CHAPTER – 8

EXPONENTS AND POWERS

The notation of writing the multiplication
of a number by itself several times is
CONTENTS called the exponential notation or power
notation.
 Exponents
Thus, in general we find that :
 Exponents of Negative Integers If 'a' is a rational number then 'n' times the
 Laws of Exponents
product of 'a' by itself is given as a × a × a
× a ..... , n times and is denoted by an,
 Use of Exponent in Expressing
where 'a' is called the base and n is called
the exponent of an.
Large number EXAMPLES 
Ex.1 Write the following statements as
repeated multiplication and complete
the table :
The repeated addition of numbers can be
written in short form (product form). S. Statements Repeated Short
Multiplicat form
No.
Examples : ion
S.No. Statements Repeated Addition Products (i) 3 multiplied by 3×3×3×3 36
Form 3 for 6 times × 3 × 3 = 729
(i) 4 times 2 2+2+2+2 4×2 (ii) 2 multiplied by 2×2×2 23
2 for 3 times
(ii) 5 time – 1 (–1) + (–1) + (–1) + 5 × (–1)
(–1) + (–1) (iii) 1 multiplied by 1×1×1×1 17
1 for 7 times × 1×1×1
(iii)
3 times + + 3× Ex.2 Write the base and exponent of
following numbers. And also write in
expanded form :
(iv) 2 times 1 1+1 2×1
S. Numbers Base Exponent Expanded Value
Also, we can write the repeated Form
multiplication of numbers in a short form No.
known as exponential form. (i) 34 3 4 3×3×3×3 81
For example, when 5 is multiplied by (ii) 25 2 5 2×2×2×2 32
itself for two times, we write the product ×2
5 × 5 in exponential form as 5 2 which is
read as 5 raised to the power two. (iii) 33 3 3 3×3×3 27

Similarly, if we multiply 5 by itself for 6 (iv) 22 2 2 2×2 4

times, the product 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 is (v) 17
1 7 1×1×1×1 1
written in exponential form as 56 which is ×1×1×1
read as 5 raised to the power 6.
In 56, the number 5 is called the base of 56
and
6 is called the exponent of the base.
When the exponent of a negative integer
In general, we write, is odd, the resultant is a negative number,
An exponential number as ba, where b is and when the power of a negative number
the base and a is the exponent.
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 is even, the resultant is a positive Thus, 23 × 25 = 23 + 5
number.
Therefore, in general, we write,
an odd number
or (a negative integer) = a negative
am × an
integer.
an even number
(a negative integer) = a positive
integer. ×
EXAMPLES 
Ex.3 Express 144 in the powers of prime
= a × a × a × a × a × …., (m + n) times =
factors.
am + n.
Sol. 144 = 16 × 9 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Law-2 :
Here 2 is multiplied four times and 3
If a and b are non-zero integers and m is a
is multiplied 2 times to get 144.
positive integer, then
 144 = 24 × 32
am × bm = (a × b)m
Ex.4 Which one is greater : 3 or 5 ?5 3
Eg :
Sol. 35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 9 × 9 × 3
53 × 33 = (5 × 5 × 5) × (3 × 3 × 3)
= 81 × 3 = 243
= (5 × 3) × (5 × 3) × (5 × 3)
and 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 25 × 5 = 125
= 15 × 15 × 15 = (15)3
Clearly, 243 > 125  3 >5 5 3
So, 53 × 33 = (5 × 3)3 = (15)3
Here, we find that 15 is the product of
bases 5
Law-1 : If a is any non-zero integer and m and and 3.
n are whole numbers, then Also, if a and b are non-zero integers,
m
a ×a =a n m+n then
Eg : a5 × b5 = (a × a × a × a × a) × (b × b × b
× b × b)
(i) 34 × 32 =
= (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) =
(ab)5
Ex.5 Write in exponential form :
=
(i) (5 × 7)6 (ii) (–7n)5
Sol. (i) (5 × 7)6
= 36 = 3 4 + 2
= (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7)
Thus, 34 × 32 = 34 + 2 (5 × 7)
(ii) 23 × 25 = = (5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5) ( 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7)
= 56 × 76
Hence, (5 × 7)6 = 56 × 76
×
(ii) (–7n)5 = (–7n) (–7n) (–7n) (–7n)
(–7n)
= (–7 × – 7 × – 7 × – 7 × –7) (n × n ×
n × n × n)
= (–7)5 × (n)5
= 28 = 2 3 + 5 Law-3 :
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 If a is a non-zero integer and m and n are
two whole numbers such that m > n, then = × × × =

