일반화학 제8판
일반화학 제8판
0 .32nmK 10 32 pm
~
=
O .
I5 T
[
σ
g mg ug
, ,
F
: 180
C
: 100
273 15K
.
O C =
.
OK = -
273 .15 c
H ☆
kg
m K kgn" "
>
>
~
~ E
~
f≈
$ 3 . 49 X104
;) 34200 ~
→
4
3 .42
1 i) 3420
t
-
→ 3 K20 X ( 0
.
iTi ) 34200
-
> 3 K200
.
X 104
↑ ↑ ↓ d
ex) 1. c
5
IZcm K12 . 5c
345≤ 3 .
5 con≤ 3 . 55c
14 95am ≤ 15 5cm h
. .
/bo 5c
5
1bcom
α =
k
oXygeol
boron phosphoras
L> ② ,
=
p
⑦
P
D
(4)
⑤
pp
α ③
③
3 ④ :
>
pa
-
>
,
1
H
L>
H
~
H
l
. , =
1 .
007bame
12
g
↓ 2
K
K
X
:
280855g= xan d : 60 53
. .
g
6
4
~
3i 1m . 28 0855
.
g
↓
280855ac
(amu) =
(gram )
2
,
( ) ( , ,
)
23
.
+
→
~
+
~
reactant prodact
IO
)
,
W m
~
fip )
H N >
mw
~
1
> GH. tO
-
> 2 COz + 3 1kO
- 2 GH
.
+
7oz →
4cOz + 6 ko
→
ouw
mw
W
≈
0
E
@ - x
>
0000
…
0
8000
.
-
NH3
Ca
Pt
NH3 CJ
- + 2
2 2 41 ×10
-
41 × 10 58X ( 0-
2
. .
>
Ax My
H otor
HO COi
H 1 βm . l H : 2 . 26m l 8 n
2
. 26
mg
d Co .
: D .n 6on0 v . d C =0 . n
36 , 0
9 .
20 .
42 mg 39 .
2
nmg m
Mw 11 33
mg
= 78
.
20 . 4 2- 1 .33 8
mg
, x yhol 8 8p
.
: 18 =
0 568
.
4 ÷ ( =
( 1 Bt
S luton
[
.
③
. Celectrou )
.
[ →
.
⑥ .
[ ( ,
-
fNatmcf :
>
Pb (a%) + 2 Liaq) PbI
2 (G )
Pbr
+
r N
+
/Nos ktt2~
No;
;
2 K 25
-
2 2
… …
6
NH
3
+ ko > ++
UH4 -
. :
. :
wW
u~
+
PH =
- gH y
10
-
10g [HtJ =
n
"
[J -
10 M
+
[H fLoH y
-
=
10
ex) +
, H] =
10
G[H =1M
]
Hl +
Na
→
vadtflho
+
H of- → ko
* .
[ )
Base /Naflos→lattHcO
:
)
flcO;cab →fkOl) fcozCg)
(
+
H (aq ) )
~
W
O .
2
-
H : + 1 "Na
( )
→
(a6)
+ cucs)
O
(e ) G) (+)
A
3 X10m /
→
:
s
( O )
,
A
b
b
(β C )
4.
- >
) ↑
*
,
l oun
metvl
ms I
±
o
D
* ~
t
" f
*
nmiiomn
H =
D ux
2cr
-
÷2
6
> x
→
- >
Pron
6 vq
mg
2
3S
β AI
Ei
2
, [ NeJBS
Ein [ NeJ 3 s
'
Ei 3 [ NeJ
E: 4 13
:
25 '21 s
-→
Xcg) fe Xcg )
(bonding ) (0n
bonding
5 -
[ covalent bonding
Coordinafion
Energy ( )
E <0 ( )
E 70 ( )
Na+ CIi - 6 E , .
)
Nat - ( )
-
. E< .
Tonc boudin
J
E E
CI
(DEE )
∞
Nattcl z
Nad (DE > )
0
E(
Nacd →
'
d
⑧ d
+
-
Li F
0
Na F O
E
-
-
K F G
-
Li F
+
Li C/
'
+
Li Br
-
Li ] V Vd
d > ,
+
A 13 3I +3 +
Mg 2I +2 …
Not I
-
BF
:
,
SF. NO PC,
…
!
iR !
]
! … Ci :
!
…
…
li o
:
…
… …
… :
!
…
…
:
:
F -
F;
…
~~→
ex) NHz
1
H: 2 ×z " =0
t
N :
6× 2 = 5
- → :
5
-
= 0
…
.
> -
> -
> 90
3
.
. .
.0
F …
s -
F
"
F
1200
900
H
44 z
p : electron wavefunction 4
"
+
4 :
nil .
modm ,
me - l …
h
!
P orbitalll )me
-
-
-
1
. 0
.
