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COMPOSITES

The document provides an overview of composite materials, which are made from two or more constituent materials with different properties, aimed at improving strength, durability, and lightweight characteristics. It details various types of composites, including polymer, metal, ceramic, natural fiber, and carbon-carbon composites, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The applications of composites span multiple industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, and medical, highlighting their significance in modern engineering.

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7 views15 pages

COMPOSITES

The document provides an overview of composite materials, which are made from two or more constituent materials with different properties, aimed at improving strength, durability, and lightweight characteristics. It details various types of composites, including polymer, metal, ceramic, natural fiber, and carbon-carbon composites, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The applications of composites span multiple industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, and medical, highlighting their significance in modern engineering.

Uploaded by

s.perote.rajclifford
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPOSITES

GROUP 4

INIEGO, ANCHOVY D.
LADESMA, LOVELY A.
SIWALA, ANGELICA H.
TAPAÑERO, CATHY MAE P.
INTRODUCTION

Composite Materials
Materials made from two or more
constituent materials with
significantly different physical or
chemical properties.

Purpose
Designed to achieve improved
strength, durability, and
lightweight characteristics.
TYPES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

I. POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES (PMCS)


THESE COMPOSITES CONSIST OF A POLYMER (PLASTIC) MATRIX
REINFORCED WITH FIBERS LIKE GLASS, CARBON, OR KEVLAR.

EXAMPLES

• FIBERGLASS (GLASS FIBER • CARBON FIBER • KEVLAR REINFORCED


REINFORCED POLYMER - REINFORCED POLYMER
GFRP POLYMER (CFRP)
ADVANTAGES

• LIGHTWEIGHT – SIGNIFICANTLY LIGHTER THAN METALS.


• CORROSION-RESISTANT – DOES NOT RUST OR CORRODE.
• FLEXIBLE DESIGN – CAN BE MOLDED INTO COMPLEX SHAPES.
• GOOD STRENGTH-TO-WEIGHT RATIO – ESPECIALLY CFRP, WHICH IS STRONGER THAN STEEL BY
WEIGHT.
• ELECTRICAL INSULATION – SUITABLE FOR ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS.

DISADVANTAGES
• EXPENSIVE – CARBON FIBER AND KEVLAR COMPOSITES HAVE HIGH MANUFACTURING COSTS.
• DIFFICULT TO RECYCLE – NOT EASILY BIODEGRADABLE.
• BRITTLE FRACTURE – SOME PMCS, LIKE CFRP, FAIL SUDDENLY UNDER EXCESSIVE STRESS.
• UV DEGRADATION – CAN WEAKEN OVER TIME IF EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT.
II. METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES (MMCS)
THESE COMPOSITES USE A METAL MATRIX (E.G., ALUMINUM, TITANIUM, OR
MAGNESIUM) REINFORCED WITH CERAMIC OR METAL FIBERS.

EXAMPLES

• ALUMINUM MATRIX • TITANIUM MATRIX


COMPOSITES (AMC COMPOSITES (TMC)
ADVANTAGES

• HIGH STRENGTH & STIFFNESS – STRONGER THAN POLYMER COMPOSITES.


• GOOD HEAT RESISTANCE – CAN WITHSTAND HIGH TEMPERATURES.
• WEAR-RESISTANT – SUITABLE FOR HIGH-FRICTION ENVIRONMENTS.
• LIGHTWEIGHT COMPARED TO PURE METALS – ESPECIALLY ALUMINUM-BASED MMCS.

DISADVANTAGES

• HIGH COST – MORE EXPENSIVE THAN TRADITIONAL METALS.


• DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE – REQUIRES ADVANCED TECHNIQUES LIKE POWDER
METALLURGY.
• LIMITED DUCTILITY – CAN BE BRITTLE UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS.
• DIFFICULT TO REPAIR – DAMAGED PARTS OFTEN NEED FULL REPLACEMENT.
III. CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES (CMCS)

THESE COMPOSITES USE A CERAMIC MATRIX (E.G., SILICON CARBIDE OR


ALUMINA) REINFORCED WITH CERAMIC OR CARBON FIBERS.

