Chapter IV: Fractions Part 1

Lesson 1: Fraction and Its Kinds

What is a Fraction?

A fraction represents a part of a whole. It is written as two numbers separated by a

slash (/) or a horizontal line. The top number is called the numerator (how many parts
you have), and the bottom number is called the denominator (how many equal parts
the whole is divided into).
2 numerat
4
or
denominator
1. Proper Fractions
A proper fraction is a fraction where the numerator (top number) is less than the
denominator (bottom number).

 Example: 1/2, 3/4, 5/8, 2/3, 4/5

Answer:

 1/2 (numerator is less than denominator)

 3/4 (numerator is less than denominator)

 5/8 (numerator is less than denominator)

2. Improper Fractions
An improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator is equal to or greater than the
denominator.

 Example: 5/3, 7/6, 9/8, 4/4, 8/5 4

2
Answer:

 5/3 (numerator is greater than denominator)

 7/6 (numerator is greater than denominator)

 9/8 (numerator is greater than denominator)

3. Mixed Numbers
A mixed number is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction. It is
written as a whole number followed by a fraction.
  Example: 1 1/2, 3 2/3, 4 1/4, 2 3/5, 5 4/7

Answer:
2
 1 1/2 (one whole and one-half) 3 4

 3 2/3 (three wholes and two-thirds)

 4 1/4 (four wholes and one-fourth)

4. Similar Fractions
Similar fractions are fractions that have the same denominator. It is easy to compare
or add them because the denominator is the same.

 Example: 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 2/5 3 1

4 4
Answer:

 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 (same denominator, 4)

 2/5 (same denominator with other examples)

5. Dissimilar Fractions
Dissimilar fractions are fractions that have different denominators. It is harder to
compare or add them unless we make the denominators the same.

 Example: 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 2/7, 3/8 3 1

4 2
Answer:

 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 2/7, 3/8 (different denominators)

6. Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions are fractions that may look different but represent the
same value. You can find equivalent fractions by multiplying or dividing both
the numerator and denominator by the same number.

 Example: 1/2 = 2/4, 3/6 = 1/2, 4/8 = 1/2, 2/3 = 4/6, 3/4 = 6/8

Answer:
  1/2 = 2/4 (both equal halves)

 3/6 = 1/2 (both equal halves)

 4/8 = 1/2 (both equal halves)

Recap of the Types of Fractions:

1. Proper Fraction: The numerator is smaller than the denominator (e.g., 3/4).

2. Improper Fraction: The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator

(e.g., 5/3).

3. Mixed Number: A whole number and a fraction together (e.g., 1 1/2).

4. Similar Fractions: Fractions with the same denominator (e.g., 2/5, 3/5).

5. Dissimilar Fractions: Fractions with different denominators (e.g., 1/2, 2/3).

6. Equivalent Fractions: Fractions that are different but represent the same value
(e.g., 2/4 = 1/2).

Practice Questions:

1. Which of these is a proper fraction?

a) 3/2 b) 2/3 c) 5/4

2. Which of these is a mixed number?

a) 7/9 b) 2 ¼ c) 4/6

3. Identify the improper fraction.

a) 3/5 b) 7/4 c) 2/3

4. Which of these are dissimilar fractions?

a) 1/4 and 2/4 b) 1/2 and 2/3 c) 3/5 and 4/5

5. What is an equivalent fraction for 2/3?

a) 4/6 b) 3/5 c) 5/7

Lesson 2: Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers and

Vice-Versa
Review:

What is an Improper Fraction?

An improper fraction is a fraction where the numerator (top number) is greater than or equal
to the denominator (bottom number).

 Example: 7/3, 9/4, 5/2, 8/5, 10/3

What is a Mixed Number?

A mixed number is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction.

 Example: 2 1/2, 3 3/4, 1 2/3, 4 1/5, 5 2/7

Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers

To change an improper fraction into a mixed number, follow these steps:

1. Divide the numerator by the denominator.

2. The whole number is the result of the division (how many times the denominator fits
into the numerator).

3. The remainder is the new numerator of the fraction, and the denominator stays the
same.

Example 1: Changing 7/3 to a Mixed Number

1. Divide 7 by 3.

o 7 ÷ 3 = 2 (whole number) with a remainder of 1.

2. The whole number is 2.

3. The remainder is 1, and the denominator stays 3, so the fraction is 1/3.

4. The mixed number is 2 1/3.

Answer: 7/3 = 2 1/3

Example 2: Changing 9/4 to a Mixed Number

1. Divide 9 by 4.

o 9 ÷ 4 = 2 (whole number) with a remainder of 1.

