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Human Development (2)

India's Human Development Index (HDI) score improved from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.644 in 2022-23, reflecting a 45.9% increase in human development over three decades. Despite this progress, India faces challenges in gender inequality, literacy, and other key indicators, lagging behind neighboring countries. The UN report indicates India as the most populous country, yet low human resource development hampers social and economic advancement.

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12 views2 pages

Human Development (2)

India's Human Development Index (HDI) score improved from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.644 in 2022-23, reflecting a 45.9% increase in human development over three decades. Despite this progress, India faces challenges in gender inequality, literacy, and other key indicators, lagging behind neighboring countries. The UN report indicates India as the most populous country, yet low human resource development hampers social and economic advancement.

Uploaded by

recreateyou1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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India's HDI score from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.

644 in 2022-23 with an


average annual growth rate of 1. 22% . India's human development during
these three decades increased by 45.9% . life expectancy has increased from
57.9 years to 67.2 years i.e. 8.6 years growth in every year . Per capita income
increased from 1787 $ to 6590 $ i.e. 268. 1 % growth has been recorded.

on the other hand, India is lagging behind in terms of gender inequality index,
gender development index, motherhood, infant mortality rate, literacy etc.
which are considered as the most important indicators of human
development. India's neighboring small countries like Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan
Myanmar are ahead of India in human development.

According to the UN Population One Fund's Set of World Population One 2024
report, India is the most populous country in the world, with 144.17 cr. The
report predicts that by 2060, India's population will reach 1,7 billion. But it is
noteworthy that in a country that has a huge amount of human resources,
human development is lagging behind. In a country with a high demographic
dividend and a high youth population, low human resource development is an
antidote to social and economic progress.

Human Development - definition

The HDI is a composite statistical measure created by the United


Nations Development Programme to evaluate and compare the level of
human development in different regions around the world.
It was introduced in 1990 as an alternative to conventional
economic measures such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which do
not consider the broader aspects of human development.
The HDI assesses a country’s average accomplishment in three
aspects: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of
living.
Map
NDP annually publishes a report called the Head Index to assess the
performance of various countries in human resource development
around the world. It includes three pillars: long-term healthy living,
knowledge and a dignified standard of living.
Map

However, social and economic opportunities are not increasing for the
growing population, and their problems such as poverty,
unemployment, gender inequalities and low skills are increasing and
limiting the development of Indian human resources. India ranked
116th in HDI in 1990 and will be ranked 134th by 2023-24, indicating
low human development in the country.
Little human development since time immemorial
The British who ruled India for about 2 centuries before independence,
the country was financially exploited by their selfish economic policies.
In the same way Indians are also neglected with severe poverty,
underemployment and discriminations like minimum standard of
living. Human development has been completely disrupted by
centuries of famines, wars, insurgencies, food shortages, agricultural
crises and the destruction of cottage industries.
But after independence, human development was neglected as the
government initially focused on agriculture, irrigation and industrial
development in order to realign the Indian economy. However, after 5,
6 five years planning was suppressed, the focus on issues like poverty
and unemployment increased. Government focus on human
development has increased since the 8th Five Year Plan.
As a result of the economic reforms of 1990-91, with the onset of
globalization, concepts like sustainable development and inclusive
development gained popularity. As a result, since the 11th & 12th Five
Years period, Central and State Governments have been implementing
welfare and development agendas in the country, giving priority to the
concepts of inclusive and sustainable development. As a result some
positive progress is seen in human development.

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