am  an = am – n
and for m < n

am  an = (a)m – n = Hence, (–2)4 ÷ b4 =

For example, 25  27 = Ex.6 Write the following in expanded form

:

(i)
= = =

When an exponential form is divided by (ii)

another exponential form whose bases are
same, then the resultant is an exponential
form with same base but the exponent is Sol. (i) = × ×
the difference of the exponent of the
divisor from the exponent of the dividend.
= =
Law-4 :
Division of exponential forms with the
same exponents and different base :
If a and b are any two non-zero integers,
have same exponent m then for a m ÷ bm, (ii) = × × × × ×
we write

=
= × × × ..., m times =
=

Law-5 :
For examples If 'a' be any non-zero integer and m and n
any two positive integers then
(i) 26 ÷ 36 = =
[(a)m]n = amn
Eg : (22)3 = 22 × 22 × 22 = 22 + 2 +2 = 26 = 22 ×
3
= × × × × × =
(27)2 = 27 × 27 = 27 +7 = 214 = 27 × 2

Hence, 26 ÷ 36 = Law-6 :
Law of zero Exponent
We know that
(ii) (–2)4 ÷ b4 = =

26 ÷ 26 = =

=1

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 By using Law-3 of exponents, we have = 8 × 109 years (app.)
26 ÷ 26 = 26–6 = 20 We can also express the age of universe
0 as
Thus, 2 = 1
80 × 108 years or 800 × 107 years, etc.
In general am  am = am – m = a0 and also
But generally the number which preceded
the power of 10 should be less than 10.
= Such a notation is called standard or
scientific notation.
So 8 × 109 years is the standard form of
the age of the universe.
=1
Similarly, the standard form of the speed
Hence, of light is 3 × 108 m/s.
 Any non-zero integer raised to the EXAMPLES 
power 0 always results into 1.
Ex.8 Write the following numbers in standard
Ex.7 Find the value of : form :
(i) (30 – 20) × 50 (i) 4340000
0 0 0
(ii) 2 × 3 × 4 (ii) 173000
0 0 0 0
(iii) (6 – 2 ) × (6 + 2 ) (iii) 140000
Sol. (i) We have, (3 – 2 ) × 5 0 0 0
Sol. (i) It is clear that 4340000 = 434 ×
Therefore, (1 – 1) × 1 = 0 × 1 = 0 10000
[Since 30 =1 , 20 = 1] Also, 4340000 = 4.34 × 106
(ii) We have, 20 × 30 × 40 = (1 × 1 × 1) =  434 = 4.34 × 100 = 4.34 × 102
1 (ii) Also, 173000 = 1.73 × 105
(iii) We have, (60 – 20) × (60 + 20) (iii) Also, 140000 = 1.4 × 105
= (1 – 1) × (1 + 1) Ex.9 Express the following numbers in
= 0 × 2 = 0. standard form :
(i) 980000000
(ii) 6020000000000000000000000
We know that
100 = 10 × 10 = 102, Sol. We have,
1000 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 103, (i) 980000000 = 9.8 × 108
10000 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 104 (ii) 602000000000000000000000
We can write a number followed by large = 6.02 × 1023
number of zeroes in powers of 10. Ex.10 Write number in usual form :
For example, we can write the speed of (i) 1.001 × 109
light in vacuum = 300,000,000 m/s
(ii) 6.678 × 108
= 3 × 1,00,000,000 m/s = 3 × 108 m/s
Sol. (i) We have 1.001 × 109 =
= 30 × 107 m/s = 300 × 106 m/s 1001000000
Similarly, (ii) We have, 6.678 × 108 =
the age of universe = 8,000,000,000 years 667800000
(app.)
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 Ex.11 Express the number appearing in the Ex.14 Express 128 as power of 2 and also
following statements in the form K × write its base and exponent.
10n, where 1 < K < 10 and n is an
integer.
(i) Every day about 1050000 kg
pollutants are emitted in the
capital of India. Sol.
(ii) The Earth has about 1,353000000
cubic km of sea water and this
sea water contains around
1,361000,000 kg of gold.
Sol. (i) We have, 1050000 = 105 × 10 4 = 128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
10.5 × 105 i.e., 128 = 27
= 1.05 × 106 In 27, Base = 2
(ii) We have, 1,353,000,000 = 1,353 Exponent (power) = 7
× 106
Ex.15 Express 625 as a power of 5 and also
= 135.3 write its base and exponent.
× 107
Sol.
= 13.53
8
× 10
= 1.353
× 109
and 1,361,000,000 = 1,361 ×
106
= 136.1 × 625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
7
10 i.e., 625 = 54
= 13.61 × In 54, Base = 5,
8
10
Exponent = 4
= 1.361 ×
109 Ex.16 Which is smaller : 52 or 25 ?

