |4|
2 𝑥 𝑦 1
3 3

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1 𝑘 0 1
|4 0 1| = ±4
2
0 2 1
𝑘(0 − 2) − 0(4 − 0) + 1(8 − 0) = ±(2 × 4)
−2𝑘 − 0 + 8 = ±8 ⟹ 2𝑘 = 8 ∓ 8
2𝑘 = 8 + 8 𝑜𝑟 8 − 8 ⟹ 2𝑘 = 16 𝑜𝑟 0
𝑘 = 8 𝑜𝑟 0
8. Find values of k, if area of triangle is 35 sq. units and vertices are (𝟐, −𝟔) , (𝟓, 𝟒), (𝒌, 𝟒)using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴 = (2, −6) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (5,4) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and 𝐶 = (𝑘, 4) = (𝑥3, 𝑦3 )
Given: Area of ΔABC = ±35 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑥 𝑦1 1
1 1
|𝑥2 𝑦2 1| = |35|
2 𝑥 𝑦 1
3 3
1 2 −6 1
|5 4 1| = ±35
2
𝑘 4 1
2(4 − 4) + 6(5 − 𝑘) + 1(20 − 4𝑘) = ±(2 × 35)

2(0) + 30 − 6𝑘 + 20 − 4𝑘 = ±70
50 − 10𝑘 = ±70 ⟹ 50 ∓ 70 = 10𝑘
10𝑘 = 50 + 70 𝑜𝑟 50 − 70
10𝑘 = 120 𝑜𝑟 − 20 ⟹ 𝑘 = 12 𝑜𝑟 − 2
9. Find the equation of the line joining (1,2) and (3,6) using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴 = (1,2) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (3,6) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝑥 𝑦 1
Equation of line is |𝑥1 𝑦1 1| = 0
𝑥2 𝑦2 1
𝑥 𝑦 1
|1 2 1 | = 0
3 6 1
𝑥(2 − 6) − 𝑦(1 − 3) + 1(6 − 6) = 0
𝑥(−4) − 𝑦(−2) + 1(0) = 0
−4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 4𝑥 = 2𝑦
2𝑥 = 𝑦
10. Find the equation of a line passing through (𝟏, 𝟑)𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟎, 𝟎) using determinants.
Sol: Let 𝐴 = (1,3) = (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (0,0) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )
𝑥 𝑦 1
Equation of line is | 1 𝑦1 1| = 0
𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦2 1
𝑥 𝑦 1
|1 3 1 | = 0
0 0 1
𝑥 (3 − 0 ) − 𝑦 (1 − 0 ) + 1 (0 − 0 ) = 0
𝑥(3) − 𝑦(1) + 1(0) = 0
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
3𝑥 = 𝑦
11. Find the equation of a line passing through (𝟑, 𝟏)(𝟗, 𝟑) using determinants.

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Sol : 𝐴 = (3,1) = (𝑥1, 𝑦1 ), 𝐵 = (9,3) = (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )

𝑥 𝑦 1
Equation of line is |𝑥1 𝑦1 1| = 0
𝑥2 𝑦2 1
𝑥 𝑦 1
|3 1 1 | = 0
9 3 1
𝑥(1 − 3) − 𝑦(3 − 9) + 1(9 − 9) = 0
𝑥(−2) − 𝑦(−6) + 1(0) = 0
−2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 2𝑥 = 6𝑦
𝑥 = 3𝑦
QUESTION NUMBER –23
𝒅𝒚
1.If 𝒚 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒙 .
Sol: Given ,𝑦 + sin 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 + cos 𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(1 + cos 𝑦) = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 − sin 𝑥
= 1+cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
2.If √𝒙 + √𝒚 = √𝟏𝟎 then show that + √𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒙

