Maharashtra State Board

Class X Science and Technology Paper II

Board Paper -2018

Time: 2 hrs Max. Marks: 40

Note:
i. All questions are compulsory.
ii. Draw well-labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

1. (A)
(a) Rewrite the following statements with suitable words in the blanks:
[2]
(i) There are ___________ pairs of chromosomes in humans being.
(ii) ____________ is a functional group of alcohol.

(b) State whether the following statements are true or false: [2]
(i) There are two sets of chromosomes in zygote.
(ii) All animals and fungi autotrophs.

(c) Find the odd one out [1]

Amoeba, Euglena, Planaria, Paramoecium

(B) Rewrite the following statements by choosing the correct alternatives:

[5]
1. Acetic acid ____________.
(a) is insoluble in water
(b) turns blue litmus red
(c) is pale yellow in colour
(d) none of the above

2. ____________ type of reproduction occurs in Hydra.

(a) Binary fission
(b) Multiple fission
(c) Budding
(d) Fragmentation

3. Solution of aluminium sulphate in water is___________

(a) Green
(b) Colourless
(c) Pink
(d) Blue
 4. Reaction of iron nail with copper sulphate solution is ____________
reaction.
(a) Combination
(b) Displacement
(c) Double displacement
(d) Decomposition

5. The loss of water in the form of water vapour through stomata on leaves is
known as ____________.
(a) Distillation
(b) Diffusion
(c) Osmosis
(d) Transpiration

2. Answer the following questions (any five) : [10]

1. Name four plant hormones.
2. Why are metals used for making cooking vessels?
3. Suggest control measures of noise pollution.
4. What are alloys? Give two examples.
5. Classify the following as voluntary actions and involuntary actions:
Sneezing, throwing ball, heart beats, writing.
6. Name any four life processes in living things.

3. Answer the following questions (any five) : [15]

1. Population explosion is the root cause for depletion of natural resources.
Explain.
2. Human tail bone is a vestigial organ. Explain.
3. What is anodising? Give its applications.
4. Write the changes that occur in the age group 11 to 21 years in boys.
5. Name different types of neurons and give one function of each.
6. How is sex determined in the human beings?

4. Answer any one of the following questions : [5]

1. What are covalent compounds? Write any three features and give two
examples.
2. Draw well labelled diagram of human excretory system. Write the functions of:
(a) Kidney
(b) Ureter
(c) Urinary bladder
 Maharashtra State Board
Class X Science and Technology Paper I
Board Paper – 2017 Solution

1.
(A)
(a)
(i) Sugar
Camphor, ammonium chloride, naphthalene balls are volatile, while
sugar is a non-volatile substance.
(ii) Methyl orange
Turmeric, rose petals and beetroot are natural indicators, while methyl
orange is a synthetic indicator.

(b)

Column I Column II
(i) Myopia (c) Converging power of the eye
lens becomes high
(ii) Hypermetropia (a) Converging power of the eye
lens becomes low

(c)
To increase the effective resistance in a circuit, the resistors are
connected in series.

(B)
(1) (d) decomposition
In decomposition reactions, one compound breaks down (or decomposes)
to form two or more products. When calcium carbonate is heated, it forms
calcium oxide and releases carbon dioxide.

(2) (d) greenish yellow

The colour of the universal indicator solution is greenish yellow.

(3) (b) 10 cm
The height of the image formed by a plane is always equal to the height of
the object placed before it.

(4) (b) Decreases

According to Ohm’s law, resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional
to the current flowing through it.
 (5) (c) CO2
Carbon dioxide passed into limewater gives a milky solution.
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

2.
(1) Application of baking soda:
 Used as an antacid to remove acidity of the stomach
 Used in soda-acid fire extinguishers

(2) The path along which a unit North Pole moves in a magnetic field is called a
magnetic line of force.
Properties of magnetic lines of force: (any two)
(i) Magnetic lines of force (or magnetic field lines) are closed
continuous curves. They start from the North Pole and end at the
South Pole.
(ii) The tangent at any point on a magnetic line of force gives the
direction of the magnetic field at that point.
(iii) No two magnetic lines of force can intersect each other.
(iv) Magnetic lines of force are crowded where the magnetic field is
strong, and they are far from each other where the field is weak.