Ex.12 Write the following number in the Sol. 52 = 5 × 5 = 25

usual form : 25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
4 6
(i) 3.49 × 10 (ii) 1.11 × 10 52 < 25 ( 25 < 32)
Sol. 4
(i) 3.49 × 10 = 34900 Ex.17 Which is greater : 27 or 72 ?
6
(ii) 1.11 × 10 = 1110000 Sol. 27 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 128.
Ex.13 Express the following number in the 72 = 7 × 7 = 49 27 > 72
form
K × 10n, where K is a number and n is Ex.18 Expand y3x2, y2x3, x2y3, x3y2. Are they
an integer : 4176300000 same ?
Sol. We can write Sol. y3x2 = y × y × y × x × x
4176300000 as 41763 × 105 y2x3 = y × y × x × x × x
or 4176.3 × 106 or 417.63 × 107 x2y3 = x × x × y × y × y
or 41.763 × 108 or 4.1763 × 109 x3y2 = x × x × x × y × y

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 In the case of x3y2 and x2y3 the (iv) (– 2)3 × (–10)3
powers of x and y are different. Thus
= (–2) × (–2) × (–2) × (–10) × (–10) ×
x3y2 and x2y2 are different.
(– 10)
On the other hand, x3y2 and y2x3
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 10 × 10 × 10 × (–1) 6
are same, as the powers of x and y in
= 8000
these two terms are the same. The
order of factors does not matter. Ex.21 Compare : 3.7 × 1012, 2.5 × 108.
x3y2 = x3 × y2 = y2 × x3 = y2x3. Sol. 3.7 × 1012 = 3.7 × 1000000000000
Similarly, x2y3 and y3x2 are same. = 3700000000000
Ex.19 Express the following numbers as a 2.5 × 108 = 2.5 × 100000000
product of powers of prime factors :
= 25 × 10000000
(i) 27 (ii) 512 (iii) 343
3.7 × 1012 > 2.5 × 108
(iv) 729 (v) 3125
( place value of 1012 is greater than
Sol. (i) 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 3  27 = 3
3 3
the place value of 108)
(ii) 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × Ex.22 Calculate : 32 × 34.
2 = 28
Sol. 32 × 34 = (3 × 3) × (3 × 3 × 3 × 3) = 3 6
 512 = 2 8
=3 2+4

(iii) 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73  343 = Ex.23 Calculate : (–2)3 × (–2)4.

