Marks Education

ACT Math Formulas

Geometry Coordinate Geometry
Vertical angles are congruent: ÐA @ ÐC and Slope–intercept form of line: y = mx + b
A ÐB @ ÐD. To find the y–intercept of a
D B Adjacent angles are supplementary: ÐA and ÐB Set x = 0, solve for y.
C line:
are supplementary, ÐA and ÐD are To find the x–intercept of a
supplementary. Set y = 0, solve for x.
line:
A B
For parallel lines m and n: Slope of a horizontal line = 0
m
C D ÐA @ ÐD @ ÐE @ ÐH and Slope of a vertical line is undefined.
ÐB @ ÐC @ ÐF @ ÐG . y - y1
E F n Slope formula: m = 2 Parallel lines have the same slope.
G H ÐA is supplementary to ÐB, ÐC , ÐF , and ÐG . x2 - x1
Perpendicular lines have negative
Polygons reciprocal slopes, e.g. 2 and –½
y1 + y2
Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides is ( n - 2)180° Midpoint Formula: xm = x1 + x2 , ym =
2 2
Measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon ( n - 2)180°
with n sides is Distance Formula: d = ( x2 - x1 )2 + ( y2 - y1 )2
n
Triangle Rectangle ( x - h)2 + ( y - k )2 = r 2
Equation of a circle in the
h Area: A = 12 hb  Area: A = w Center (h, k)
coordinate system:
Perimeter: Radius r
w
b P = 2 + 2w Given the point (x, y), reflecting it across:
Square Parallelogram the x-axis yields: (x, –y)
Area: A = s 2 h Area of a A = bh the y-axis yields: (–x, y)
s
Perimeter: the origin yields: (–x, –y)
P = 4s b

b1
Trapezoid Right Circular Quadratics
Area r Cylinder
h h ( x + y )2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ïü
b +b Volume V = p r 2 h
b2 A= 1 2 h ý The perfect square formulas
2 ( x - y )2 = x 2 - 2 xy + y 2 ïþ
d c
Rectangular Solid x 2 - y 2 = ( x + y )( x - y )} The difference of two squares
Volume: V = abc
FOIL = First Outside Inside Last
Surface area A = 2 ab + 2 ac + 2 bc
b ( a + b )(c + d ) = ac
 + ad
 + bc
 + bd

a Longest diagonal: d = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 First Outer Inner Last

Right Triangles Quadratic Formula

The roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 are x = -b ± b - 4 ac

2
Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2
Pythagorean Triples: {3, 4, 5}, {5, 12, 13}, {8, 15, 17}, … 2a
30-60-90 triangle 45-45-90 triangle Parabolas
Standard form of a parabola: y = ax 2 + bx + c
a 60° 2a
a 45° a 2 Vertex form of a parabola with vertex (h, k): y = a( x - h)2 + k
30° 45°
a 3 a
Percents
General Triangles
is = %
Third side of a triangle rule: a + b > c where c is the longest side. Percent of:
of 100
A triangle is obtuse if a 2 + b 2 < c 2 where c is the longest side.
Percent new = 100 + % Percent less new = 100 - %
A triangle is acute if a 2 + b 2 > c 2 where c is the longest side. greater than: original 100 than: original 100
Circles
r Circumference C = 2p r Inscribed and Central Angles Exponent Rules
Area A = p r 2 mÐAPB = 12 mÐAOB
a - x = 1x (a )
y
If AB is a diameter, then APB is a a0 = 1 x
= a xy a x b x = ( ab )x
a
right triangle.
a x = a x- y
length of arc angle A P a x a y = a x+ y a1/x = x a
= ay
2p r 360° m
O
P 2m A B
area of sector = angle O
pr2 360° B
 Marks Education
ACT Math Formulas
Series and Sequences Trigonometry
Arithmetic Sequences SOH–CAH–TOA Inverses
nth term in the sequence: an = a1 + ( n - 1)d opposite
sinq = x = sinq Û q = sin-1 ( x )
First term a1 Common difference d hypotenuse
Sum of first n terms Sn = ( a1 + an ) n cosq =
adjacent
x = cosq Û q = cos-1 ( x )
2 hypotenuse
Geometric Sequences opposite
nth term in the sequence: an = a1r n-1 tan q = x = tanq Û q = tan-1 ( x )
adjacent
First term a1 Common ratio r
Important identities tan x = sin x sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1
cos x
Statistics
Law of Sines sin A = sin B = C
sin
Average sum of things
average = a b c
number of things Law of Cosines c = a + b - 2 ab cos C
2 2 2

Median The middle number (or average of the two middles)

of an ordered set of numbers
Number Terms
Mode The number which occurs most often in a set of
Digit the numbers 0–9
numbers
Integer any whole number, whether positive, negative, or zero
Standard Measurement of how spread out numbers are from
Deviation the middle of a set Multiple an integer that is divisible by the integer n
(of integer n) e.g. 4, 8, 12, and 16 are all multiples of 4
Expected Value The weighted average of a set
Factors integers by which n is divisible
(of integer n) e.g. the positive factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6
Probability a positive integer with precisely two factors: the
Probability = successful outcomes or P ( A ) = s Prime number number itself and 1.
total possible outcomes n NOTE neither 0 nor 1 is prime.
If a problem uses the word or between two possible outcomes, you must numbers (e.g. integers, or primes) that follow one
Consecutive
add the probabilities. another in order
numbers
Example: e.g. 16, 18, and 20 are consecutive even integers
The probability of rolling a 1 on a standard die is 1/6. any number that can be expressed on a number line
The probability of rolling a 3 on a standard die is 1/6. Real number
(whether rational or irrational)
The probability of rolling a 1 or a 3 on a standard die is 1/6+1/6=1/3. the number left over when one integer is divided by
If a problem uses the word and between two events, you must multiply Remainder another
the two probabilities. e.g. the remainder when 17 is divided by 3 is 2
Example: a number which indicates how many times another
The probability of rolling a 1 on a standard die is 1/6. Exponent
number is multiplied by itself
The probability of getting heads on a fair coin is 1/2.
a number which is multiplied by itself a number of
The probability of rolling a 1 and getting heads is (1/6)(1/2)=1/12. (nth) Root (of p)
times n to produce p (e.g. 4 is the third root of 64)
an ordered set of quantities
Arrangements, Permutations, and Combinations Sequence
e.g. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, … is the Fibonacci Sequence
Arrangements Multiply the numbers of choices for independent a collection of distinct elements, often depicted within
events (using slots) Set brackets. e.g. the set A = {0, 1, 2, 4} consists of the
Factorial (!) the product of every integer from n down to 1. elements 0, 1, 2, and 4
e.g. 5! = 5 ´ 4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´ 1
Permutation truncated factorial, used when order matters:
e.g. 7 P3 = 7 ´ 6 ´ 5
Combination altered permutation, used when order doesn’t matter:
e.g. 7 C3 = 7 3 = 7 ´ 6 ´ 5
P
3! 3 ´ 2 ´ 1