College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT

Programme Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) in Electrical Engineering

:
Title (84065/84066)
Subject
Subject Title : Power System Protection : SEHS4661
Code
Semester/
: Semester 1, 2023/24
Term
Date : 18 December 2023 Time : 19:30 – 21:30
Subject
Time Allowed : 2 hours : Dr C.W. YU
Examiner(s)

This question paper has 4 pages (including this covering page).

Instructions to Candidates:

1. This paper consists of FOUR questions. Answer ALL questions and each question carries 25
marks.
2. Show all your workings clearly and neatly. Reasonable steps should be shown.
3. Begin each question on a fresh page in the answer book provided.
4. Candidates are NOT allowed to retain this paper.

Authorised Materials:

YES NO Remark
CALCULATOR [] [ ] NO programme should be stored in
the calculator.
SPECIFICALLY PERMITTED ITEMS [ ] [ ]

DO NOT TURN OVER THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Answer ALL questions in the answer book provided. Each question carries 25 marks.

Question 1

The full load rating of an industrial consumer supplied at 11 kV 3-phase is 2800 kVA at 0.8 power
factor lagging. The consumer is drawing full load for 8 hours per day and half load at the same
power factor for 4 hours per day. The power and energy consumptions are measured through three
150/1 current transformers (CTs) and three 11 kV/110 V voltage transformers (VTs). The CTs and
VTs both have accuracy class of 0.5 and the error limits are listed in Table Q1(a) and Table Q1(b)
respectively. Calculate

(a) the power consumption indicated by the instruments under the full load condition;

(10 marks)

(b) the power consumption indicated by the instruments under the half load condition; and

(10 marks)

(c) the maximum error in energy measurement per day.

(5 marks)
(Total: 25 marks)

Table Q1(a)
± percentage current (ratio) error at ± phase displacement at percentage of
percentage of rated current shown rated current shown below in minutes
Class below
5 20 100 120 5 20 100 120
0.5 1.5 0.75 0.5 0.5 90 45 30 30

Table Q1(b)
Class ± Percentage voltage ± Phase displacement in
(ratio) error minutes
0.5 0.5 20
These error limits apply at rated frequency at any voltage between 80% and 120% of rated voltage
and with burdens of between 25% and 100% of rated burden at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Question 2

(a) For correct discrimination in network protection, explain the points need to be considered
when the network is protected by:

(i) fuses only; and

(ii) fuses together with other protective devices.
(15 marks)

(b) Each of the three 100/1 current transformers (CTs) has the following simplified linear
magnetizing characteristic:

Voltage rises from 0 V to 20 V when the magnetizing current rises from 0 to 0.1 A
Voltage rises from 20 V to 24 V when the magnetizing current rises from 0.1 to 1 A

The three CTs are connected in parallel and supply an earth fault overcurrent relay of 1A
rating. The relay absorbs 5 VA at setting current. Calculate the actual primary operating
current when the relay setting current is set at 80% of the relay rating. Assume the CTs have
no loss and the relay burden is purely reactive.
(10 marks)
(Total: 25 marks)

Question 3
A distance relay is installed to protect a 100 km, 132 kV transmission line as shown in Fig. Q3.
The short circuit level of the generator is 1500 MVA. The residual compensation factor is given as
(Z0/Z1 – 1)/3 and a single phase to ground fault occurs 80 km away from the relay. Using 100
MVA as base,
(a) Determine the per-unit (pu) phase voltage and current at the relay point, and hence the pu
impedance seen by the relay without residual compensation.
(13 marks)

(b) Determine the pu relay current with residual compensation, and hence the pu impedance
seen by the relay with residual compensation.
(12 marks)
(Total: 25 marks)

Fig. Q3

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 College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPCE), an affiliate of PolyU

Question 4

High impedance differential protection system is used to protect a 132 kV bus-bar scheme where
two incoming lines and four outgoing lines are terminated. The high impedance relay has a setting
range of 10 V to 120 V in steps of 10 V and its operating current is 20 mA at setting. The system
and current transformers (CTs) parameters are listed below:

Maximum fault level of the 132 kV system 6000 MVA

All CT ratio 600/1A
CT secondary resistance 0.6 Ω
Lead wire resistance (loop) 1.1 Ω
CT magnetizing current to up 120V 0.2975 mA/V (assumed linear)
CT knee point voltage 170V

(a) Define the CT knee point.

(5 marks)

(b) Determine the voltage setting of the relay.

(10 marks)

(c) Calculate the resistance of the shunt stabilizing resistor if the primary fault level setting is
200 MVA.

(10 marks)
(Total: 25 marks)

- END OF PAPER-

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