Sol: Given ,√𝑥 + √𝑦 = 10

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1
+ =0 ⟹ =−
2√𝑥 2√𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥
𝑑𝑦 √ 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
= − 2√𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = − √𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
+ √𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
3.Find , 𝒊𝒇 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒅𝒙
Sol: Given ,𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 100
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦(1) + 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = −(2𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −(2𝑥−𝑦)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+2𝑦
𝒅𝒚
4.Find𝒅𝒙, if 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚.
Sol: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = cos 𝑦 ,𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎(1) + 𝑏2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑎
𝑑𝑦
(2𝑏𝑦 + sin 𝑦) = −𝑎
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑎
= 2𝑏𝑦+sin 𝑦
𝑑𝑥

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𝒅𝒚
5.Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝐲 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒚
Sol: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = sin 𝑦 ,𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2(1) + 3 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3 𝑑𝑥 − cos 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −2
𝑑𝑦
(3 − cos 𝑦) = −2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2
= 3−cos 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
6.If 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒙
Sol: 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 ,Take log on both sides
log 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 ⟹ log 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 ,
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) + log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 𝑥 + log(𝑥)(1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦[1 + log 𝑥]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
7.Find 𝒅𝒙 . 𝒊𝒇𝒚 = (𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 .
Sol: 𝑦 = (log 𝑥)cos 𝑥 ,
Take log on both sides
⟹ log 𝑦 = log[log 𝑥] cos 𝑥
⟹ log 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 . log(log 𝑥)
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [log(log 𝑥)] + log(log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (cos 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= cos 𝑥 . + log(log 𝑥) (− sin 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= 𝑦 [𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log(log 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
= (log 𝑥)cos 𝑥 [𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 . log(log 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚
8.Find 𝒅𝒙, if 𝒚 = (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙)𝒙 , 𝒙 > 𝟎
Sol: 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥 )𝑥 ,
Take log on both sides
log 𝑦 = log(sin 𝑥)𝑥
log 𝑦 = 𝑥. log(sin 𝑥)
, 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑥 (log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )) + log(sin 𝑥) (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
= 𝑥 sin 𝑥 (cos 𝑥) + log(sin 𝑥) (1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦[𝑥 cot 𝑥 + log(sin 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (sin 𝑥)𝑥 [𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + log(sin 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝟏 𝒙
9.Differentiate (𝒙 + 𝒙) with respect to 𝒙
1 𝑥
Sol: 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑥) ,
Take log on both sides
1 𝑥
log 𝑦 = log (𝑥 + 𝑥)
1
log 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑥) ,
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Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 1 1 𝑑
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [log (𝑥 + 𝑥)] + log (𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
=𝑥 1 (1 − 𝑥 2) + log (𝑥 + 𝑥) (1)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 1
= 𝑦 [ 𝑥2+1 ( ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑥) [𝑥 2+1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥 + 𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒂−𝒚
10.If 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙 then prove 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝑦 𝑥
Sol: 𝑥 = 𝑎 ,Take log on both sides
⟹ log 𝑥 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦log 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 ,
Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 [log 𝑥] + log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦) = log 𝑎 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) ⟹ 𝑦 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 (1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 – 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 log 𝑎−𝑦
log 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎−𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝒚
11.If 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 (𝟐𝒙𝟐−𝟏) , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < then find 𝒅𝒙
√𝟐
1
Sol: 𝑦 = sec −1 (2𝑥 2−1) ,
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = cos −1 𝑥
1
𝑦 = sec −1 (2 cos2 𝜃−1)
1
𝑦 = sec −1 (cos 2𝜃 )
𝑦 = sec −1 (𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝜃)
⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 cos −1 𝑥 ,
Diff 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −1
= 2 √1−𝑥 2 ⟹
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2
= √1−𝑥 2 .
𝑑𝑥
𝟏−𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚
12.If 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟏+𝒙𝟐) , 𝟎 < 𝒙 < 1, then find 𝒅𝒙
1−𝑥 2
Sol: 𝑦 = cos −1 (1+𝑥 2),
Let 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
1−tan2 𝜃
𝑦 = cos −1 (1+tan2 𝜃 )
𝑦 = cos −1(cos 2𝜃)
𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2 tan−1 𝑥 ,
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
𝑑𝑦 1 2
= 2 1+𝑥 2 = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒚 𝟐
13.If 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏(𝟐𝒙√𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 ) then prove 𝒅𝒙 =
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
−1
Sol: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = sin 𝑥
𝑦 = sin−1(2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃√1 − sin2 𝜃)
𝑦 = sin−1(sin 2𝜃)
⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝜃 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 sin−1 𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 ′𝑥′
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 2
=2 2
⇒ = 2
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥

