PMT

Mark Scheme

Summer 2018

Pearson Edexcel GCE Level 3

in Physics (9PH0)
Paper 01 Advanced Physics I
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Summer 2018
Publications Code 9PH0_01_1806_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018
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General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by
which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with
an alternative response.
 Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands of QWC,
are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and grammar are
accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
iii) orga
nise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate.

Summer 2018
Publications Code 9PH0_01_1806_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018
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Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle
The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should
be credited in every answer unless the MS has specified specific words
that must be present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g.
‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis e.g. ‘and’ when two pieces of
information are needed for 1 mark.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance
is increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not
accept gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 This does not apply in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question where the
units to be used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.3 The mark will not be awarded for the same missing or incorrect unit only once
within one clip in epen.
2.4 Occasionally, it may be decided not to insist on a unit e.g the candidate may be
calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not one that
should be known and is complex.
2.5 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error is to be applied by means of [no ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of too many significant figures in the theory questions will not be prevent a
mark being awarded if the answer given rounds to the answer in the MS.
3.2 Too few significant figures will mean that the final mark cannot be awarded in
‘show that’ questions where one more significant figure than the value in
the question is needed for the candidate to demonstrate the validity of
the given answer.
3.3 The use of one significant figure might be inappropriate in the context of the
question e.g. reading a value off a graph. If this is the case, there will be
a clear indication in the MS.
3.4 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will
mean that one mark will not be awarded. (but not more than once per
clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N kg-1
3.5 In questions assessing practical skills, a specific number of significant figures will
be required e.g. determining a constant from the gradient of a graph or
in uncertainty calculations. The MS will clearly identify the number of
significant figures required.

4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show
that’ question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks. then both marks will be available for
a reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
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4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g.
power of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or
implied by substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.

1. Quality of Written Communication

1.1 Indicated by QoWC in mark scheme. QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a
logical manner using technical wording where appropriate.
1.2 Usually it is part of a max mark, the final mark not being awarded unless the
QoWC condition has been satisfied.

2. Graphs
2.1 A mark given for axes requires both axes to be labelled with quantities and units,
and drawn the correct way round.
2.2 Sometimes a separate mark will be given for units or for each axis if the units are
complex. This will be indicated on the mark scheme.
2.3 A mark given for choosing a scale requires that the chosen scale allows all points to
be plotted, spreads plotted points over more than half of each axis and is not an
awkward scale e.g. multiples of 3, 7 etc.
2.4 Points should be plotted to within 1 mm.
 Check the two points furthest from the best line. If both OK award mark.
 If either is 2 mm out do not award mark.
 If both are 1 mm out do not award mark.
 If either is 1 mm out then check another two and award mark if both of these
OK, otherwise no mark.
For a line mark there must be a thin continuous line which is the best-fit line
for the candidate’s results.
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Question
Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number

1 The only correct answer is D 6A 1

A is not correct because as it is 2A + 1A

B is not correct because 2A +2A
C is not correct because 2A + 3A
2 The only correct answer is A decreases decreases 1

B is not correct because V decreases as I decreases

C is not correct because I decreases as R increases
D is not correct because I decreases as R increases
3 The only correct answer is C There is a resultant force acting on the object. 1

A is not correct because acceleration is 0 as v constant

B is not correct because there is a resistive force opposing weight
D is not correct because there is a weight
4 The only correct answer is B It increases because there is an increase in the number of 1
A is not correct because R decreases as more conduction electrons conduction electrons.
C is not correct because lattice vibrations not affected
D is not correct because lattice vibrations not affected
5 The only correct answer is C 1
I
A is not correct because it shows constant resistance
B is not correct because it shows decreasing resistance V
D is not correct because it shows an I independent of V
6 The only correct answer is A kg m s-1 1

B is not correct because these are base units of force

C is not correct because these are not base units
D is not correct because these are not base units
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7 The only correct answer is B F 1

A is not correct because this is a uniform field so F constant

C is not correct because this is a uniform field so F constant
D is not correct because this is a uniform field so F constant
8 The only correct answer is B 2.1 A 1

A is not correct because it is 3 divided by 2

C is not correct because it is 3 x root 2
D is not correct because it is 32
9 The only correct answer is B Cyclotron accelerated 1

A is not correct because a cyclotron uses a magnetic field

C is not correct because a LINAC uses an electric field
D is not correct because a LINAC does not use a magnetic field
10 The only correct answer is C p → n + β 1

A is not correct because lepton number is not conserved

B is not correct because charge conservation is not obeyed
D is not correct because charge conservation is not obeyed

(Total for Multiple Choice Questions = 10 marks)

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Question Acceptable answers Additional Guidance Mark

Number
11a l (1) Use of: any dimensionally correct substitutions eg using
 Use of R  a diameter squared
A
(1)
 Use of area formula with correct value of radius
Accept R=8.62 as due to rounding Area 3
(1) Example of calculation:
 R = 8.9 
R= 1.12 x 10-6 m x 1m / (0.2x10-3)2 m2

11bi (1) Alt to MP1: Current same through whole length of wire
 As resistance increases with length of wire and V=IR
2
 potential (difference) proportional to length of wire (1)

11bii Alternative method uses ratio of resistances.

