This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F3328 − 18 An American National Standard

Standard Practice for

the One-Step (Solvent Cement Only) Method of Joining Poly
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Pipe and Piping Components with Tapered Sockets1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3328; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1 This practice describes a one-step (solvent cement only) safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method of joining pipe to fittings (and or piping components) responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that employ tapered sockets that provide an interference fit 1⁄3 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to 2⁄3 ’s of the socket depth. This practice applies to poly(vinyl mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chloride) (PVC), or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC). 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 This practice shall only be used with products (pipe, ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
fitting, fitting component and solvent cement) where manufac- Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
turer’s literature and local codes reference this ASTM standard mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
practice: ASTM F3328. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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NOTE 1—Where conflicts occur between the code and the manufactur-
2. Referenced Documents
er’s installation instructions, the more restrictive provisions apply.

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1.3 Due to inherent hazards associated with testing compo-
nents and systems with compressed air or other compressed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
2

Document manu- Preview

gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of tics
their products. Consult with specific product/component D2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl
facturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneu- Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
matic testing. F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
NOTE 2—Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases
ASTM F3328-18
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
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contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety Pipe and Fittings
hazards should a system fail for any reason. F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.4 Techniques covered are applicable to joining PVC to F493 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated
PVC, or CPVC to CPVC pipe and piping components with Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
tapered sockets. In the remainder of this standard practice, the
term “piping components with tapered sockets”, whether it be 3. Terminology
bell end pipe, spigot connections, or any other type of tapered 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
connections, will be referred to as “fittings.” nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
1.5 Text of this practice references notes and footnotes that nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.
provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-
cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as 4. Summary of Practice
requirements of the practice. 4.1 In order to achieve consistently strong and leak-free
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be joining of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly(Vi-
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are nyl Chloride) (CPVC) pipe and fittings, the following prin-
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for ciples need to be clearly understood and followed:
information only and are not considered standard.

1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F3328–18 the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 F3328 − 18
4.1.1 By the use of an applicator, solvent cement shall be unsuitable for use if it exhibits an appreciable change from the
worked into the surfaces to be joined to promote softening. original viscosity, or if signs of gelation (jelly-like) are
(See Fig. 1.) apparent. Restoration of the original viscosity or removal of
4.1.2 Solvent cement shall be applied to the pipe end and gelation by adding solvents shall not be allowed.
fitting socket to fill the gap between pipe and fitting socket. 6.3 Chemical Cleaners—Chemical cleaners, only those rec-
(See Fig. 2.) ommended by solvent cement manufacturers shall be used to
4.1.3 Pipe and fitting shall be assembled immediately after remove surface debris (for example, oil, dirt, grease, paint,
the application of solvent cement. (See Fig. 3.) etc.).
4.1.4 Joint strength develops as the solvents evaporate from
6.3.1 Sandpaper or similar abrasive cloths or grinders shall
the joint. At the socket bottom where there is an interference fit,
not be used to clean pipe or fittings.
the surfaces will fuse together; at the socket entrance where
there is a gap, the solvent cement will fill the gap and bond NOTE 3—This practice can remove a significant amount of material
both surfaces. (See Fig. 4.) from the surfaces to be joined which will adversely affect the interference
4.1.5 As the solvents evaporate, softened surfaces will fit and reduce joint strength.
harden with a corresponding increase in joint strength over
time. A properly assembled joint will withstand the required 7. Procedure
working pressure long before the joint has fully cured. As- 7.1 Cutting—Using a suitable cutter, cut the pipe perpen-
sembled joints shall not be disturbed until the initial set time dicular (square) to the pipe axis (see Fig. 5).
has been achieved (See Section 8, Installation), in accordance
NOTE 4—It is important to cut the pipe perpendicular (square) to the
with solvent cement manufacturers’ recommendations. pipe axis. A square cut provides maximum bonding area. Tools used to cut
plastic pipe must be in good condition and used in accordance with the
5. Significance and Use tool manufacturer’s recommendations. If there is any indication of damage
5.1 Solvent cement bonder/installers shall follow all proce- or evidence of cracking after cutting the pipe, cut off at least 2 in. (50.8
dures to produce consistently strong and leak-free joints, either mm) beyond any visible crack. Care must be exercised when using ratchet
cutters, especially at 50 °F (10 °C) or lower temperatures, as they may
in shop operations or in the field.
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split the pipe if not maintained and used properly. When using wheel-type
plastic tubing cutters with a blade made for cutting plastic pipe, material
6. Materials displacement from the downward force of the cutting wheel will create