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𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝟏
14.If 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) then prove that 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
Sol: (𝑤 𝑘 𝑡 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 2 . cos 2 and cos 𝑥 = 2 cos 2 2 − 1)
sin 𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1 (1+cos 𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥
2 sin2 .cos2
−1
𝑦 = tan ( 𝑥 )
1+2 cos2 −1
2
𝑥 𝑥
2 sin .cos
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 2
𝑥
2
)
2 cos2
2
𝑥
sin2
𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝑥)
cos2
𝑥
𝑦 = tan−1(tan 𝑥/2) ⟹ 𝑦 = 2 ,
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑤 𝑟 𝑡 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= .
𝑑𝑥 2
QUESTION NUMBER –28
̂ which has magnitude 8 units.
1. Find the vector in the direction of vector 𝟓𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤
Sol: Let 𝑎 = 5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
|𝑎| = √(5)2 + (−1)2 + (2)2
|𝑎| = √25 + 1 + 4 = √30
𝑎⃗ ̂
5𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘
Now unit vector along the direction of 𝑎 is 𝑎̂ = |𝑎⃗| =
√30
Now Vector of magnitude of 8 is
̂
5𝑖̂−𝑗̂ +2𝑘
8𝑎̂ = 8 ( )
√30

̂ and 𝐛 = 𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
⃗ = 𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ − 𝐤
2. Find the angle between the vectors 𝐚 ̂.
Sol: |𝑎| = √(1)2 + (1)2 + (−1)2 = √3
|𝑏⃗| = √(1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 = √3
Now 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ). (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ )
𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = (1)(1) + (1)(−1) + (−1)(1)
𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 1 − 1 − 1 = −1
⃗
𝑎⃗.𝑏 −1 1
⃗ then 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
Let 𝜃be the angle between ⃗a and b ⃗| =
|𝑎⃗||𝑏
= −3
√3√3
−1
𝜃 = cos −1 ( 3 )

3. Find the projection of the vector 𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝟕𝐤 ̂ on the vector 𝟕𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝟖𝐤

̂.
Sol: Let ⃗a = î + 3ĵ + 7k̂ and 𝑏⃗ = 7𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂
⃗
⃗ .b
a
⃗ is given by
W. K. T Projection of ⃗a on b ⃗|
|b
(î+3ĵ+7k̂ ).(7î−ĵ+8k
̂)
= ̂|
|7î−ĵ+8k
(1)(7)+(3)(−1)+(7)(8)
=
√(7)2 +(−1)2 +(8)2
7−3+56 60
= = .
√49+9+64 √114
̂ on the vector 𝐛 = 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝐤
⃗ = 𝟐𝐢̂ + 𝟑𝐣̂ + 𝟐𝐤
4. Obtain the projection of the vector 𝐚 ̂.