3
7
Sol. (–2)3 × (–2)4
6
(iv) 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 3
= (– 2 × – 2 × – 2) × (–2 × – 2 × – 2 ×
 729 = 36 – 2)
(v) 3125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 55 = (–2)7 = (–2)3+4.
 3125 = 55 Ex.24 Evaluate : 48 ÷ 43
Ex.20 Simplify :
Sol. 48 ÷ 43 = =
(i) (–4)3 (ii) –3 × (–2)3
(iii) (– 4)2 × (– 5)2 (iv) (– 2)3 × (–
3
10)
Sol. (i) (– 4)3 = (– 4) × (– 4) × (– 4) = 64 = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 45 = 48–3
= 4 × 4 × 4 × (–1)3 Ex.25 Evaluate : (42)3, (24)3.
( (–1)odd number = negative) Sol.
(ii) – 3 × (–2)3 = (–3) × (–2) × (–2) × (–
2)
= 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × (–1)4
= 24 × 1
( (–1)even number
=
positive) Ex.26 Evaluate : (32 × 42)
= 24 Sol. 32 × 42 = 3 × 3 × 4 × 4 = (3 × 4) × (3
(iii) (–4)2 × (–5)2 = (–4) × (–4) × (–5) × (– × 4)
5) = 12 × 12 = 122
4
= 4 × 4 × 5 × 5 × (–1) Ex.27 Evaluate : (53 × 23)
= 16 × 25 × 1 = 400 Sol. 53 × 23 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2
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 =5×2 ×5×2×5×2 (vii) (34)3 (viii) (220 ÷ 215)
3
×2
= 10 × 10 × 10
(ix) 8x ÷ 82 (x) a5 × b5
 53 × 23 = 103
Sol. (i) 23 × 24 × 27 = 23+4+7 = 214
Ex.28 Evaluate : , . ( am × an × ap = am+n+p)
(ii) 413 ÷ 48 = 413–8 = 45 = (22)5
Sol. = = × = = 22×5 = 210
( am × an = am+n, (am)n =
mn
a )
= =
(iii) 52 × 22 = (5 × 2)2 = 102
( am × bm = (a ×
Ex.29 Evaluate : . b) )m

(iv) x3 × x2 = x3+2 = x5 (am × an =

m+n
Sol. = = × × = a )
(v) 6x × 62 = 6x+2 (am × an =
m+n
a )
(vi) (52)3 ÷ 53 = 52×3 ÷ 53
= 5 6 ÷ 53 [ (am)n =
Ex.30 Find the value of . mn
a ]
= 56–3
Sol. First method : = =1 = 53
(vii) (34)3 = 34×3 = 312 [ (am)n =
Second method : Using laws of mn
a ]
exponent.
(viii) (220 ÷ 215) × 23 = (220–15) × 23
= 43–3 ( am ÷ an = am–n) ( am ÷ an =
m–n
a )
= 40 = 1. = 25 × 23 = 25+3 = 28
Ex.31 Write exponential form for 9 × 9 × 9 (ix) 8x ÷ 82 = 8x–2 ( am ÷ an =
× 9 × 9 taking base as 3. a m–n
)
Sol. We have, 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 = 9 5
(x) a5 × b5 = (a × b)5
5
= (3 × 3) ( 9 = 3 × 3) Ex.33 Say true or false and justify your
m
( a × a = a n m+n
) answer :
= (3 )2 5 (i) 10 × 1011 = 10011
= 32×5 = 310 [ (am)n = amn] (ii) 23 > 52
Ex.32 Using laws of exponents, simplify (iii) 60 = (400)0
and write the answer in exponential Sol. (i) 10 × 1011 = 101 × 1011
form :
= 101+11 ( am × an =
(i) 23 × 2 4 × 2 7 (ii) 413 ÷ 48 a m+n
)
(iii) 52 × 22 (iv) x3 × x2  10 × 1011 = 1012
x 2 2 3 3
(v) 6 × 6 (vi) (5 ) ÷ 5 Also 10011 = (10 × 10)11

