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ADAPTIVE TEACHING GUIDE

Most Essential Topic #4: Characteristics of Normal Random Variable

Lesson # 1: Introduction to Normal Random Variable

Prerequisite Content Knowledge: Recall concepts on Mean, standard deviation/ Concepts on continuous random variable

Prerequisite Skill: Constructing a histogram

Online Worksheet – Computing for the Mean, SD, &

Printed Worksheet – Computing for the Mean, SD, & Variance, and
Variance, and interpreting the values solved (only 1-2
interpreting the values solved (only 1-2 items).
items).
Find the mean, standard deviation, and variance in the sample data set given below:

1. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31

2. 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135

Prerequisite Assessment:
What does these numbers (mean, SD, & Variance) mean?

-Answer Key-
1. 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31
Mean: 21.0
SD: 7.48
Variance: 56.0
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2. 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135
Mean: 120.0
SD: 10.80
Variance: 116.67
Pre–lesson Remediation Activity
For Students with Insufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or For Students with Fairly Sufficient Level on Prerequisite Content-knowledge
Skill(s) and/or Skill(s)
Video tutorials (or reading materials) on how to solve the mean, standard deviation
and variance of random variables and of data sets, highlighting its concept and
importance in statistics.

Suggested readings:
Descriptive Statistics by Adam Hayes
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/descriptive_statistics.asp
For online students, they will engage themselves in a think-pair-share activity guided by
Suggested video lectures:
the teacher.
Statistics – Numerical Summaries of Data – Qualitative Data and the Measures
of Central Tendency by Chard Aye Alova
For the modular students, they will be given a journal to work out and write their
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOzHnaoi0K0&t=768s
thoughts and understanding about the importance of the descriptive measures (central
Statistics – Numerical Summaries of Data – Measures of Variation / Variability /
tendency and variability) in Statistics.
Dispersion by Chard Aye Alova
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlGo96IrEDo

Statistics – On Using Jamovi – Finding the Descriptives such as the Mean,

Median, Mode by Chard Aye Alova
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aputFhlyodI&t=794s

Introduction
The students will learn the concepts of normality (averages), to understand what it means to be ‘normal’ in statistical sense. After which, these concepts will be applied in
problems in the future lesson. This lesson will be beneficial in completing their performance task specifically when they reach inferential statistics and when they will be
introduced the assumptions of parametric (and nonparametric) tests. In this lesson, the students will be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills in data analysis. This
lesson is expected to be accomplished in an hour. The teacher can be contacted via [LMS] or thru this e-mail xxxxx@xxxx.edu.ph or via this mobile number [09xx-xxx-xxxx].
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Student’s Experiential Learning

For students without internet
Chunk 1 Formative Question For students with internet connectivity
connectivity
Give examples of normal variables? Online lesson presentation (PPT presentation, Offline lesson presentation (Modular
Why do you think that these are ‘normal’? video lectures and/or other platforms). and/or flash drive soft copies).
Chunk 1 Introduction to the Concept of Normality
Introduction

The normal distribution is perhaps the most widely used and known probability distribution. In many ways, it is considered as the
cornerstone of modern statistics.

It describes many sets of quantitative data such as some of the human features which include height, weight, IQ level, blood pressure,
marks on a test, among others. Living things in have characteristics that can also be modeled with the normal distribution such as the
lifespan of insects and the growth of crops.

It is often called a "Bell Curve" because it looks like a bell.

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It manifests a statistical fact of life: that people, things, and events tend to gravitate around the normal.

Normality connotes the average in ability, intelligence, size, emotional traits, and personality.
In plain language, most people and things are mediocre and are embraced in the mean class.

A few are exceptionally bright and about as few are very inferior. The rest are wedged in between the distinct classes.

Brief History

1733. Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754) developed the mathematical equation of the normal curve but his work went unnoticed.

1809. Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) who also derived its equation of the normal distribution from a study of errors in repeated
measurements (Gauss’ Law of Error).
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Suggested readings:
Normal Distribution | Examples, Formulas, & Uses by Scribbr
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/normal-distribution/

Suggested video lectures:

The Normal Distribution, Clearly Explained!!! by StatQuest with Josh Starmer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzFX5NWojp0
For students without internet
Chunk 2 Formative Question For students with internet connectivity
connectivity
Recall the characteristics of normal variable. How important is the mean and standard Online lesson presentation (PPT presentation, Offline lesson presentation (Modular
deviation in the normal distribution? video lectures and/or other platforms). and/or flash drive soft copies).
Chunk 2 Characteristics of a Normal Distribution
Formal Definition

Definition. A continuous random variable 𝑋 has a normal distribution with a mean 𝜇(location parameter) and a standard deviation 𝜎(scale
parameter) if its probability distribution function is in the form

1 1
− 2 (𝑥−𝜇)2
𝑓 (𝑋 ) = 𝑒 2𝜎
𝜎√2𝜋
where 𝑥, 𝜇 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝜎 > 0.
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Graph

The normal curve is shaped like the cross section of a bell and is centered at the mean (location parameter).

The standard deviation is the scale parameter. Remember that the standard deviation is a measure of how spread-out numbers are
from the mean.
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Properties and Characteristics of the Normal Distribution

1. The curve is symmetric about the mean 𝜇, which is the center of the distribution.
2. The curve in unimodal. This means that it has a unique mode where the center of the curve lies.
3. The mean=median=mode.
3. The curve is asymptotic to the horizontal axis.
4. The total area under the curve, bounded by the horizontal axis, is equal to 1. That is, 50% of values are less than the mean and 50%
of the values are greater than the mean.

Suggested reading:
Normal Distributions (Bell Curve): Definition, Word Problems by Statistics How To
https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/normal-distributions/

Suggested video lecture:

The Bell Curve (Normal/Gaussian Distribution) Explained in One Minute: From Definition to Examples by One Minute Economics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJzmb7hGmeM
Synthesis:

After this lesson, you have learned what a Normal Distribution is; some salient examples; its graph, that includes the location parameter (mean) and the scale parameter
(standard deviation); and its properties, such as its symmetry, unimodality, asymptotic to the x-axis, and that the total area = 1.
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RUA of a Student’s Learning

The students will be asked to provide one example of normal variable (if possible, provide the mean and/or standard deviation), and will be asked to interpret and explain how
such variable is normal, and they will be asked what realizations can be made from such activity. This will be via LMS as an assignment or journal entry, or any online platform
such as a blog, or a post for discussion, or a video blog (vlog) or a podcast if time allows (for students with internet connectivity); or thru the learning modules that may be in a
form of a journal entry, or a mathematical essay, or they may have it as an audio recording (for students without internet connectivity).

Post – lesson Remediation Activity

Reading materials, video lectures, and practice worksheets will be provided for students to understand more the concept of normality, and the normal distribution, and see more
advanced ideas anchored on the normal distribution and normality.

Suggested readings:
Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists (9th ed.) by Walpole, Myers, Myers, & Ye
https://www.academia.edu/48950313/Probability_and_Statistics_for_Engineers_and_Scientist_9th_Edition_by_Walpole_Mayers_Ye_

Suggested video lectures:

The Normal Distribution: Crash Course Statistics #19 by CrashCourse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBjft49MAO8