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Sol: Let ⃗a = 2î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ and ⃗b = î + 2ĵ + k̂

⃗
⃗ .b
a
⃗ is given by
W. K. T Projection of ⃗a on b ⃗|
|b
̂ ).(𝑖̂+2𝑗̂ +𝑘
(2𝑖̂+3𝑗̂ +2𝑘 ̂)
= ̂
|𝑖̂+2𝑗̂ +𝑘|
(2)(1)+ (3)(2)+ (2)(1)
=
√(1)2 +(2)2 +(1)2

2+6+2 10
= =
√1+4+1 √6

5. If two vectors 𝒂⃗ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝒃 such that |𝒂 ⃗ | = 𝟑& 𝒂

⃗ | = 𝟐, |𝒃 ⃗ . ⃗𝒃 = 𝟒 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 |𝒂
⃗ − ⃗𝒃|.
Sol: Given:|𝑎| = 2, |𝑏⃗| = 3 and𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 4
2 2
W.K.T |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| = |𝑎|2 + |𝑏⃗| − 2𝑎. 𝑏⃗
2 2
|𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| = (2)2 + (3)2 − 2(4) ⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| = 4 + 9 − 8
2
⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| = 5 ⟹ |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗| = √5 .

⃗ + ⃗𝒃| = |𝒂
6. If |𝒂 ⃗ − ⃗𝒃| then prove that 𝒂
⃗ and ⃗𝒃 are perpendicular.
Sol: Given: |𝑎 + 𝑏⃗| = |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗|
2 2
|𝑎 + 𝑏⃗| = |𝑎 − 𝑏⃗|
2 2
|𝑎|2 + |𝑏⃗| + 2𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = |𝑎|2 + |𝑏⃗| − 2𝑎. 𝑏⃗
2𝑎. 𝑏⃗ + 2𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 0
4𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 0

∴ 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗are perpendicular.

7. If ⃗𝒂 is a unit vector and (𝒙

⃗ − ⃗𝒂). (𝒙
⃗ + ⃗𝒂) = 𝟖 then find |𝒙
⃗|
Sol: Given:𝑎 is a unit vector⟹ |𝑎| = 1
Given:(𝑥 − 𝑎). (𝑥 + 𝑎) = 8
|𝑥 |2 − |𝑎|2 = 8
|𝑥 |2 − (1)2 = 8
|𝑥 |2 = 8 + 1 = 9
|𝑥 |2 = 9 ⟹ |𝑥 | = 3.
8. Find |𝐚⃗ |&|𝐛|, 𝐢𝐟 (𝐚 ⃗ − 𝐛) = 𝟖 and |𝐚
⃗ + 𝐛). (𝐚 ⃗ | = 𝟖 |𝐛|.
Sol: Given (𝑎 + 𝑏⃗)(𝑎 − 𝑏⃗) = 8
2 2 2
|𝑎|2 − |𝑏⃗| = 8 ⟹ (8|𝑏⃗|) − |𝑏⃗| = 8
2 2 2
64|𝑏⃗| − |𝑏⃗| = 8 ⟹ 63|𝑏⃗| = 8
2 8 √8
|𝑏⃗| = ⟹ |𝑏⃗| =
63 √63
√8
Now, |𝑎| = 8|𝑏⃗| = 8
√63
8√8
⟹ |𝑎| = .
√63

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√𝟐
9. Let |𝐚
⃗ | = 𝟑, |𝐛| = ⃗ × 𝐛| = 𝟏.Find the angle between 𝐚
𝐚𝐧𝐝 |𝐚 ⃗ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐛.
𝟑
√2
⃗ × ⃗b| = 1 , |𝑎| = 3, |𝑏⃗| = 3
Sol: Given |a

⃗ ×b|
|a ⃗ 1 1
Let 𝜃be the angle between ⃗a and ⃗b then sin 𝜃 = |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗| = √2
=
33 √2