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 = (102)11 = 102×11 108 × 192 = (2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3) ×
(2 × 2 × 2
 10011 = 1022
×2×2
So, 10 × 1011 = 10011  False
× 2 × 3)
( 1012  1022)
= (22 × 33) × (26 × 3)
3
(ii) 2 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
= 22+6 × 33+1
2
5 = 5 × 5 = 25.
= 22 × 2 6 × 3 3 × 3 = 2 8 ×
4
2 = 5  False
3 2
( 8  3
25)
(iii) 60 = 1 ( a0 =
1)
and (400)0 = 1
60 = 4000  True ( 1 = (iv)
1)
Ex.34 Express each of the following as
product of prime factors only in
exponential form :
(i) 729 × 64 (ii) 270
(iii) 108 × 192 (iv) 512 × 216
512 × 216 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
Sol. (i) 729 × 64 × 2 × 2)
= (3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3) × (2 × 2 × 2 × × (2 × 2 × 2 × 3 ×
2 × 2 × 2) 3 × 3)
( 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 29 × 23 × 33
× 3 × 3)
= 29+3 × 33
729 × 64 = 36 × 26 = (3 × 2)6 = 66
= 212 × 33
279 × 64 = 36 × 26 = (3 × 2)6 = 66
Ex.35 Simplify :

(i)
(ii)

(ii)

270 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 (iii)
3
270 = 2 × 3 × 5

(iv)

(iii) Sol. (i) =

[(am)n = amn]

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 = 210–9 × 73–1 ( am  an =1×1=1 ( a0 =
m–n
=a ) 1)
=2 ×7 1 2
Ex.36 Simplify and express each of the
following in exponential form :
= 2 × 49
(i) 254 ÷ 53
= 98
(ii) 20 × 30 × 40
(ii) = (iii) 20 + 30 + 40

(iv)
= [ (a × b)m =

am × bm] (v) (30 + 20) × 50

Sol. (i) 254  53 = (52)4  53
=
= 58 ÷ 53 ( am ÷ an =
m–n
a )
= ( am ÷ an = = (5)8–3 = 55.
(ii) 20 × 30 × 40 = 1 × 1 × 1 ( a0 = 1)
am–n)
=1
= = (iii) 2 + 3 + 4 = 1 + 1 + 1 ( a0 = 1)
0 0 0

=3
(iii) =
(iv) = =

[(am)n = amn]
= 28–6 × a5–3 ( am ÷ an = am–
[ (a × b)m = am × bm] n
)
= 22 × a2 = (2 × a)2 = (2a)2
= ( am  bn
(v) (30 + 20) × 50
m–n
=a )
= (1 + 1) × 1 ( a0 = 1)
= 35–5 × 55+2–7 × 25–5 ( a0 = 1)
=2×1
=1×1×1=1
Ex.37 Express the following numbers in the
standard form :
(iv)
(i) 35794.8 (ii) 78,640
(iii) 2,160,000 (iv)
= [ (am)n = 60,090,000,000,000

amn]
Sol. (i) Four digit shifted so multiply by 1
= ( am ÷ an = followed by 4 zeroes.

am–n) = 3.57948 × 10000

= 47–7 × 34–4 = 3.57948 × 104.
= 40 × 3 0
(ii) 78,640 =

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 = 78640 × 10000 = 7.864 (iii) 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 ×
4 0
× 10 10

(iii) 2,160,000 = Sol. (i) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 5