EXAMPLES

• SILICON CARBIDE • ALUMINUM OXIDE


REINFORCED CERAMIC REINFORCED CERAMIC
ADVANTAGES

• EXTREMELY HIGH HEAT RESISTANCE – CAN WITHSTAND TEMPERATURES ABOVE 1,000°C.


• CORROSION & WEAR RESISTANCE – IDEAL FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS.
• LIGHTWEIGHT COMPARED TO METALS – REDUCES OVERALL WEIGHT IN APPLICATIONS LIKE
AEROSPACE.

DISADVANTAGES

• EXPENSIVE & COMPLEX MANUFACTURING – REQUIRES SPECIALIZED PROCESSING.


• BRITTLE – CAN CRACK OR FRACTURE UNDER HEAVY IMPACT.
• DIFFICULT TO MACHINE – HARD TO CUT, DRILL, OR SHAPE.
IV. NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES (BIO-
COMPOSITES)

THESE COMPOSITES USE NATURAL FIBERS LIKE FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, OR BAMBOO
IN A POLYMER OR RESIN MATRIX.

EXAMPLES

• HEMP-BASED
• FLAX FIBER
COMPOSITES
REINFORCED PLASTIC
ADVANTAGES

• ECO-FRIENDLY & SUSTAINABLE – USES RENEWABLE MATERIALS.


• LIGHTWEIGHT – LOWER DENSITY COMPARED TO SYNTHETIC FIBER COMPOSITES.
• GOOD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES – DECENT STRENGTH FOR NON-STRUCTURAL
APPLICATIONS.
• BIODEGRADABLE – REDUCES ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE.

DISADVANTAGES

• LOWER STRENGTH COMPARED TO SYNTHETIC COMPOSITES – NOT IDEAL FOR HEAVY LOADS.
• MOISTURE ABSORPTION – CAN DEGRADE IN HUMID CONDITIONS.
• LIMITED HEAT RESISTANCE – BREAKS DOWN AT HIGH TEMPERATURES.
V. CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES (C/C
COMPOSITES)

THESE ARE HIGH-PERFORMANCE CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED CARBON


MATRIX COMPOSITES, PRIMARILY USED IN EXTREME HEAT ENVIRONMENTS.

EXAMPLE

• CARBON FIBER
REINFORCED CARBON
(CFRC)
ADVANTAGES

• ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE – CAN WITHSTAND OVER 2,000°C.


• LIGHTWEIGHT YET STRONG – USED IN AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE.
• EXCELLENT THERMAL & ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY – USEFUL IN SPECIALIZED
APPLICATIONS.

DISADVANTAGES

• EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE – ONE OF THE COSTLIEST COMPOSITE MATERIALS.


• DIFFICULT TO MANUFACTURE – REQUIRES SPECIAL PROCESSING IN HIGH TEMPERATURES.
• LIMITED AVAILABILITY – USED ONLY IN HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES.
USES OF COMPOSITES

COMPOSITES ARE USED IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES DUE TO THEIR STRENGTH,


LIGHTWEIGHT NATURE, AND DURABILITY. SOME COMMON USES INCLUDE:

• AEROSPACE – LIGHTWEIGHT AND STRONG COMPOSITES USED IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES.


• AUTOMOTIVE – CARBON FIBER AND FIBERGLASS USED IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE
VEHICLES.
• CONSTRUCTION – CONCRETE, FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS (FRP) IN BRIDGES AND
BUILDINGS.
• SPORTS & RECREATION – TENNIS RACKETS, GOLF CLUBS, BICYCLES, AND HELMETS.
• MEDICAL – PROSTHETIC LIMBS AND DENTAL IMPLANTS.
• MARINE – FIBERGLASS BOATS, SURFBOARDS, AND SHIP HULLS.
CONLUSION

COMPOSITE MATERIALS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN MODERN ENGINEERING. THEIR BENEFITS


OUTWEIGH CHALLENGES, MAKING THEM IDEAL FOR VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. CONTINUOUS
ADVANCEMENTS PROMISE A MORE SUSTAINABLE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE FUTURE.
THANK YOU!

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