1 𝜋
⟹ 𝜃 = sin−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝜃 = 4
√2
̂ and 𝟑𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝟔 𝐤
10. Find the sine of the angle between the vectors 𝐢̂ + 𝟐𝐣̂ + 𝟐 𝐤 ̂.
Sol: |𝑎| = √(1)2 + (2)2 + (2)2 = 3
|𝑏⃗| = √(3)2 + (2)2 + (6)2 = 7
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = |1 2 2|
3 2 6
⃗
𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑖(12 − 4) − 𝑗(6 − 6) + 𝑘(2 − 6)
𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 8𝑖̂ − 0𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
|𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √(8)2 + (0)2 + (−4)2
|𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √64 + 0 + 16 = √80

|𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √16 × 5 = 4√5

⃗ ×b|
|a ⃗ 4√5 4√5
Let 𝜃be the angle between ⃗a and ⃗b then sin 𝜃 = |𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗| = 3.7 = 21
̂, ⃗𝒃 =
⃗ = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 𝟒𝒌
11. Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors 𝒂
̂.
𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝒌
Sol: Given 𝑎 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
Now, 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = |3 1 4|
1 −1 1
𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑖(1 + 4) − 𝑗(3 − 4) + 𝑘̂(−3 − 1)
⃗
𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 5𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
Area of the parallelogram = |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗|
= √(5)2 + (1)2 + (−4)2 = √25 + 1 + 16 = √42 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

̂ , and 𝐛 =
⃗ = 𝐢̂ + 𝐣̂ − 𝐤
12. Find the area of parallelogram whose adjacent sides determine by the vectors 𝐚
̂.
𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝐤
Sol : Given 𝑎 = î + ĵ − k̂, 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
Now, 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = |1 1 −1|
1 −1 1
⃗
𝑎 × 𝑏 = 𝑖 (1 − 1) − 𝑗(1 + 1) + 𝑘(−1 − 1)
𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 0𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
Area of the parallelogram = |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √(0)2 + (−2)2 + (−2)2 = √0 + 4 + 4 = √8 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
̂ and ⃗𝒃 = 𝟐𝒊̂ − 𝟕𝒋̂ −
⃗ = 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ − 𝟑𝒌
13. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by vectors 𝒂
̂.
𝒌

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Sol: Given 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ .

𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
Now, 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = |1 −1 −3|
2 −7 −1

𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖(1 − 21) − 𝑗(−1 + 6) + 𝑘(−7 + 2)

𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = −20𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂
Area of the parallelogram = |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗|
= √(−20)2 + (−5)2 + (−5)2 = √400 + 25 + 25 = √450 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
̂ and 𝐛 =
⃗ = 𝐢̂ − 𝐣̂ + 𝟑𝐤
14. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by the vectors 𝐚
̂.
𝟐𝐢̂ − 𝟕𝐣̂ + 𝐤
Sol: Given 𝑎 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑏⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
⃗
Now, 𝑎 × 𝑏 = |1 −1 3|
2 −7 1

𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖(−1 + 21) − 𝑗(1 − 6) + 𝑘(−7 + 2)

𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 20𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂
Area of the parallelogram = |𝑎 × 𝑏⃗| = √(20)2 + (5)2 + (−5)2 = √400 + 25 + 25 = √450 𝑠𝑞 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

QUESTION NUMBER –30 & 31

1. Assume that each child born in a family is equally likely to be a boy or girl. If a family has two children,
what is the conditional probability that both are girls, given that the youngest is a girl.
Sol: S={Bb,Bg,Gb,Gg}
Let E : youngest is a girl
∴ E= {Gb,Gg}
𝐹 : at least one is a girl and A : both are girls
∴ F= {Bg,Gb, Gg} A= { Gg } 𝐴 ∩ 𝐸={Gg}
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐸) 𝑛(𝐴∩𝐸) 1
∴P(A\E)= = =2
𝑃(𝐸) 𝑛(𝐸)

2. Three cards drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability
that first two cards are kings and third card drawn is ace.
Sol: We know that n(S)=52, n(K)=4,n(A)=4;
K= king, A=ace.
Required probability = P(KKA)=P(K).P(KA\K)
=P(K).P(K\K)P(A\KK)
[by multiplication theorem]
4 3 4 4 3 4 2
=52c1 × 51c1 × 50c1 = 52 × 51 × 50 =5525
c1 c1 c1
3. Two cards drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability
that both the cards are black.
Sol: Let E1 : first card drawn is black
E2 : second card drawn is black
Required probability= P(E1 and E2) = P(E1 ∩E2)
26 25c1 26 25 25
=P(E1).P(E2 /E1 )=52c1 × = 52 × =
c1 51c1 51 102

