Additive Manufacturing • Less material choices, colors, finishes

- Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D Limited component size / small build

printing, uses computer-aided design (CAD)
volume
to build objects layer by layer.
• Requires post-processing
• ECONOMICI (cheaper than
conventional manufacturing)
• Performance is better than
conventional manufacturing

- AM (additive manufacturing) contrasts with

traditional manufacturing, which cuts,
drills, and grinds away unwanted
excess from a solid piece of material, often
metal.

The Additive Manufacturing

Process
Additive manufacturing (rom CAD
Why Additive Manufacturing to the physical object)
ADVANTAGES OF AM • Different products will involve AM in
different ways and to different
• You’ll save on materials and energy.
degrees. Small, relatively simple
Industrial-quality printers are affordable and so
products may only make use of AM
are the common materials.
for visualization models, while
• The cost of entry continues to fall. The larger, more complex products with
overall waste is minimal. It has a better greater engineering content may
environmental impact. involve AM during numerous stages
and Iterations throughout the
• Reduced prototyping and redesign cost
development process.
You can make design adjustments using CAD.
• Small production runs often prove faster
and less expensive. If you need to create an
object, it is likely faster to 3D print it.
• Tooling elimination You do not need any
tools such as drills, grinds, and molds.
• You don't need a much on-hand 1. Model Creation
inventory. You can go to an online cloud and • All AM parts must start from
then print the object you need. a software model that fully
describes the external
• Complex and highly customized parts
geometry, This can involve the
DISADVANTAGES use of almost any professional
CAD solid modeling software,
• Higher cost for large-scale production but the output must be a 3d
 solid or surface 7. Post- processing
representation.
• Once removed from the machine,
2. STL Conversion
parts may require an amount of
• Nearly every AM machine
additional cleaning up before
accepting STL file format, which
they are ready for use Parts may
has become a defactor
be weak at this stage or they may
standard, and nowadays nearly
have supporting features that must
every CAD system can output
be removed. This therefore often
such a file format. This file
requires time and careful,
describes the external closed
experienced manual manipulation
surfaces of the original CAD
model and forms the basis for 8. Application
calculation of the slices.
3. STL File Manipulation • Parts may now be ready to be
used. However, they may also require
• The STL file describing the part additional treatment before they are
must be transferred to the AM acceptable for use. For example, they
machine. Here, there may be some may require priming and painting to
general manipulation of the file so give an acceptable surface texture and
that it is the correct size, finish. Treatments may be laborious
position, and orientation for and lengthy i the finishing
building requirements are very demanding.
They may also be required to be
4. Machine Setup
assembled together with other
• The AM machine must be mechanical or electronic components
property set up prior to the build to form a final model or product
process. Such settings would relate
Classification of AM Process
to the build parameters like the
material constraints, energy - In 2010, the American Society for
source, layer thickness, Testing and Materials (ASTM)
timings, etc group ASTM F42 - Additive
Manufacturing. formulated a set of
5. Build
standards that classify the range of
• Building the part is mainly an Additive Manufacturing processes
automated process and the into seven (7) categories.
machine can largely carry on • VAT photopolymerization
without supervision. Only • Material jetting
superficial monitoring of the • Binder jetting
machine needs to take place at • Material extrusion
this time to ensure no errors have • Powder bed fusion
taken place live running out of • Directed energy deposition
material, power or software • Sheet lamination
glitches - VAT Photopolymerization
o This uses a vat of liquid
6. Removal
photopolymer resin, out of
• Once the AM machine has which the model is constructed
completed the build, the parts layer by layer. An ultraviolet
must be removed. This may (UV) light is used to cure or
require interaction with the harden the resin where
machine, which may have safety required, while a platform moves
interlocks to ensure for example the object being made
that the operating temperatures downwards after each new layer
are sufficiently low or that there are is cured.
no actively moving parts. - Material Extrusion
 o The material is drawn through
a nozzle, heated, and then
deposited in a continuous
stream.
o This nozzle moves along
horizontally, and the platform
moves up, down, and vertically.
This is how the layers are
created.
Introduction to AM Materials
- The materials used for 3D printing
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF 3D
are as diverse as the products Modeling
that result from the process. The
different materials in 3D printing
enable you to create parts with the
desired mechanical properties,
functional characteristics, and
looks.

• plastic
• resin 3D scanning
• metal • a process of collecting 3D data of an
• powder object's shape and appearance

• carbon fiber CAD (Computer-Aided Design)

• graphene • Involves any type of design activity,

which makes use of the computer to
• nitinol develop, analyze, or modify an engineering
design.
• paper
AM Materials
PLASTICS
There are to main types of plastics:
• Thermoplastics - main feature is their
ability to go through numerous melt and
solidification cycles
• Thermosetting plastics - remain in a
permanent solid state after curing
Professions that mostly use CAD
Software’s
• Architects
• Civil Engineers
• Construction Professionals
• Mechanical Engineers
• Manufacturers
• Car Designers
• Animators
• Game Developers
TINKERCAD
• Tinker cad is a free web app for 3D
design, electronics, and coding.
• www.tinkercad.com

Limitations of Tinkercad
1. Limited shapes to choose from
2. Free drawing can't be done
3. Website can be slow at times