NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

Open Book Examination

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Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 1 of 10

Task 1: Health and safety leadership

1
Lack of commitment to Health and safety: The Owner considering health and safety
concerns as an unimportant , owner also prioritizing customer facing areas as important
rather worker welfare, Example : Owner ignores the request of worker B for
improvements in the warehouse.

Inadequate Resource Allocation: More resources were allocated towards customer facing
areas and insufficient funds were allocated in training and safety equipment.

Outdated policies and Risk assessments: Policies is of five years old and risk
assessments are meant to be update, It also seems when asking for the documents,
owner retrieves these documents from a locked cabinet which shows they are actively
used or reviewed for work place safety.

Poor communication and engagement: Owners leadership style is rude somehow and it
discourages the workers to feel freely to communicate and share the problems and also
owners previously threatened job security to worker B which shows the fear to talk.

Failure to provide training: Worker B has no prior experience of using MEWP, But still
asked to do work, also reliance on Worker C prior experience as well without verifying or
providing refresher training to them.

Neglect of first aid and emergency preparedness: There was no any kind of emergency
equipment or any first aid box. Which also make the situation worse and make more
critical when worker C were injured?

Unsafe work practices: The owner insisted to the workers to prepare 6.1 meter wall.
Scissor lift was rusted; there were no harness available, creating unnecessary risks.

Blaming Workers for accidents: When worker C was fall, Rather provide training and take
responsibilities the owner puts all the blame to the working workers instead.

Pressure and Unrealistic Expectations: The owner puts pressure on employees to for
overtime work, like preparing the wall into their regular schedules without giving them
more time or resources. This makes mistakes more likely and causes more stress among
workers.

Neglect the welfare of your employees: The owner disregards Worker C pain and
discomfort, demonstrating a lack of compassion and putting task completion ahead of
worker welfare.

Neglecting to Gain Knowledge from Close Calls: The owner takes a reactive rather than a
proactive approach to health and safety by failing to look into or take corrective action in
the face of an increase in near misses and accidents in the warehouse.

Culture of Fear Regarding Reporting Issues: Workers were feel discomfort to share or
report any concerns related incidents because of the fear to retaliation or they being get
blamed from the owner.

Failure to Address Stress Factors: Owner insisted workers to complete their tasks in a
hurry and in a hot weather conditions so , their also workers were tensed but they fear to
share their stress factor to the owner because of the job threat.

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 2 of 10

Task 2: Health and safety morals

2
Failure to prioritize worker safety: Owner placed business interests on first priority and
neglects the concerns of worker safety and let them use unsafe equipment’s and wanted
them to complete tasks timely without proper training, Example: scissor lift was rusted.

Lack of Empathy for injured workers: Worker C was visibly distressed and injured clearly
but the owner dismissed their concerns and blamed them for the accidents.

Ignoring the need for adequate resources: Owner prioritizing to the renovation of main
building rather focusing on genuine concerns of the system, such as safety harnesses
and first aid equipment’s and trainings etc.

Disregard for workplace safety and standards: Workers were forced to perform
hazardous tasks without any proper training that should have been providing to them
before doing those critical tasks such as working at height near a busy road.

Blaming workers for systematic failures: The owner put all the blames of accidents on the
workers as the workers negligence and ignores their own issues by putting all blames on
the working workers.

Pressure and unrealistic expectations: Owner imposes unnecessary demands on worker

B, put pressure on them to do time sensitive task by ignoring his own workload
management issues.

Lack of Accountability for Accidents: After the accident, the owner blamed Worker C for
negligence rather than examining the systemic problems that contributed to the fall,
reflecting a failure to take moral responsibility for workplace safety.

Neglecting psychological safety: Owners dismissive attitude and job threats to the
workers created a culture of fear that discourages workers to raise safety concerns.

Failure to act on warning signs: Instead of clearly seeing the signs of warning and near
misses the owner take it as for granted and did not investigate accordingly which shows
the disregard for the wellbeing of their workers.

Task 3: Emergency arrangements

3
Absence of First aid on shift: At the time of incident there was no any kind of first aid box
facility for worker C that assists him. This lack of absence of first aid facility to any
organisation is not acceptable.

Lack of training in emergency response: Worker B was not trained well to know how to
handle such emergencies such as responding to injuries and contacting emergency
teams for services that leads to delay in searching of a better medical care for worker C.

No clear emergency protocol: There were no any clear instructions have been providing
to tackle those emergency situations; no proper protocols and instructions were delivered
to the peer fellows and team.

Inadequate communication during emergencies: The conversation between owner and

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 3 of 10

the worker B did provide any clarity and it highlights a poor communication about what
should they need to do in this emergency condition.