1
:
&
Z Z
"
2
,
M
-
Coi
3
dn4
~
'
+
H H 1s s
'
1 ' 2
C :
JS zp
C
⑧
0
"
∞ S
↓
"
" "
H H P
t
'
* * sp
C 1sras p' =
2
' '
: 2s 2 e 2S
p
'
Sp - π+
FA A
3
N : 1s as 2p t
G H : C ≡ CH
↑
sip ,
C C
H
'
:
3H
3H
PR
'
ouw p
C Z
C □ P
, 2
J
Ni =
QX
[ (Q )
: >
β
m
=
&
K P 1 ↑
( 50 5
-
3
8
-
8
i O = C =
O
.
E
[
. .
"
scometry
1
0
,
0
3
34
SP ,
⑧
CnPTI
C
D D
=
8
…
SPR . 233 P1 *
.
C
P 2
.
:
SP ! 32 () (
Hlsspis
fHa r
Hb
isa
pisb
← Alisa t Blisb
4C ( JOsp tO0% )
CHe
=
'
β
s 2p
.
,
sp
t
Ha Hy = 5
Qisa Pis
. d
, 0 .
% B0
F vA .
+
A BK
.- 0. ( .
15 : i: :
-
11 X
Pis PIs . (
-
%
,
G
-
P, tPis
IS
Go
Is z
7 4
Hi:
HF
:
"
2PZ… :
F
HF : GAPHIszpECB
t
Bonding CBSCA
ex+y BondingCAPHIs GBORPa CA YCB
-
molealarortalbr
Hi
2 -
2
D A
/
2
spin -
A A
A X
S 2 4
7 N ;[ 2s P
:
H 2
s-2P
: 2 sKaP
2
Px Py
2
2PZ
(N ) (N )
'
.
6
gspa
~
pY 2
7
8
O
∞
LPx
;
olPx
…
o-
M MABE
'
..
…
T[
tg
,
8
O
@
PP
2
x Py …
π
. : π F2
D ⑦ PO
P
6 1 -
+
Z O
y O
-
x
>
… +
+ +
+
,
3
2s2 4
1s W 152szp
'
s 2s 2P
'
p
W
14
:
10
1 1
O 2
6 3
:
N ≡ N
:
6 -
; F :
-
j
F ;
( " : =
= 2
HF (MO )
! '
H St E S
X F
6 (H (5 F×B2 )
:
HO
… bondimg)
0
:
yBx Y( ou-
"
,
i 1
…
,
…
;
iD6(Hist Fzz )
.
:
.
H :
..
+ FaPx
θD
@@
GD
+
lis
,
. (
hof bod-
X)
iong
"
sp' : 2
YJ
( )
( Jp
3
LGsP
.
.
.
"
∞
zF .
.
"
" ""
. [
BD
: J
U
DE + v
= 0
E =
tl O
Hglliton cg
.
(g) +
2 ( g) 2 )
~> ~
JH ocl )
2
HgO ( S )
function
←→ Path
Efina @ l
Einitial
70 WKO
.
DU
. 6 V < o w > o
. D U =
o W = O
X
~
-
w
→>
1
,
bU = 0
E PGV DE
9
=
= 6 +
→ %
[ - → )
.
D U FD
OE + . N[
B )
-
→9 % =
DE =
9 tw
9 =
oHand w
=
-
Por
DE =
qtw
=
oH -
PoV
~
>0
H 0
ko(l) H =
f601 kJm
ko (s) →
DH
H ~
HOcl)
~
: 601 K5
hocs )
9 =
9 bus
=
qwat +c
9 +
9
ma
( )
9sus =
O
qrxn
=
-(qwat tqcl )
qwafer =
mXsXot
W
9K =
CcalXot
DH -
9a
Hf(
)
H
DHH )
A
=
O
ex) O = 6HF =ω
C )-
C ( )
=
- T s
S
DHKo ,
Os > 0
70 . DSKo
b
V
A
PV nBT =
(a) X 1. 5
( b) d 2
(C )
G 29
~
~
U
N
~
~
⑧
1kg
10 Ikyg x
D
oog
"
=0
nm
IL 43 ~
.
0 258
.
m
. 69 mL 4
1028
.
. .
.
0
19 .
980
=
.
(orp
@
46 .
49 g
.
V @@ 1 .0 Y
=
om
ewo
46492
1 .
@ x
~ n g
101 3
.
=
x x = 1028 69 mL .
…
~
…
o 12g
10 omL
π= MRTT 3423 g%
1 0
atmllwlk
. 082
1
20 . 6 d 0nl
~
…
i
*
oNH, ]
- ]
3
3
[N ] 3
] H
~ =
[N.
]
[ NH
3
>
a)
0
(000
K. × .
×
k
)
( ) 16 0 039
) .
t
11H, 0
. ]
kn -
090
6 .
fko lH3 coor
-
+
CHscooH
>
+
0 .
01
0
0 01
-
-
01 +o - 0
.
~
0 .
09 oll
CiBcoolf
001 ×
)
0
059V
16( p-
.
0
n60
.
0 g
-
-
:
2
=
t)
=
C+)