2. The whole number is 2.

3. The remainder is 1, and the denominator stays 4, so the fraction is 1/4.

4. The mixed number is 2 1/4.

Answer: 9/4 = 2 1/4

Example 3: Changing 5/2 to a Mixed Number

1. Divide 5 by 2.

o 5 ÷ 2 = 2 (whole number) with a remainder of 1.

2. The whole number is 2.

3. The remainder is 1, and the denominator stays 2, so the fraction is 1/2.

4. The mixed number is 2 1/2.

Answer: 5/2 = 2 1/2

Example 4: Changing 8/5 to a Mixed Number

1. Divide 8 by 5.

o 8 ÷ 5 = 1 (whole number) with a remainder of 3.

2. The whole number is 1.

3. The remainder is 3, and the denominator stays 5, so the fraction is 3/5.

4. The mixed number is 1 3/5.

Answer: 8/5 = 1 3/5

Example 5: Changing 10/3 to a Mixed Number

1. Divide 10 by 3.

o 10 ÷ 3 = 3 (whole number) with a remainder of 1.

2. The whole number is 3.

3. The remainder is 1, and the denominator stays 3, so the fraction is 1/3.

4. The mixed number is 3 1/3.

Answer: 10/3 = 3 1/3

Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

To change a mixed number to an improper fraction, follow these steps:

1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fraction.

 2. Add the numerator of the fraction to this result.

3. The denominator remains the same.

Example 1: Changing 2 1/3 to an Improper Fraction

1. Multiply the whole number (2) by the denominator (3):

o 2×3=6

2. Add the numerator (1) to this result:

o 6+1=7

3. The denominator stays the same, so the improper fraction is 7/3.

Answer: 2 1/3 = 7/3

Example 2: Changing 3 1/4 to an Improper Fraction

1. Multiply the whole number (3) by the denominator (4):

o 3 × 4 = 12

2. Add the numerator (1) to this result:

o 12 + 1 = 13

3. The denominator stays the same, so the improper fraction is 13/4.

Answer: 3 1/4 = 13/4

Example 3: Changing 1 2/5 to an Improper Fraction

1. Multiply the whole number (1) by the denominator (5):

o 1×5=5

2. Add the numerator (2) to this result:

o 5+2=7

3. The denominator stays the same, so the improper fraction is 7/5.

Answer: 1 2/5 = 7/5

Example 4: Changing 4 1/6 to an Improper Fraction

1. Multiply the whole number (4) by the denominator (6):

o 4 × 6 = 24

2. Add the numerator (1) to this result:

 o 24 + 1 = 25

3. The denominator stays the same, so the improper fraction is 25/6.

Answer: 4 1/6 = 25/6

Example 5: Changing 5 3/7 to an Improper Fraction

1. Multiply the whole number (5) by the denominator (7):

o 5 × 7 = 35

2. Add the numerator (3) to this result:

o 35 + 3 = 38

3. The denominator stays the same, so the improper fraction is 38/7.

Answer: 5 3/7 = 38/7

Recap:

 To change an improper fraction to a mixed number, divide the numerator by the

denominator. The quotient is the whole number, and the remainder is the numerator of
the fraction.

 To change a mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the
denominator and then add the numerator. The result is the improper fraction.

Practice Problems:
1. Change 7/2 to a mixed number.

2. Change 11/4 to a mixed number.

3. Change 3 1/2 to an improper fraction.

4. Change 4 2/3 to an improper fraction.

5. Change 10/6 to a mixed number.

Key to Corrections

Lesson 1

Practice Questions

1. Which of these is a proper fraction?

a) 3/2 b) 2/3 c) 5/4

2. Which of these is a mixed number?

a) 7/9 b) 2 ¼ c) 4/6

3. Identify the improper fraction.

a) 3/5 b) 7/4 c) 2/3

4. Which of these are dissimilar fractions?

a) 1/4 and 2/4 b) 1/2 and 2/3 c) 3/5 and 4/5

5. What is an equivalent fraction for 2/3?

a) 4/6 b) 3/5 c) 5/7

Lesson 2

Practice Problems:

1. Change 7/2 to a mixed number.

Answer: 7/2 = 3 1/2

2. Change 11/4 to a mixed number.

Answer: 11/4 = 2 3/4

3. Change 3 1/2 to an improper fraction.

Answer: 3 1/2 = 7/2

4. Change 4 2/3 to an improper fraction.

Answer: 4 2/3 = 14/3

5. Change 10/6 to a mixed number.

Answer: 10/6 = 1 2/6 or 1 1/3