Delay in seeking medical attention: Worker C was visibly distressed and injured did not
sent to the hospital for a better and quick recovery instead , Worker B take all the matter
in their own hand and they start taking care of him and did not call any emergency team
to take care of him professionally.

No reporting or Documentation of the incident: Owner did not do any reporting of this
incident happened with worker C shows the lack of seriousness to control these types of
incidents for future.

Inappropriate delegation of emergency responsibilities: Instead of guaranteed the safety

of worker C with all the workers working in a place , owner delegated the task of
retrieving the equipment and wanted to complete the task from another warehouse
worker and did not care about the physical and emotional health of workers.

Task 4: Possible uninsured costs incurred from the accident

4
Loss of productivity: Worker C is on recovery so it takes time , Workforce capacity were
low at the time of incident , Worker B involvement in taking worker C to the hospital.

Overtime payments: Other workers may need or demand as it is their right for overtime
incentives to compensate worker C absence and the time also includes in which Worker
B was not there.

Recruitments and training costs: if worker c injury is prolonged then there should a hiring
of another worker in place of worker C.

Damage to reputation: The incident happened near busy road can harm the reputation
kitchen crafts in the public and customers.

Legal investigation and compliance costs: Regulatory authorities such as health and
safety inspectors may investigate this incident and the organisation will help them to
investigate by providing time and resources.

Staff morale and retention issues: The lack of concern on incident issue from the owner
can cause further damage to the organisation as the workers would likely to feel
discomfort and may resign from the organisation so organisation would have to recruit
workers in response.

Equipment downtime repairs: So there are dependencies on the tasks from the previous
task as the task is delay by any means or any cause it will also affects the other
dependent tasks.

Administrative and Incident Investigation Costs: Internal resources will need to be

investigating to keep the organisation safe from others costs.

Wages for Other Workers: After the accident, other warehouse workers might need to
take time off or change their tasks to help, which can lead to extra wage costs that aren’t
covered by insurance.

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 4 of 10

Overtime Costs: To compensate for the lost productivity while Worker C is absent,
Kitchen Craft might need to pay overtime to other employees, which would lead to higher
labour costs.
Supervisory Time Costs: The owner and supervisors may have to spend a lot of time
handling the situation after the accident, such as investigating what happened and
making sure safety rules are followed. This takes away from their normal work and
reduces overall productivity.

Task 5: Identification of job factors

5
Poorly maintained equipment: Equipment was not present in a better way such as scissor
lift was rusted with worn and illegible control markings, the gate clasp were failed during
the work. These factors are directly involved to the worker C fall.

Lack of safety equipment: No safety protocols such as harnesses were available to

secure the workers inside to the scissor lift, This shows the lack of the PPE and it results
to the injury of Worker C.

Inadequate training: The task that has been assigned to Worker B, worker B had no prior
experience on it, no experience with MEWP. Worker C also have no experience with
MEWP, workers were unfamiliar with the models that brings difficulty for them to operate
such equipment.

Unrealistic deadlines and workload: The owner was too rushed get quick work from their
workers without knowing the pros and cons/after effects of the work. As the owner also
imposed the deadline of two days for completion of the tasks, that rushed led to fatigue
and hence safety were compromised.

Extreme environmental conditions: The task that has been assigned was unfavourable to
the weather as there was too hot weather conditions causing discomfort for workers, and
worker C did request for water while working as operating the scissor lift that distraction
plays a role for unsafe behaviour.

Poor worksite conditions: The conditions around the workplace were not good and
unsafe for work. Such as a loose paving stones make worker B to trip, That tripping of
Worker B somehow indirectly led worker C not reaching to their to catch the thrown water
bottle causing the accidents.

Inadequate leadership and safety oversight: The owner dismissed the request of worker
for suggestions for better safety measures and equipment. Owner avoids and dismissed
all the concerns related updating the safety measures also owner adopt the cost saving
approach.

Lack of updated risk assessments policies: The health and safety and policies and risk
assessments were outdated and inaccessible as it was locked in a place. Workers are
unaware of the risks and the policies that must have been delivered to them.

Task 6: Recognising accident investigation failings

6 (a)
Prevent further risk to workers and public: Must ensure for the better recovery of worker
C, rather than send him back to work, immediate control measures should be taken and

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 5 of 10

stop work at accident site to avoid more damage.

Preserve the scene for investigation: The equipment that are involved in an accident
should remain untouched for further investigation, take photographs or videos for
evidence, such as the loose paving stone.