 Use of ratio of lengths = ratio of potentials (1)
Example of calculation:
 Potential at P = 1.13 V
(1) 75.0 2
 1.50
100
 1.125V
11(c) Either Show that value gives 1.2 
 Calculates current correctly using I=V/R (1) Example of calculation:
 R = 1.10  (1) 1.125
 I  0.34 A
3.30
Or
0.375
 Use of ratios of lengths = ratios of resistances (1) R   1.1
 R = 1.10  0.34
 (1) 2
Or Or
 Use ratio of resistances = ratio of p.d.s (1) R 25
 R = 1.10  
(1) 3 . 30 75
(Total for Question 11 = 9 marks)

Question Acceptable Answers Additional Guidance Mark

Number
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*12 6
This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and
IC IC mark Max Max
logically structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained
reasoning.
points linkage final
mark mark
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer available
is structured and shows lines of reasoning. 6 4 2 6
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for 5 3 2 5
indicative content.
4 3 1 4
3 2 1 3
2 2 0 2
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0

Indicative content:
 (Maximum/Initial) current is equal to battery emf divided by R
Or current as switch closed
Or current as complete circuit
Or current due to battery
 Coil rotates
 (movement of) coil “cuts/changes” (magnetic) flux (linkage) / field
 Which induces an emf (according to Faraday’s law)
 Opposes original emf/current according to Lenz’s law
Or current reduced as effect opposes change
 The faster the coil rotates the larger this (back) emf/effect the smaller
the current ic3 needs a link to coil moving
ic4 depends on ic3

(Total for question 12 = 6 Marks)

Question Acceptable answers Additional guidance Mark
Number
13 (a)  Take a correct moment about pivot P (1) eg T.6.cos20 or sin70 4
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 Converts the mass to weight of beam ie ×9.81 seen (1) If cos20’s are absent from both sides of equation
then can still credit 4 marks
 Appreciates centre of mass 0.5 m from P (1) Example of Calculation:
T  6(m)  cos 20  3.05  10 4 (kg)  9.81(ms -2 )  0.5(m)
 T = 25 kN (1)
 cos 20
T  24.9kN

13 (b)  Use of Egrav= mgh (1) (allow reverse argument starting with 10% efficiency for 5
full credit)
 convert for a unit time, e.g. day or second ie W (1) Example of calculation:
E grav  2500  9.81  12
 Calculation of energy input provided by coal in unit time (1)
E grav  294 kJ per minute

 Use of Efficiency = energy output/energy input (1) E grav  294 kJ  60  24

Or in terms of power E grav  424 MJ per day
(1) energy input = 1250  22.3 MJ
 Efficiency = 1.5 % so not correct
Efficiency = 424 MJ/ 27900 MJ
= 1.5%

(Total for Question 13 = 9 marks)

Question Acceptable Answers Additional Guidance Mark

Number
14 (a)  Attempts to find area under graph (1) Range for base of triangle between 1.8 and 2s to recognise
area 2
Example of calculation:
 Height = 19 m (1) Area = 1  1.9s  20ms 1
2
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= 19 m
Alternative:
 Use equations of motion to Height = 19 m (2)

14 (b)  Positive value of acceleration for first 0.2 s (1)


Constant at 100 m s-2 (1)

 Negative value of acceleration up to 4 s (1)

5
 -2
Initially at -12 m s (value between -10 and -15 on graph) (1)

 Negative value reducing in magnitude in last 1.0 s to 2.0 s (can (1)

be a step change)

(Total for Question 14 = 7 marks)

Question Acceptable Answers Additional guidance Mark

Number
15a  fundamental – quarks and leptons (1)

 Baryons made of 3 q (1) MP2 and 3 could be given for a named particle and its quark
composition
 Mesons made of quark and antiquark (1) 5
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 6 quark Or 6 leptons (1) Can be inferred if either set named

 Each particle has an antiparticle (1)

15b 
(1) Example of calculation: 3
Use of ΔE = Δmc2 E  2.2  10 25 kg  (3.0  10 8 ) 2 (ms -1 ) 2
(1)
 Conversion of J to eV E  1.98  10 8 J

mass = 120 GeV/c2 (1) E  1.98  10 -8 J  1.6  10 -19 JeV -1
E  124  10 9 eV

15c(i) Alternative based on numerical values: 3

 Energy (of protons) converted to mass (of Higgs) (1) Observation that Higgs mass is 120 GeV/c2
Or Energy is required to overcome electrostatic This requires an energy of at least 120 GeV
repulsion between protons Each beam of protons would need an energy of at least 60 GeV

