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Lab 3

The experiment aimed to determine the enthalpy change when 1 mole of ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, revealing an endothermic process with a calculated enthalpy change of −22.88 kJ/mol. The procedure involved measuring temperature changes before and after dissolving ammonium nitrate in water, with results showing a temperature drop from 30°C to 20°C. Limitations included potential heat loss to the surroundings, affecting accuracy, but the findings are applicable in real-life scenarios such as instant cold packs.

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8 views3 pages

Lab 3

The experiment aimed to determine the enthalpy change when 1 mole of ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, revealing an endothermic process with a calculated enthalpy change of −22.88 kJ/mol. The procedure involved measuring temperature changes before and after dissolving ammonium nitrate in water, with results showing a temperature drop from 30°C to 20°C. Limitations included potential heat loss to the surroundings, affecting accuracy, but the findings are applicable in real-life scenarios such as instant cold packs.

Uploaded by

kelsy godoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME:

LAB NUMBER: 20

DATE:

TITLE: Energetics

PURPOSE: To determine the enthalpy change when 1 mole of ammonium nitrate dissolves in
water.

MATERIALS:
Styrofoam cup
thermometer
spatula
balance
beaker
Water
Ammonium nitrate crystals

PROCEDURE:
1. Measure 50 cm3 of water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a Styrofoam cup.
2. Note and record the initial temperature, θ1.
3. Weigh 8.0 g of ammonium nitrate.
4. Add the ammonium nitrate crystals all at once, stir to dissolve them.
5. Record the lowest temperature attained by the solution, θ2.
6. Calculate the change in temperature: Δθ=θ2 - θ1.
7. Determine the heat change of 8 g of ammonium nitrate dissolved in 50 cm3 of water.

OBSERVATIONS/RESULTS:

Initial Temperature, θ1 Final Temperature, θ2 Change in Temperature, Δθ


(℃) (℃) (℃)
30 20 10

*Include energy profile diagram

CALCULATIONS:
Change in temperature
Δθ=θ2 - θ1.= 20-30= -10

Mass
M= d x v = 1g/cm3×54.65cm3=54.65g
Heat change-
Q= m x c x Δθ
54.65g×4.18J/g°C×(−10°C)= −2287.67J/1000= 2.28767KJ

Moles
80.04g/mol8.0g= 0.1mol

Enthalpy change
ΔH= −2.28767KJ/0.1mol =−22.88kJ/mol

DISCUSSION:

The experiment showed that the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic
process, as evidenced by the temperature drop from 30°C to 20°C. This indicates that the system
absorbed heat from the surroundings. The calculated enthalpy change of −22.88 kJ/mol supports
this, confirming that heat was absorbed.

LIMITATION/PRECAUTION/SOURCE OF ERROR:

 A limitation is that some heat may have been lost to the surroundings due to the nature of
the Styrofoam cup and the open system, affecting the accuracy of the temperature change.

REFLECTION:

This experiment demonstrated the enthalpy change associated with an endothermic process. A
real-life scenario where this experiment is useful is in instant cold packs used in first aid. When
activated, the dissolution of ammonium nitrate absorbs heat, creating a cooling effect that helps
reduce swelling and pain in injuries like sprains or strains.

CONCLUSION:

The enthalpy change for the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is calculated to be −22.88
kJ/mol, indicating that the dissolution process is endothermic, as it absorbs heat from the
surroundings.

No M/M Max. Stud.


Energetics Score Score
1 Ammonium nitrate accurately weighed 2
2 Measuring cylinder read flat on table top, at eye level. 2
3 Thermometer bulb submerged and not touching the side or top 2
of the cup.
4 Thermometer read at eye level; scale interpreted accurately. 2
5 Minimum temperature recorded while stirring to dissolve. 2
Total Marks 10
CXC Mark 10
Teacher: R. Banner

No. A/I Max. Stud.


Energetics Score Score

1. Temperature difference determined. 2


2. Mass of solution determined from d=m/v 0.05 kg 2
3. Mass of ammonium nitrate converted to moles of ammonium 2
nitrate 0.1 mole
4. Enthalpy change caused by 0.1 mole ammonium nitrate 2
determined.
5. Hence enthalpy change of solution/ mole determined. 2
6. Reaction determined to be endothermic from +ve ΔH 2
7. Energy level diagram showing reactants with less energy than 3
products and heat change.
Total marks 15
CXC Mark 10
Teacher: R. Banner

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