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6.1 Pipe and Fittings—Pipe and fittings shall meet the ridges, which shall be removed with a chamfering tool or file
requirements of current applicable PVC, or CPVC pipe and 7.2 Chamfering and Deburring:
piping components standards.
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7.2.1 Chamfering—Exterior pipe edges shall be chamfered
6.2 Solvent Cement: with a chamfering tool specifically designed for plastic pipe or
6.2.1 Specification—Solvent cement shall meet the require- a file. (See Fig. 6 for tolerances and Fig. 7 for tools)
ments of Specification D2564 for PVC solvent cement, Speci- Chamfering is necessary to remove burrs and sharp edges
fication F493 for CPVC solvent cement ASTM F3328-18
created by the cutting process.
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6.2.2 Selection—Solvent cements are available in a variety NOTE 5—Chamfering allows the pipe to enter the fitting socket cleanly
of viscosities and wet film thicknesses to cover the range of and uniformly. Sharp edges, if not removed, will scrape away softened
pipe sizes. socket material, depositing it and solvent cement into the fitting or pipe
6.2.3 Storage—Solvent cements shall be stored in a cool, waterway, creating a potential leak path. Accumulation of softened socket
dry place. All solvent cements have a limited shelf life. Consult material and solvent cement inside the waterway must be avoided.
the solvent cement manufacturer for specific recommendations 7.2.2 Deburring—Burrs on the inside pipe edge shall be
on storage conditions and shelf life. The solvent cement is removed with a deburring tool or half-round file (See Fig. 7).

FIG. 1 Penetrated and Softened Areas

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 F3328 − 18

FIG. 2 Solvent Cement-Application

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FIG. 3 Assemble Immediately while Cement is Wet and Fluid

ASTM F3328-18
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FIG. 4 Assembled Joint

NOTE 6—Removing burrs from the interior (waterway) prevents ob- interference. Check for an interference fit between the pipe and
structions and enhances fluid flow. fitting, occurring at approximately 1⁄3 to 2⁄3 of the socket depth.
7.3 Dry Joint Tightness Test—Prior to applying solvent Do not force components together. If the pipe end or fitting
cement, insert the pipe gently and slowly into the socket until socket, prior to dry fitting, shows indications of surface
the first sign of resistance is detected to determine the point of contamination refer to 7.4, Cleaning.

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 F3328 − 18

FIG. 5 Cut Pipe Square

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ASTM F3328-18
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FIG. 6 Pipe Chamfer

NOTE 7—Pipe and fittings are designed to have an interference fit (See pipe O.D. with a mark. From this mark, place a second mark 2
Fig. 8). An interference fit occurs when the outside pipe diameter contacts in. (50.8 mm) (See Fig. 10) further up the pipe.
(interferes) with the inside tapered fitting socket diameter. Dimensional
conformance is essential for an interference fit, to make strong leak free NOTE 10—First mark is the solvent cement application area. Second
joints. If the fit is loose, replace the pipe or fittings in order to obtain a mark is a reference point used after joint assembly to verify that the pipe
proper interference fit. Do not attempt to join pipe and fittings that do not was fully bottomed out in the socket and did not back out during the initial
have an interference fit. hold time.
7.4 Cleaning—Use a clean, dry cloth or paper towel to clean 7.6 Applicator Size—Use an applicator approximately half
the surfaces of pipe and fittings (See Fig. 9). If joining surfaces (1⁄2) the nominal pipe size being joined.
cannot be cleaned by wiping with a clean, dry cloth or paper NOTE 11—Can-lid dauber may not be of appropriate size for the specific
towel, a chemical cleaner recommended only by the solvent pipe diameter and fittings being joined. A variety of applicators are
cement manufacturer shall be used. commercially available.
NOTE 8—Proper surface preparation is required to maximize the 7.7 Assembly Procedure for Joining Plastic Pipe and Fit-
integrity of the joint. Foreign materials can impede the solvent cementing tings with one-step Solvent Cement:
process. Surfaces to be joined must be free of foreign materials (that is, 7.7.1 Solvent Cement Standards for Joining PVC, or CPVC
oil, dirt, grease, paint, etc.). Plastic Pipe and Fittings:—(1) Use PVC solvent cement that
NOTE 9—Chemical cleaners only clean pipe and fittings and will not
sufficiently soften joining surfaces. Follow proper handling procedures meets Specification D2564 for joining PVC to PVC (2) Use
provided by solvent cement manufacturers. CPVC solvent cement that meets Specification F493 for
7.5 Mark Pipe—First time operators or users may want to joining CPVC to CPVC.
measure the socket depth and transfer this measurement to the NOTE 12—Formulation of one-step solvent cement is specifically