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4. A couple has two children. Find the probability that both children are boys if it is known that at least one
of the children is boy.
Sol: S={bb,bg,gb,gg}
Let E : both children are boys
∴ E= {bb}
𝐹 : at least one of them is boy
∴ F= {bg,gb, bb} ∴ n(F)=3
Now 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹={bb}⇒n(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)=1
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹) 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1
∴P(E\F)= 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝐹) = 3
5. A fair die is rolled. Consider the events. Find P(E\F).
Sol: S={1,2,3,4,5,6}
E={1,3,5},F={2,3} and 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹={3}
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹) 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1
∴P(E\F)= 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝐹) = 2
6. If A and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of at least one of A and B is
given by 1-P(Aʹ).P(Bʹ).
Sol: To prove P(A∪B)=1-P(Aʹ).P(Bʹ)
LHS= P(A∪B)=1-P((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ )
=1-P(Aʹ∩Bʹ)
=1-P(Aʹ).P(Bʹ)=RHS
∴ LHS=RHS

7. Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture. Find P(E\F) where E: son on one end ; F:
Father in middle.
Sol :S={ MFS, MSF, FMS, FSM, SMF, SFM }
E={ MFS, FMS, SMF, SFM },
F={ MFS, SFM },
E∩F = { MFS, SFM }
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹) 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 2
∴P(E\F)= 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝐹) =2 =1

8. A die is thrown. If E is the event ‘the number appearing is a multiple of 3’ and F be the event ‘the number
appearing is even’, then prove that E and F are independent events.
Sol: S={1,2,3,4,5,6}
E={3,6} ,F={2,4,6} and E∩ 𝐹={6}
1 1
P(E)=3 and P(F)=2
1
P(E∩ 𝐹)= 6 ….(1)
1 1 1
P(E)×P(F)= × = 6 ….(2)
3 2
From (1) and (2)
P(E∩ 𝐹)= P(E)×P(F)
∴ E and F are independent events.

𝟓 𝟐
9.If 2P(A) = P(B) =𝟏𝟑 and P(A\B) = 𝟓 then find P(A∪B).
5
Sol: Given :2P(A) = P(B) =13
5 5
⇒2P(A) =13 and P(B)= 13
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Now, P(A\B)= ⇒P(A∩B)=P(A\B).P(B)
𝑃(𝐵)
2 5 2
⇒P(A∩ 𝐵) =5 . 13 =13
∴ P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
5 5 2 5+10−4 11
= + - = ==
26 13 13 26 26

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 MANDAVYA INTEGRATED PU COLLEGE. MANDYA II PU MATHEMATICS

Prove that P(Aʹ\B) = 1- P(A\B).

P(Aʹ∩B) P(B)−P(A∩B)
P(Aʹ\B)= 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)
P(B) P(A∩B)
= 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐵)
∴P(Aʹ\B) = 1-P(A\B)
10. If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 then find P(A∪B).
Since A and B are independent
⇒P(A∩ 𝐵)=P(A).P(B)
P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
=P(A)+P(B)-P(A).P(B)
= 0.3+0.4-(0.3)(0.4)
= 0.3+0.4-0.12
= 0.7-0.12=0.58

𝟏 𝟑
11. A and B are an events such that P(A)= 𝟐 , P(A∪B)= 𝟓 and P(B) =q , then find q if A and B are independent.
Sol: Since A and B are independent
⇒P(A∩ 𝐵)=P(A).P(B)
∵P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A∩B)
=P(A)+P(B)-P(A).P(B)
3 1 1
⇒5 = 2 +q-(2)(q)
1 𝑞 1
⇒10 =2 ⇒q= 5

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