Notify relevant parties: immediate action should be taken to investigate of the incident,
notify the parties or authorities or an health safety professionals to investigate the
accident this would make a corrective actions should be taken, inform all the workers and
staff about the accident and tell them to avoid the area of affected area.

6 (b)
Loss of physical evidence: When the investigation starts, the scene of the investigation of
an accident will no longer be intact as the contractor did already installed the new sign,
critical evidences such as ; scissor lift, the loose paving stone , layout of the site.

Degradation of equipment for analysis: The scissor lift that have been involved as an
equipment in an accident must have been removed or even have to be repaired , this will
give us more clear details and information about the accident.

Incomplete witness accounts: workers sometimes are unclear to recall what’s happened
on the incident they might are less accurate and have fade memory to provide accurate
witness statement. Worker C also feels distress and injured.

Missed opportunity to observe environmental factors: Sometime a noisy environment

around the incident may lead to do imperfection investigation, environment conditions at
the time of incident were hot weather , these things make it hard to access the factors
involved in the incident.

Task 7: Technical and administrative control measures

7 (a)
Adequate equipment maintenance and inspection: Multiple inspections should be in take
place for better and safer environment for future work, the scissor lift should be
inspected, maintained and repaired to make it sure that it is now safer to use, rust, worn
control markings and a gate clasp should have be notified and rectified. Regular task
and pre-task checks should be conducted.

Provision of proper fall protection: A proper use of harnesses and lanyards will prevent
falls .use all the measures to protect from a hazardous situation.

Selection of suitable access equipment: The proper measurement of the scissor lift for
the work should have been accessed and determine the suitability and measure the
suitable height of the wall for it. Example; (6.1 meters).

Addressing ground level hazards: hazards such as loose paving stones should have
been notified and repaired and maintained timely to rescue from further hazards. That
also prevent from the activity such as worker B tripping while throwing the bottle to
worker C.

Environmental controls: Environmental conditions such as hot weather, rain, etc., should
be preventing by implemented a proper shade around there, make sure to provide
enough break between task and ensuring hydration for workers.

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 6 of 10

Adequate lighting and visibility: Make sure to put barriers and warning signs on site at the
time of task so this would alert the public to alert.

7 (b)
Risk assessments: Risk assessments are crucial and productive before doing any task. It
will access the hazards, equipment conditions, risks, fall risks, traffic hazards, and the
environmental hazards such as rain forecast, heat, storms etc.

Updated health and safety policy: Develop clear outlines and develop a perfect policy in
which all stakeholders would become agree and they will follow it. Written with clear
responsibilities and procedures for all workers, provide it with clear communication.

Worker training and competency checks: Train all the workers before deliver any task to
them; give them refresher training about use of equipment, such as scissor lift, fall
protection, working at height experience and training, manual handling.

Task specific planning: To avoid hazards and from rushed do scheduling and allocation
of time and use of resources effectively, those who are trained and experienced ensure
to give them a clear line of responsibility to them.

Equipment management: Make sure to evaluate the equipment by inspecting and

through maintenance program, make sure to do inspection before using any equipment
for work.

Environmental monitoring: Go through with the forecast and monitoring tools to check the
environmental factors in site. Identify risk by monitoring it, such as weather conditions as
well as traffic.

Site safety and traffic management: Implement a proper barriers and warning signs, to
protect workers.

Incident reporting and investigation procedures: All near misses and accidents should
document, also encourages workers to share without any fear.

Adequate supervision: Appoint accountable supervisor to check task and ensure

compliance with safety procedures, this would help workers to know the hazards in real
time under the supervision of supervisor.

Clear communication channel: Provide an environment to the workers where

communication would be strong between all the stakeholders such as owner should listen
and respect the concerns of the workers and worker should also follow the guidelines of
the owner and the supervisor.

First aid provision: Make sure to provide all basic first aid facilities to the workers on site.
This would cause immediate response in case of an any accident.

Promote a positive safety culture: Develop a culture where health and safety protocols
are more important rather cost or time saving measures.

Task 8: Health and safety auditing, and active monitoring

8 (a)
Identifying and addressing existing issues: conduct audits that would help to identify

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 7 of 10

hazards in health and safety practices, such as poorly maintained equipment, untrained
workers. Etc.

Reducing costs from accidents: By preventing and implementing a strong control

measures to avoid accidents it would then help to reduce cost from medical expenses,
claims, as also worker C was unavailable at the time from injury to the time it become
recover. That affects workflow in a warehouse.

Compliance with Legal Requirements: Audit ensures that kitchen craft is complying with a
proper relevant health and safety laws. That could avoid further fines, legal actions or any
reputational damage.