 Reference to E = mc2 (can be written in any form) (1)

 Because c2 is very large (E must be large)

Or Higgs particle is massive so needs a lot of energy to (1)
create it
15c(ii)  Use of circumference = 2r (1) Example of calculation: 3
r  27000  2π
 Use of p  Bqr (1) r  4300 m

(1) p  8.3T  1.6  10-19 C  4300m

 p = 5.7  10-15
Ns p  5.7  1015 Ns

Question Acceptable Answers Additional guidance Mark

Number
15ciii 0 (1) zero 1
15d  High speeds (1) Alt: speeds close to speed of light 2
Or relativistic
 Mass (of proton) increases
 Or this equation is only valid at non-relativistic (1)
speeds
(Total for Question 15 = 17 marks)
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Question Acceptable Answers Additional guidance Mark

number
16a (1) Ignore dotted lines
 At least 4 radial lines
(1)
 arrow pointing outwards
3
 straight, symmetrical and equally distributed (1)
16b (1) Example of calculation:
 tangent at correct point
(1) Gradient = 3200000 / 0.6
 triangle with base at least 0.4 m

 5.3  106 (Vm-1) (range 4.9  106 to 6.1  106) (1) E = 5.3  106 V m-1
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 So would ionise as value greater than 3  106 (1) MP4 to be consistent with calculated value 4
Alternative:
 Correct value of V at 30 cm (1) V = 1.6 106 V m-1

 Use of and (1)

 5.3  106 (Vm-1) (1)

 So would ionise as value greater than 3  106 (1)

16c Maximum 3 marks

 There cannot be a p.d. across his body (1)

 Electric field strength inside cage is zero (1) Accept reference to Faraday cage for MP2

 As no potential gradient (1) 3max

 Current/electrons/charge would conduct through suit (1)

Or the current would not pass through body

(Total for Question 16 = 10 marks)

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Question Acceptable Answers Additional Guidance Mark

mark
17a  vector velocities at two positions as part of a Example of diagram
triangle and third side identified as v (1) v
 v
-v
 Acceleration a = v/t (i) (1)
 Use of trigonometry: v/v  sin   for small Ignore arrow directions
angles (ii) (1)
 Use of v = rt (iii) (1) Combine (i) and (ii) a = vt
v vt
Substitute for using (iii) a =  then “t”s cancel
 Combine i, ii, iii to final equation t r
(1)
5
OR
Allow other fully correct methods
 Diagram shows components of v with angle
(1)
turned through
(1)
 Acceleration = 2vsint
 Use of trigonometry: v/v  sin   for small (1)
angles
 t = rv and 2s cancel (1)
 Simplify to final equation (1)
17b(i) Example of calculation
 Correct conversion to angle in radians (1) 2
= 50  2/ 60 s
 = 5.2 (rads-1 ) (1) = 5.24 rads-1
17b(ii)

Reference to F = mr2 (1)
2
 appreciation that r is large (1)
Alt: mass (of equipment) could be large
Or (the equipment) has a high (linear) velocity
17b(iii) 
use of r (1) Show that value gives 22.5g
 Allow reverse argument starting with  2
 a = 25g and appropriate comment (1) 25g to 5.28 rads-1
Example of calculation
a = 8.8 (m) x 5.242 (rads-1)2
a = 238 (ms-2) 9.81 (ms-2)
= 24.6 g
(Total for Question 17 = 11 marks)
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Question Acceptable Answers Additional guidance Mark

Marks
18a Marks can be gained by discussing either set of balls 3
 Magnet accelerates ball (1)
Or magnet increases ball’s KE

 Momentum is conserved in the collision(s) (1)

 (Since collisions are elastic) KE conserved so third ball

moves off with the same velocity/KE as incoming ball hit (1)
magnet with

18bi  Use of W  1 CV 2 (1) Example of calculation 2

2 1
(1) W  40μF  (1.5 V) 2
 W= 45 J 2
W = 45 J
Alt:
Use Q = CV then E = QV/2 for MP1
18bii  Use of V  V o e  t / RC (1) Example of calculation 2
t / 500040106
 Time = 0.14 (s) 0.5  e
(1)
ln 0.5  t / 0.2
t  0.14s
18biii Show that value gives 5.0 ms-1 2
 Use of speed = d/t (1) Example of calculation
 Speed = 3.6 ms-1 (1) v  0 .5 m / 0 .14 s
= 3.6 ms-1
Allow ecf from ii
18biv at 2 (1) Show that value gives 0.049 m 2
 use of s  Example of calculation
2
 s = 9 cm
(1) . .
+ comment that foil is not broken at its centre (comment = 0.094 m
consistent with calculation)
Allow ecf from ii
(Total for Question 18 = 11 marks)
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