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MULTI-OBJECTIVES USING ARDUINO FOR PROGRAMMING THE ELECTRICAL

CONTROL SYSTEMS, AN OVERVIEW

Conference Paper · August 2021

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 EUROASIA SUMMIT
Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
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MULTI-OBJECTIVES USING ARDUINO FOR PROGRAMMING THE ELECTRICAL

CONTROL SYSTEMS, AN OVERVIEW

Sami Abdou Atta

Senior Projects Manager, Alfanar Company, Saudi Arabia.

Ahmed Sami Atta

Electrical Power System Control Programmer, Saudi Arabia.

Amer Nasr A. Elghaffar

Project Manager, Alfanar Engineering Service, Alfanar Company, Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the electrical power system is considered the main driver of the world economy. Due
to the increase of the living standard, it’s important to search for utilizing the new power
electronic techniques with developing the software of the electronic circuits which directly
increase the production and reaching to the optimum quality. Arduino controller is a new
programmer and simple techniques to be used for programming the control system with a high
accuracy level of the simple control circuits. Arduino is a part of the Microcontroller, which is
open-source to uses with hundreds and thousands of projects. Additionally, Arduino has CPU,
RAM, ROM, Clock, Timers, Interrupts, and GPIOs on a single chip and is capable of doing
various operations at a time. Hence, it is the best choice for beginners’ programmers to start
learning about microcontrollers and electronics. The goal of Arduino is to create an accessible
way for software developers to enter the world of microcontroller programming. This paper
discusses the Arduino controller, with highlights about the advantages and disadvantages of
using the Arduino for programing the electrical control system.
Keywords: Arduino, Electrical power system, Smart controller, and Advanced control
techniques.

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 EUROASIA SUMMIT
Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
Full Text Book

1. Introduction

Electricity is the main driver of the world economy and it is a clear indication of community
prosperity. The power system reliability, security, quality, and adequacy are the main challenge
in all modern studies in this issue [1]. The utility grid is operates depending on the generation
system that can be different ways as conventional generation or renewable or compound between
renewable and conventional system. Hence, it's important to search for new technologies to save
the system that is reliable and under controlling to reach the satisfaction of the consumers. The
links points in the grid are called the substations that can convert the voltage to the required
value through the transformation and/or the routing of energy [2]. Electronic Circuits deal with
electronic signals which as the same implies are based on the movement of electrons. Electrons
are the fundamental particles of all atoms and every material contains them. Different real-world
events or interactions between physical objects also affect the electrons in them. Electronic
circuits help detect, measure and manipulate these electronic signals so we can use them to help
us make our lives better [3]. Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a
simple input/output (I/O) board and a development environment that implements the Processing
language. Arduino can be used to develop standalone interactive objects or can be connected to
software on computer (such as Flash, Processing, VVVV, or Max/MSP). The boards can be
assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) [4]. Arduino is a platform built on Atmel's AVR series microcontrollers,
facilitating the prototyping phase, with connectors for additional extensions and add-ons called
shields that can be attached to these connectors. Arduino UNO is a low cost, smart and can be
used for developing small circuits using electrical components. Through the digital and analog
input/output pins, the hardware components are bonded to the Arduino. Figure 2 shows the
Arduino UNO controller [5]. This paper discusses the Arduino controller, with highlights about
the advantages and disadvantages of using the Arduino for programing the electrical control
system.

2. Arduino Layout

Arduino is a microcontroller-based device that can be used to control digital and analog
electronics, it can be programmed to do many different tasks that typically work with logic,

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 EUROASIA SUMMIT
Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
Full Text Book

so dealing with an Arduino is so easy. Arduino board can be programmed via USB cable using
C++ programming language. A microcontroller is a microchip that can be programed to do many
tasks, the microcontroller that Arduino has is ATmega328p. Arduino has CPU, RAM, ROM,
Clock, Timers, Interrupts, and GPIOs on a single chip and is capable of doing various operations
at a time. Hence, it is the best choice for beginners’ programmers to start learning about
microcontrollers and electronics. The goal of Arduino is to create an accessible way for software
developers to enter the world of microcontroller programming.

