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Introduction To FDT

The document outlines a structured approach to data management, including the introduction of research objectives, significance, and methodology for data collection. It categorizes data types into nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, and discusses qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Additionally, it provides guidelines for organizing data using frequency distribution tables and examples of data analysis techniques.

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19 views25 pages

Introduction To FDT

The document outlines a structured approach to data management, including the introduction of research objectives, significance, and methodology for data collection. It categorizes data types into nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, and discusses qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Additionally, it provides guidelines for organizing data using frequency distribution tables and examples of data analysis techniques.

Uploaded by

luckttimo69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Section 2

Chapter 1
Data Management

Stephanie M. Trangia, M.S.


Math in the Modern World
Midterms
At the end of this Section…

Each group must be able to present a simple research paper.


Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objectives of the Study
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Chapter 2. Methodology

2.1 Research Locale


2.2 Statistical Tools
Chapter 3

3.1 Results and Discussion


3.2 Conclusion
Data collection

is the process of gathering and


measuring information about
variables on study in an
established systematic
procedure, which then enable to
answer relevant questions at
hand and evaluate outcomes.
Type of Data

•NOMINAL
•ORDINAL
•INTERVAL
•RATIO
NOMINAL

This scale is used for


classifying and labeling
variables without
quantitative value
ORDINAL

Ordinal scale can easily


be remembered
because it sounds like
order which matters in
ordinal scale. in this
scale, the values
between intervals don’t
have meaning.
INTERVAL

One problem with interval


scale, it don’t have a “true
zero”.
RATIO

Possesses the
characteristics of
nominal, ordinal, and
interval scale
Two Types of Data Collection Methods

• Qualitative Data Collection Method.


It produces results that are easy to
manipulate for interpretation. This uses
individual interviews, focus groups, and
observations.

• Quantitative Data Collection Method.


This is collected through direct interaction
with individuals on a one to one basis or direct
interaction with individuals in a group setting
that makes it time consuming and expensive.
Organizing Data

• Frequency Distribution Table


• Charts or Graphs
• Histogram
• Frequency Polygon
• Ogive
• Box-&-Whisker
FDT
Frequency Distribution Table
Guidelines for frequency tables:
1. Class intervals should not overlap. Classes are
mutually exclusive.
2. Classes should continue throughout the
distribution with NO gaps. Include all classes.
3. All classes should have the same width.
4. Class widths should be “convenient” numbers.
5. Use 5-20 classes.
6. Make lower or upper limits multiples of the
width.
Example Data Set:

Ms. Cathy’s Exam Scores

97 90 86 83 84 78 73 73 69
65 108 90 88 83 81 79 78 72
69 60 93 98 85 82 80 78 77
71 68 59 91 89 84 82 80 77
75 70 62 55 91 89 84 82 78
77 72 70 63 54 65 89 90 81
Solution:

1. Arrange
54 55 59 60 62 63 65 65 68
69 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 75
77 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 79
80 80 81 81 82 82 82 83 83
84 84 84 85 86 88 89 89 89
90 90 90 91 91 93 97 98 108
next
Solution:

2. Identify the range


R= Hv-Lv
R= 108-54
= 54

3. Solve for k Expected number of


classes
k= 1+3.322log54
= 6.76
4. Identify the c
c=54 / 6.76 Width of the
classes
= 7.99 or 8
Start with the Interval
lowest value
LL –UL
54- 61
54+8 62-69
62+8 70-77
70+8 78-85
86-93
94-101
102-109 Next, Identify
Class Boundaries
Interval Class Boundaries Class Midpoint

LL –UL LB - UB
54- 61 53.5-61.5 57.5
(54+61)/2
62-69 61.5-69.5 65.5
(62+69)/2
70-77 69.5-77.5 73.5
(70+77)/2
78-85 77.5-85.5 81.5
(78+85)/2
86-93 85.5-93.5 89.5
(86+93)/2
94-101 93.5-101.5 97.5
(94+101)/2
102-109 101.5-109.5 105.5 Next, tally
(102+109)/2
Interval Class Boundaries Tally
LL –UL LB - UB
54- 61 53.5-61.5 54, 55, 59, 60

62-69 61.5-69.5 62, 63, 65, 65, 68, 69, 69

70-77 69.5-77.5 70, 70, 71, 72, 72, 73, 75, 77, 77, 77, 77

78-85 77.5-85.5 78, 78, 78, 78, 79, 80, 80, 81, 81, 82, 82, 82, 83, 83,
84, 84, 84, 85
86-93 85.5-93.5 86, 88, 89, 89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 93

94-101 93.5-101.5 97, 98

102-109 101.5-109.5 108


Less than Greater than Relative
Interval Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative Cumulative Frequency
Frequency Frequency
LL –UL LB - UB f <cf >cf rf
54- 61 53.5-61.5 57.5 4

62-69 61.5-69.5 65.5 7

70-77 69.5-77.5 73.5 11

78-85 77.5-85.5 81.5 18

86-93 85.5-93.5 89.5 11

94-101 93.5-101.5 97.5 2

102-109 101.5-109.5 105.5 1


Less than Greater than Relative
Interval Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative Cumulative Frequency
Frequency Frequency
LL –UL LB - UB f <cf >cf rf
54- 61 53.5-61.5 57.5 4 copy 4 54 7.4%

62-69 61.5-69.5 65.5 7 4+7 11 50 13%

70-77 69.5-77.5 73.5 11 11+11 22 43 20.4%

78-85 77.5-85.5 81.5 18 40 32 33.3%

86-93 85.5-93.5 89.5 11 51 14 20.4%

94-101 93.5-101.5 97.5 2 53 3 3.7%

102-109 101.5-109.5 105.5 1 54 1 1.8%


Less than Greater than Relative
Interval Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative Cumulative Frequency
Frequency Frequency
LL –UL LB - UB f <cf >cf rf
54- 61 53.5-61.5 57.5 4 4 54 7.4% 4/54
62-69 61.5-69.5 65.5 7 11 50 13%
7/54
70-77 69.5-77.5 73.5 11 22 43 20.4%
11/54
78-85 77.5-85.5 81.5 18 40 32 33.3%

86-93 85.5-93.5 89.5 11 51 14 20.4%


3+11
94-101 93.5-101.5 97.5 2 53 3 3.7%
1+2
102-109 101.5-109.5 105.5 1 54 1 1.8%
Solution:
Less than Greater than Relative
Interval Class Boundaries Class Midpoint Frequency Cumulative Cumulative Frequency
Frequency Frequency
LL –UL LB - UB f <cf >cf rf
54- 61 53.5-61.5 57.5 4 4 54 7.4%

62-69 61.5-69.5 65.5 7 11 50 13%

70-77 69.5-77.5 73.5 11 22 43 20.4%

78-85 77.5-85.5 81.5 18 40 32 33.3%

86-93 85.5-93.5 89.5 11 51 14 20.4%

94-101 93.5-101.5 97.5 2 53 3 3.7%

102-109 101.5-109.5 105.5 1 54 1 1.8%

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