× 100
= 2.160,000 × 10 6 = 2.16 × = 8 × 10000 + 6 × 1000 + 0 × 100 + 4 ×
6
10 10 + 5 × 1
(iv) 60,090,000,000,000 = 80000 + 6000 + 0 + 40 + 5 =
86045.
=
(ii) 9 × 105 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101
= 6.0090,000,000,000 × 1013 = 9 × 100000 + 2 × 100 + 3 × 10
13
= 6.009 × 10 . = 900000 + 200 + 30 = 900230
Ex.38 Write the following in expanded form (iii) 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 100
using exponent :
= 4 × 100000 + 5 × 1000 + 3 × 100 + 2
(i) 279404 (ii) 3006194 (iii) ×1
20068
= 400000 + 5000 + 300 + 2 = 405302
Sol. (i) 279404 = 2 × 100000 + 7 ×
10000 + 9 ×
1000 + 4 × 100 + 00 +
4×1
= 2 × 105 + 7 × 104 + 9 × 103 + 4
× 102
+
4 × 100
(ii) 3006194
= 3 × 1000000 + 0 × 100000 + 0
× 10000
+ 6 × 1000 +1 × 100 + 9 ×
10 + 4 × 1
= 3 × 106 + 6 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 9 ×101
0
+ 4 × 10
(iii) 20068 = 2 × 10000 + 6 × 10 + 8
×1
= 2 × 104 + 6 × 101 + 8 × 100

Ex.39 Find the number from each of the

following expanded forms :
(i) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 4 × 101
+ 5 × 100
(ii) 9 × 105 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101

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 EXERCISE # 1
Q.1 (a) Find the value of (iii) (–2)2 × (–4)2 (iv) (–4)3 × (–
(i) 62 (ii) 24 (iii) 83 10)5
(iv) 113 (v) 74 Q.8 Compare the following :
(b) Write the base and exponent of (i) 8.9 × 109; 9.8 × 107
(i) 35 (ii) (–7)9 (iii) 182 (ii) 5 × 104, 3 × 106
(iii) 16 × 1016, 3 × 103
Q.2 Express the following in exponential
(iv) 6 × 1016, 7 × 1017
form :
Q.9 Using laws of exponents, simplify
(i) 8 × 8 × 8 × 8 (ii) b × b
and write the answer in exponential
(iii) 6 × 6 × 9 × 9 × 9 (iv) x × x × x
form :
×y
(i) 53 × 55 × 59 (ii) 1117 ÷ 1115
(v) 5 × 5 × x × x
(iii) 9x × 94 (iv) (62)3 ÷ 65
(vi) x × x × x × x × y × y × z
(v) 35 × 65 (vi) (414 ÷ 411)
Q.3 Identify the smaller number, where- × 25
ever possible, in each of the following
Q.10 Say true or false and justify your
?
answer :
(i) 53 or 35 (ii) 63 or 36
(i) 100 × 1010 = 10012 (ii) 39 × 48 =
(iii) 48 or 84 (iv) 10003 or 31000
1217
(v) 310 or 103 (vi) 26 or 62
(iii) 50 = (2000)0 (iv) 53 > 35
Q.4 Express each of the following
Q.11 Express each of the following as a
numbers using exponential notations :
product of prime factors only in
(i) 81 (ii) 15625
exponential form :
(iii) 1000000 (iv) 65536
(i) 289 × 324 (ii) 216 × 125
(v) 16807
(iii) 2187 × 49 (iv) 1331 ×
Q.5 Express each of the following as 144
product of powers of their prime (v) 169 × 343 (vi) 225 × 3 ×
factors : 5
(i) 324 (ii) 7200 (iii) 810 (iv)
Q.12 Simplify :
540
(i) (ii)
Q.6 Simplify :
(i) 3 × 102 (ii) 83 × 23
(iii) 33 × 4 (iv) 4 × 54
(v) 0 × 103 (vi) 32 × 53
(vii) 34 × 42 (viii) 42 × 104 (iii) (iv) (60 + 70 +

Q.7 Simplify : 80) ÷ 3

(i) (–5)3 (ii) (–2) × (–
3)5 (v) (vi) (35 × 32)2
 (i) 7,00,00,000 (ii)
(vii) (viii)
8,00,00,000
(iii) 47,89,00,000 (iv) 480,767
(v) 48096.9 (vi) 9807.86