Improved productivity and efficiency: Environment creates a major role on workplace;

safer environment would promote better morale and safety among workers.

Cost saving: Identifying risk from audits make avoid any additional on any additional
risks, reducing workers' compensation claims, and lowering insurance premiums, which
is crucial for maintaining profitability.

Enhanced Organizational Reputation: A strong safety record through regular audits will
enhance Kitchen Craft reputation among customers and consumers, potentially
increasing business opportunities and customer loyalty.

Continuous Improvement Culture: By implementing the regular audits, a culture of

continuous improvement in health and safety practices at Kitchen Craft, encouraging
workers to actively participate in maintaining a safe workplace.

Emergency Preparedness Assessment: Audits can help to review existing emergency

preparedness measures at Kitchen Craft, ensuring employees are properly trained and
equipped to respond effectively to incidents.

Feedback Mechanism for Employees: Audits also provide a structured opportunity for
employees to voice their concerns about safety practices and conditions, promoting open
communication between management and staff regarding health and safety issues.

Highlighting Successful Practices: Audits not only identify areas for improvement but also
identify departments or individuals who are effectively following safety protocols. This
recognition can motivate employees to maintain high standards of safety.

8 (b)
Near Miss Reporting: By addressing the near misses from the workers this would help to
provide valuable insights before any accidents. This proactive approach allows Kitchen
craft to identify and address unsafe conditions, such as the loose paving stone that
contributed to Worker B trip.

Training Completion Rates: By Monitoring the percentage of employees completing

health and safety training ensures that all workers are equipped with the knowledge
necessary to operate equipment safely. This is especially important because Worker B
and Worker C lack scissor lift training.

Frequency of Safety Meetings: Regular safety meetings should be scheduled to discuss

ongoing safety concerns and reinforce safety protocols. Tracking attendance and
engagement during these meetings can help foster a culture of safety awareness among
employees.

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 8 of 10

Safety Audits and Inspections: Regular safety audits and inspections of warehouse and
equipment can identify hazards before they lead to incidents. Regular checks on
equipment such as scissor lifts ensure that it is properly maintained, which prevents
accidents related to equipment malfunction.

Behaviour Based Safety Observations: Develop and then Implementing a system to

observe and record unsafe behaviours can help identify trends in worker actions that may
lead to accidents. This can encourage a culture of accountability where employees feel
responsible for their own safety and that of their colleagues.

Task 9: Health and safety culture

9
Normalization of Unsafe Practices: The hierarchy were informal in the warehouse that
has been led By worker B may have normalised unsafe practices, such as not using
proper safety mechanisms on the scissor lift.

Fear of Speaking Up: Workers may feel tense or in fear by their colleagues, especially
those with more experience, which may lead them to avoid raising safety concerns or
asking questions about unsafe conditions, as in Worker C case. Absence of protective
equipment is viewed with reluctance to challenge.

Pressure to Conform: The desire for social acceptance can lead workers to ignore safety
protocols to fit in with their peers, which may have influenced Worker C decision to
operate a scissor lift without proper safety measures.

Disregard for Training: if experienced workers dismiss the need for training or doubt the
importance of safety rules, it can send the wrong message to others. This might lead to
people ignoring important safety practices.

Reinforcement of Risky Behaviours: Workers are meant to be influenced by their peers,

so if they see others taking shortcuts or ignoring safety rules, they may start to think
those risky behaviours are good to go with. This can create a work culture where unsafe
actions become normal.

Lack of Accountability: Informal relationships among workers can make it harder to

enforce safety rules. Workers might avoid holding each other accountable for unsafe
actions, leading to a lack of responsibility for following safety protocols.

Resistance to Change: Experienced workers might resist new safety measures or

changes if they see them as unnecessary or too strict. This can stop the safety culture
from improving and adapting to new risks.

Peer Pressure to Work Faster: Workers might feel unspoken pressure from their peers to
work quickly instead of safely during tasks like wall preparation. This can push them to
take unnecessary risks to meet those expectations.

Lack of Support for New Workers: New employees might find it difficult to follow safety
rules if they did not get any support from experienced workers. This can be even worse if
experienced workers dismiss training or ignore safety guidelines.

Increased Anxiety Among Workers: Those Workers who want to follow safety rules may
feel anxious if their peers pressure them to ignore safety practices. They may feel them a
nervous and hard to choose between doing what's right and fitting in with their

Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 9 of 10

colleagues.

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Documents and sources Ig1 book published by RRC International

of information you used
in your examination health Safety Executive website

Class notes

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1-0045-ENG-OBE-V1 Dec24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 10 of 10