(3)
Normal Elements Transition Elements
Elements belonging to groups 1 Elements belonging to groups 3 to
and 2, and 13 to 17 are called 12 are called transition elements.
normal elements.
In these elements, all the inner In these elements, the outermost
shells are completely filled except shell and next to the outermost
the outermost shells. shell (penultimate shell) are
incomplete.
 (4)
Natural sources of water Man-made sources of water
pollution pollution
Dead animals Domestic waste
Ashes released due to forest fires Oil spills

(5)
Given :Converging lens, f  10 cm and u  20cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1 1
  
v f u
1 1 1 1 1
    
v 10  20  10 20
1 1
 
v 20 cm
 v  20 cm

(6) When a ray of light is incident on extremely small particles, the particles
deflect the light in different directions. This phenomenon is called scattering
of light.

3.
(1) When the surface of a metal is attacked by air, moisture or any other
substance around it, the metal is said to corrode and the phenomenon is
known as corrosion.
Iron reacts with moist air to acquire a coating of brown flaky substance
called rust.
Rust is hydrated iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3.xH2O).

(2)
Instrument Number of Use
convex lenses
Simple microscope 1 Used by watch repairers to
view tiny watch parts
Compound microscope 2 Used for observing tiny cells
and tissues in the body
Telescope 2 Used to view faraway
objects in outer space
(3)
(a) In case we are exposed to exhaust fumes in traffic, we should
immediately cover our nose with a handkerchief and move away from the
polluted area. We could also request vehicle owners to take the pollution
under control (PUC) test for their vehicles to avoid air pollution owing to
exhaust fumes.
(b) When we are exposed to a series of bursting firecrackers with high
decibel levels, we should immediately cover our ears. This will protect our
ears from the internal damage caused by the intense sound. In case the
firecrackers are burst in a silence zone, we will immediately report the
situation to a nearby police station so that strict action can be taken.
Lighting of such firecrackers causes air pollution and contributes to noise
pollution.
(c) If we get turbid water during monsoon, we should first make the water
potable by stirring it with alum. Alum allows the impurities to settle
leaving pure water on the top. Alternatively, we can make the water
potable by passing the water through candle filters or electric filters. This
not only makes the water potable but also removes water-borne
pathogens, thereby preventing water-borne diseases.

(4) DC Motor:

Uses of DC Motor:
(1) It is used in domestic appliances such as mixer, blender and washing
machine.
(2) It is used in electric fans, hair dryers and tape recorders.
 (5) Demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table:
 Hydrogen resembles alkali metals and halogens. So, a correct position
could not be assigned to hydrogen in the periodic table.
 The position of isotopes could not be explained. Isotopes are atoms of the
same element with similar chemical properties but different atomic
masses. If the elements are arranged according to atomic masses, the
isotopes should be placed in different groups of the periodic table.
 At certain places, an element of higher atomic mass has been placed
before an element of lower atomic mass.
Example: Cobalt (Co = 58.93) is placed before nickel (Ni = 58.71).

(6)
(a) Wire crossing:

Use: To cross wires without any joints in the circuit.

(b) Rheostat:

Use: To change the current in the circuit.

(c) Ammeter:

Use: To measure the current in the circuit.

4.

(A) Expression for heat produced in a conductor by using Joule's experiment:

(i) Refraction occurs twice, once at Point N and the second time at Point M.
(ii) Air is rarer than glass. So, when light passes from the rarer medium to the
denser medium, it bends towards the normal.
(iii) When light passes from the denser (glass) medium to the rarer (air)
medium, it bends away from the normal.
(iv) Ray AB is called the incident ray, and ray CD is called the emergent ray.
(v) Refraction of light is the phenomenon of change in the direction of
propagation of light when it passes obliquely from one transparent medium
to another.
(B)
(a) The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length l and
inversely proportional to its area of cross-section A.
1
R  l and R 
A
l
R 
A
l
R  
A
where  is the proportionality constant and is called the resistivity of the
material of the conductor.
Rearranging the above equation,
RA

l
This is the expression for resistivity.
The SI unit of resistivity is ohm-metre (.m).

(b) A current will be induced in Coil B. When there is a change in the current in
Coil A, a magnetic field is associated with it. This induces a potential
difference between the two coils which gives rise to a current in Coil B. This
change can be noted by observing the deflection in the galvanometer.