Q.16 Express the numbers appearing in the

(ix) × t2 × x2 (x) [(93)2 × 96] following statements in standard form
:
÷ 910
(i) The distance of two places A and
Q.13 Write the following numbers in the
B is 487,000,000,000 m.
expanded form :
(ii) Diameter of an object is
(i) 398505 (ii) 9087183
62,30,000 mm
(iii) 3708267 (iv) 230423
(iii) Speed of a car is 80000.00 m/hr.
(v) 86003 (vi) 390868
(iv) In sky there are approximately
Q.14 Find the number from each of the 100,000,000,000,000 stars.
following exponential forms : (v) The universe is estimated to be
(i) 9 × 105 + 8 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 6 × about 12,000,000,000 years old
102 (vi) The population of world is
+ 3 × 101 + 2 approximately 3,083,000,000
0
× 10
(ii) 6 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 8 × 102 + 5 × 100
(iii) 4 × 104 + 8 × 102 + 6 × 100
(iv) 7 × 106 + 6 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 4 ×
101

Q.15 Express the following numbers in

standard form :
 ANSWER KEY
1. (a) (i) 36 (ii) 16 (iii) 512 (iv) 1331 (v) 2401
(b) (i) Base = 3, Exponent = 5 (ii) Base = (–7), Exponent = 9
(iii) Base = 18, Exponent = 2

2. (i) 84 (ii) b2 (iii) 62 × 93 = 22 × 38 (iv) x3 × y (v) 52 × x2 = (5x)2 (vi)

4 2
xyz

3. (i) 53 (ii) 63 (iii) 84 (iv) 10003 (v) 103 (vi) 62

4. (i) 34 (ii) 56 (iii) 106 (iv) 216 (v) 75

5. (i) 22 × 34 (ii) 25 × 32 × 52 (iii) 2 × 34 × 5 (iv) 22 × 33 × 5

6. (i) 300 (ii) 4096 (iii) 108 (iv) 2500 (v) 0 (vi) 1125 (vii) 1296
(viii) 160000

7. (i) –125 (ii) 486 (iii) 64 (iv) 6400000

8. (i) 8.9 × 109 > 9.8 × 107 (ii) 3 × 106 > 5 × 104 (iii) 16 × 1016 > 3 × 103 (iv) 7 × 1017 > 6
× 1016

9. (i) 517 (ii) 112 (iii) 9x+4 (iv) 6 (v) 310 × 25 (vi) 211

10. (i) false (ii) false (iii) true (iv) false

11. (i) (17 × 2)2 × 34 (ii) 63 × 53 (iii) 37 × 72 (iv) 113 × 24 × 32 (v) 132 × 73
(vi) 33 × 53

12. (i) 253125 (ii) 192x5 (iii) 5 (iv) 1 (v) 1 (vi) 314 (vii) 1 (viii) 2
(ix) xt5 (x) 81

13. (i) 3 × 105 + 9 × 104 + 8 × 103 + 5 × 102 + 5 × 100

(ii) 9 × 106 + 8 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 8 × 101 + 3 × 100
 (iii) 3 × 106 + 7 × 105 + 8 × 103 + 2 × 102 + 6 × 101 + 7 × 100
(iv) 2 × 105 + 3 × 104 + 4 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 3 × 100
(v) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 3 × 100
(vi) 3 × 105 + 9 × 104 + 8 × 102 + 6 × 101 + 8 × 100

14. (i) 987632 (ii) 67805 (iii) 40806 (iv) 7006340

15. (i) 7 × 107 (ii) 8 × 107 (iii) 4.789 × 108 (iv) 4.80767 × 105 (v) 4.80969 × 104 (vi)
3
9.80786 × 10

16. (i) 4.87 × 1011 m (ii) 6.23 × 106 mm (iii) 8 × 104 m/hr (iv) 1 × 1014 (v) 1.2
× 1010 yrs.
(vi) 3.083 × 109
 EXERCISE # 2
numbers, the literal numbers a and m
Fill in the blanks type Questions :
are.
(Q.1 to Q.15)
Q.1 The value of (10)0 + (100)0 is equal to Q.17 Third power of a number is called the
.......... . square of the number.