Figure 1. Arduino layout with identification parts.

3. Programming Arduino

There are currently several universities where Arduino is being used as a resource in those
classes dedicated to embedded systems. Programming was once considered an activity reserved
for some people of above-average talent and intelligence, elected by the gods of mathematics.
This vision is changing, and the activity of programming is becoming more and more present,
especially after the explosion of the Internet in general and the internet of things (IoT). This is
largely thanks to programmable devices like Arduino, which offer us a development platform
that makes programming so easy that even those who never thought they could do so can

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 EUROASIA SUMMIT
Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
Full Text Book

succeed. Arduino IDE 2.0 beta(2.0.0-beta.10) is the simple software to be used for
programming the Arduino logic. The new major release of the Arduino IDE is faster and
even more powerful! In addition to a more modern editor and a more responsive interface it
features autocompletion, code navigation, and even a live debugger. Note: this software is
still in beta status, which means that it’s almost complete but there might be minor issues [6].

Figure 2. Connection between the PC and Arduino.

Figure 3. Using software to program the Arduino

4. Advantage and Disadvantage of Arduino.

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Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
Full Text Book

In last years’ the use of Arduino increases exponentially due to its readability and easiness.
But the point to think is whether the use of Arduino is in favor of engineers or not [7]. There are
some advantages and disadvantages of using Arduino.

4.1 Advantage of using Arduino.

• It is cheap.
• It comes with an open supply hardware feature that permits users to develop their own kit
• The software of the Arduino is well-suited with all kinds of in operation systems like
Linux, Windows, and Macintosh, etc.
• It also comes with open supply software system feature that permits tough software
system developers to use the Arduino code to merge with the prevailing programing
language libraries and may be extended and changed.
• For beginners, it is very simple to use.

4.2 Disadvantage of using Arduino.

• Arduino shields away a lot of complexity which is an advantage to get started, but limits
you later. It also makes understanding how certain things work more difficult, but that's
inevitable.
• Arduino libraries are not very efficient in certain parts and waste RAM and CPU cycles.
• Sketches and shields are difficult to modify.
• No debugger included for checking scripts.
• You get no experience of C or professional development tools.
• Arduino is very limited and can’t to uses with the multi-circuits system.

5. Conclusion

Nowadays, the electrical power system has become more complex due to extension and
increasing of power demand. Hence, it's important to save the stable system. By using the
suitable control system for enhancing the power system quality to save the system in the safe
operation and control. Arduino is electronics prototyping system designed to simplify
microcontroller projects. The idea is to create these projects without having to know much about

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 EUROASIA SUMMIT
Congress on Scientific Researches and Recent Trends-8
August 2-4, 2021/ The Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Philippines
Full Text Book

microcontrollers or programming, microcontrollers for dummies is one way of describing

Arduino. It consists of a simple base board that has the microcontroller and its support
circuitry with connectors to connect to plug in modules and a USB interface to download
code from the PC. Finally, its recommended to the beginners’ programmer to learn and use
the Arduino which will be the first step to work with the PLC for a high electrical system.
References

1. Eltamaly AM, Sayed Y, El-Sayed AHM, Elghaffar AA. Adaptive static synchronous
compensation techniques with the transmission system for optimum voltage control. Ain
Shams Eng J, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.06.002
2. Y. Sayed, Adel Abd Elbaset and Amer Nasr A. Elghaffar. IEC 61850 Communication
Protocol with the Protection and Control Numerical Relays for Optimum Substation
Automation System. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13(2), May
2020. DOI: 10.25103/jestr.132.01.
3. Online website available: https://www.quora.com/Why-are-electronic-circuits-important
4. Massimo Banzi. Get Starting with Arduino. Book-Second edition, www.it-ebooks.info
5. Erhan ERSOY. Arduino based design and control of railway revolving bridge. III.
International Turkic World Congress on Science and Engineering, Niğde – Turkey, 14-15
June 2021.
6. Online website available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
7. Online website available: https://engineerexperiences.com/advantages-and-
disadvatages.html

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