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GES 112 ICT Intro 074136

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), detailing its definition, components, and applications in library services. It emphasizes the importance of ICT in information storage, retrieval, and communication, while also outlining methods for searching information on the internet, including the use of search engines and databases. Additionally, it offers practical tips for effective online searching and highlights the differences between search engines and databases.

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12 views30 pages

GES 112 ICT Intro 074136

The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), detailing its definition, components, and applications in library services. It emphasizes the importance of ICT in information storage, retrieval, and communication, while also outlining methods for searching information on the internet, including the use of search engines and databases. Additionally, it offers practical tips for effective online searching and highlights the differences between search engines and databases.

Uploaded by

modupelaw612
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GES 112

(Use of Library, study skills and ICT)

Course coordinator: B.O. Popoola, MLIS, CLN, CMLN


Introduction to ICT
AND

Finding Information on the Web


What is ICT?
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the tools
and techniques that are used for gathering, manipulating and
communicating information.

• ICT is often used in preference for IT (Information Technology)

• Information Technology is concerned with the use of computer and


its related technologies to acquire, process, store and disseminate
information.
Let’s Break it down
• Information: this refers to processed raw data. They are organized,
meaningful and useful interpretation of data.

• Communication: involves the transmission of information from one


person or group to another

• Technology: this refers to the tools and techniques needed to


communicate information
Methods of Spreading Information
Old methods New methods
• Oral • Writing
• Town crier • Typing
• Beating drums • Printing
• Lighting fire • Telephone
• Drawing diagrams • Telex
representations/symbols • Radio
• Television
• Fax
• Satellite
• Computer
• E-mail
In a nutshell…
ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data.

Importantly, it is also concerned with the way these


different uses can work with each other in business.
What do we use IT for?
• Capturing information - originally obtaining information by using IT tools like a mouse, keyboard and bar code
reader.

• Conveying information - showing the most useful information by using IT tools like a screen, printer, speaker and
monitor

• Creating information - creating new information by using IT tools like CPU and RAM.

• Cradling information - storing information for a later time by using IT tools like a hard disk, CD-ROM and DVD

• Communicating information - distributing information to other people or other location by using IT tools like a
modem, a satellite and a digital pager
Benefits of ICT in Library services

• Speed

• Accuracy

• Efficiency

• Networking

• Communication
Components of ICT

• Computers: used to process data into information

• Communication networks: for transmission of information

• Know-how: the people manipulating the system.


Components of a Computer System

• Hardware/devices: The computer and its associated equipment

• Software: general term for a set of instructions that controls a


computer or a communications network

• Humanware: the people who manage the system


Computer Devices
Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit

Input Output
Devices Devices
Memory

Storage Devices
Input Devices
• Used for capturing information
• Translates data from human-readable to computer-readable formats

Examples
• Keyboards: standard, speciality and terminals
• Audio input: microphone, voice recognition
system
• Pointing devices: mouse, mouse variances
• Source-data entry devices: scanners, barcode
reader, fax machine, MARC & character
recognition devices, etc
Output Devices
• Used for conveying information
• Translate data from computer-readable to human readable formats

Examples
• Hardcopy output: printers
• Softcopy output: display screen
(CRT, flat panel)
• Others e.g. speaker, headphone
Processing and Memory Devices
• Used for creating information
• Mainly include the microprocessor and memory (RAM) devices of the
system unit
Storage Devices
• Used for cradling information
• Mainly refers to as secondary storage media
• Provides permanent non-volatile storage

Examples
• Hard disk
• Solid State media: memory cards,
Flash disk, external drive
• Optical Disk: CD, VCD, DVD, BD
Software
The Internet
• A collection of vast information sources of interlinked computers and
related devices

• Through the internet, access can be made to:


• Bibliographic and full text databases (for journals, textbooks, theses, reports,
etc).
• Library catalogues on OPAC
• Electronic mail
• Newspapers
• Magazines, etc.
Internet Applications
• E-mail
• Mailing list/listserv
• Information download
• E-commerce
• E-learning
• Voice/video calls
• Communication
• Online Databases
Searching for information on the Internet
Information can be accessed through the
internet using any of the following tools:

• Search engine
• Meta search engine
• Deep web searching
• Gateways/Databases
• Subject directories, etc.
Search Engines
❑It is an online service that makes use of specially-
created computer programmes to locate information
on the internet

❑They operate based on the use of “spiders” (robot


software) which roams the internet to index contents
(texts,images, etc) from various webpages.

❑The indexed contents are stored in the search


engine’s database/directory, which are matched with
users query when they conduct a search.
Steps for finding information through search
engines
• Identify the keywords in the topic

• Find synonyms for the keywords

• Determine the information access tool to be used

• Form a search statement by putting the keywords


together

• Start searching
Online Search Tips
• Make use of + and – signs in front of your search words to
force their inclusion or exclusion e.g. +cataloguing –
descriptive

• To search an exact phrase as it is, put it in quotes e.g.


“ABO Blood typing system” (Note: don’t quote single
term)

• Your most important keyword should come first

• Search with lower case keywords and phrases to retrieve


both lower and upper case versions
Search Tips (Ctd)
• Deploy truncations and wildcards (e.g. *) to retrieve variations
of your search term e.g. colo*r, librar*

• Use the find command (Ctr+F) to locate your keyword within a


document

• Understand your search engine’s default setting (OR or AND);


this affects how your search statements should be configured.
If your search statement does not contain any sign (+, -, “”), the
engine search using its default setting

• If your search engine maintain a stopword list, don’t use the


stopwords while searching
Boolean and proximity operators searching
• Boolean operators include: AND, OR, NOT (ANDNOT)

• They are used to link words and phrases to obtain


more precise search results

• “AND”
• narrows search
• only documents containing every keyword in your search
statements will be retrieved
Booleans... (ctd)
• “OR”
• expands your search
• documents containing either or both keywords will be retrieved

• “NOT”
• Limits your search
• Keywords after “NOT” operator are excluded from the search (even if the keyword
before the operator also appears in the same document as the keyword after it)
Implied Boolean Operators
• Involves the use of + or – signs as replacement for full
Boolean operators

•+ = inclusion
•– = exclusion
• “…” = search phrase in exact order

e.g. +diabetes –drugs; “green tea”


Examples of search engines
• Google
• Yahoo
• Google Scholar
Search Engine vs Database
Search Engine Database
• A means to information • Information store itself
• Always free to use • free or subscription-based
• Unstable information • Stable information
• Unreview/unorganized • Reviewed/Organized
• Information sources may not • Information sources are
be credible credible
• Difficult to narrow down • Easy to narrow down search
result, find relevant materials, results and ascertain
and assess legitimacy of information legitimacy
information • Useful for academic and other
• Useful for finding information related information
from organization, groups and
webpages
Examples of databases for Medical/Health
Sciences
• PubMed Central
• HINARI
• ScienceDirect
• JAYPEE
• ProQuest
• Directory of Open Access Journals
• Springer, etc.
The UNIMED Library Homepage is your plug
to academic and research information

www.library.unimed.edu.ng

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