Q.2 In power notation 25/36, can be Q.18 52 is read as "two square".

expressed
as ............. .
Q.19 x3y2 and –y2x3 are not like terms.
Q.3 The value of (3)4 is .................. .
Q.20 72 is greater than 27.
Q.4 The power notation for 10 × 10 × 10 ×
10 × 10 Q.21 The product of powers of prime
is ........... . factors for the number 343 is 37.

Q.5 (–6)3 is equal to ................. . Q.22 The value of (a)m × (a)–n is (a)m+n.

Q.6 The value of x0 ÷ y0 is ............ . Q.23 The value of am ÷ (a)–n is (a)m+n.

Q.7 56 × 5x = 5---- Q.24 The value of (a–m)n is (a)–m+n.

Q.8 (6x)2 = 6----

Q.25 The value of is 1.
Q.9 (9)3 × ........ = 98
Q.26 Match column A with column B
Q.10 ......... ÷ 42 = 46
Column A Column B
a b
Q.11 The expanded form using exponent (i) x × x (a) xa–b
for 405972 is ........ . (ii) xa ÷ xb (b) xab
(iii) (xa)b (c) 1
Q.12 The standard form for 68790 is ........ . 0
(iv) (x) (d) xa + b
Q.13 In general if 'b' is any non-zero (v) (x0)m
integer, then (b)0 is equal (vi) (xb)a
to ............... .
(vii)
Q.14 52 is read as ............... of five.

Q.15 In exponent form (–2) raised to power Q.27 Find the square of first ten natural
four can be written as .................. . numbers.

True/False type Question (Q.16 to Q.28 Find the cube of first ten natural
Q.25) numbers.

Q.16 We can not find the exponential value Q.29 To what power (–3) should be raised
of (a)m unless we know that numerical to get
–27 ?
Q.30 To what power (–2) should be raised
to get
16 ?

Q.31 Convert the following into power

notation :

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)
Q.34 Write the following numbers in the
Q.32 Find the value of the following : standard form :
(i) 4830000 (ii) 946 × 107
(i) (ii) (iii) 525 × 107

Q.35 Write the following numbers in the

(iii) (iv)
usual form :
(i) 4.85 × 107 (ii) 7.49 × 105
Q.33 Simplify : (iii) 3.5 × 106
(i) Q.36 Express the following numbers in the
form
(ii) K × 10n, where K is a number such
that
(iii) 1 < K < 10 and n is an integer :
(i) 30560000 (ii)
847300000
(iv)
 ANSWER KEY

1. 2 2. 3. 81 4. (10)5 5. (–216) 6. 1 7. 6 + x

8. 62x 9. 95 10. 48 11. 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 9 × 102 + 7 × 101 + 2 × 100

12. 6.8 × 104 13. 1 14. square 15. (–2)4 16. T 17. F 18. F
19. T 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. T
26. (i) d (ii) a (iii) b (iv) c (v) c (vi) b (vii) c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
27. 1 = 1; 2 = 4; 3 = 9; 4 = 16; 5 = 25; 6 36; 7 = 49; 8 = 64; 9 = 81; 10 = 100
28. 13 = 1; 23 = 8; 33 = 27; 43 = 64; 53 = 125; 63 = 216; 73 = 343; 83 = 512; 93 = 729; 103 = 1000
29. (–3)3 = –27 30. (–2)4 = 16

31. (i) (ii) or (iii) (iv)

32. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

33. (i) 55 (ii) 49 (iii) b5 (iv) 320

6 9
34. (i) 4.83 × 10 (ii) 9.46 × 10 (iii) 5.25 × 109
35. (i) 48500000 (ii) 749000 (iii) 3500000
7 8
36. (i) 3.056 × 10 (ii) 8.473 × 10