http://www.block.arch.ethz.

ch/eq/ 1

Structural Design I
Philippe Block · Joseph Schwartz
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Equilibrium Graphic Statics

1. Introduction 2. Dimensioning 3. Cables 4. Arches 5. Arch-cable-structures 6. Trusses

Structural Design I
Structural Design II

7. Beams 8. Frames 9. Bracing 10. Bending 11. Spatial structures

Membranes & shells Columns

Course overview
 3

Equilibrium Graphic Statics

1. Introduction 2. Dimensioning 3. Cables 4. Arches 5. Arch-cable-structures 6. Trusses

Structural Design I
Structural Design II

7. Beams 8. Frames 9. Bracing 10. Bending 11. Spatial structures

Membranes & shells Columns

Course overview
 4

Equilibrium and graphic statics

>> The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
The graphic statics 5

Karl Culmann, Die graphische Statik, S. 465

The graphic statics 6

Karl Culmann, Die graphische Statik, S. 556

The graphic statics 7

Karl Culmann Luigi Cremona Karl-Wilhelm Ritter

1821 - 1881 1830 - 1903 1847-1905
 8

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

>> Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Forces 9

Magnitude of
force

60 kN

Point of application of
force
Direction of force
Forces 10

m2

m1

Gravity
Forces 11

G Q

Types of loads
Forces 12

Q
G

Types of loads
Forces 13

Types of loads
Forces 14

Types of loads
Forces 15

Types of loads
Forces 16

Types of loads
 17

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
>> Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Equilibrium of two forces 18

Actio = Reactio
Equilibrium of two forces 19

Subsystem Form diagram in Force diagram

Subsystem
Equilibrium of two forces 20

Form diagram Force diagram

Translation
Equilibrium of two forces 21

Form diagram Force diagram

 22

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
>> Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Resultant of two forces 23
Resultant of two forces 24
Resultant of two forces 25
Resultant of two forces 26

Form diagram Form diagram Force diagram

Q Q

G
R
G R
Resultant of two forces 27

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

Action line?
Resultant of two forces 28

Force diagram

F2

F1
R

a
b F2

R F1

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 29

Force diagram β
a F2
b
α

F2 α

F2 β
α
β

R R F1
a
F1 F1 β

R
b α

a
F2
b F2
a
b
R F1
F1

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 30

Force diagram β
a F2
b
α

F2 α
F2
F2 β
α
β

R R F1
a
F1 F1 β
F1
R
b α

a F2
F2
b F2 a
a
b b
R F1 F1
F1

Form diagram
Resultant of two forces 31
Resultant of two forces 32

Form diagram Force diagram

F2

F1
Resultant of two forces 33

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1
Resultant of two forces 34

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2

F1

R
1 F2
o' 2
R
F1
3
Resultant of two forces 35

Form diagram Force diagram

F2
F2
F1
R
F1

3
1
2

F2
1 F2
F1 o' 2
R
R F1
3
 36

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
>> Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces 37

Resultant

R
Q

Form diagrams

G R

Force diagrams
Equilibrium of a set of forces 38

Resultant Equilibrium

R R
Q

G A
Form diagrams

A
G R R

Force diagrams
Equilibrium of a set of forces 39

Resultant Equilibrium Equilibrium direct

R R
Q Q

G A A G
Form diagrams

Q Q

A
G R G A
R

Force diagrams
 40

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
>> Resultant of a set of forces
Internal forces
Resultant of a set of forces 41

with common point no common point

(concurrent) (nonconcurrent)
Resultant of a set of forces 42

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
R 1-2

F1
R 1-2

F2

F1 F2
F3
Resultant of a set of forces 43

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
R 1-2

F1
R 1-2

F2

F1 F2
F3

R 1-2

F3

R 1-2-3 = R
Resultant of a set of forces 44

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

F2
F3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 45

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

F2
F3
R 12
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 46

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

F2 F3
F1

1 F2
F3 o' 2
R 12
3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 47

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

3 2 1

F2 F3
F1

R 12 1 F2
F3 o' 2
R 12
3
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 48

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 49

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 50

Form diagram
Scale 1 : 100
Resultant of a set of forces 51

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 52

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 53

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 54

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 55

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN
Resultant of a set of forces 56

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

R 1-2
4

3 2
2
o'
F1 F2 3 F2
R 1-2
4
F1
Resultant of a set of forces 57

Form diagram Force diagram

Scale 1 : 100 Scale 1 cm = 1 kN

R 1-2 F3
4 1 1

3 2
2 R
o'
F1 F3 F2
F2 3

R 1-2
4
F1

R
Resultant of a set of forces 58

eQ:  Resultant of non-concurrent forces

http:/ www.block.arch.ethz.ch/eq/drawing/view/4
Internal forces 59

Equilibrium and graphic statics

The graphic statics

Forces
Equilibrium of two forces
Resultant of two forces
Equilibrium of a set of forces
Resultant of a set of forces
>> Internal forces
Internal forces 60

G A

G
Internal forces 61

A
N A

N N G A

G N

G
Internal forces 62

A
N

N N N

N
N

N N

N
N

N N

G
N
Internal forces 63

G A

A
Internal forces 64

G
G N

N N G A

N A

A
Internal forces 65

G
N

N N

N
N
N

N N

N N

N
N N

A N
Internal forces 66
Internal forces 67

Form diagram / Subsystem Force diagram