FACULTY OF LAW

UNIVERSITY OF DELHI,DELHI- 110007

January, 2023
LL.B. IV Term

Paper : Intellectual Property Law-I

Introduction to Intellectual Property and its Abuse

General Principles of Intellectual Property Rights
Nature and Concept of IPR, WTO/TRIPs
Brief evolution of IPR and its importance in present context
Types of htellectual Property
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (Art. 9-39 TRIPS), by various national laws
2 Abuse of Intellectual Property Concept

3
Brief on International legal instruments relating to IPR
Paris Convention, 1883 and TRIPS
Reciprocity and Priority
Concept of Minimum Standards
Concept of National Treatment
Concept of Most Favoured Nation (MEN)
Madrid
id Agreement, Madrid Protocol, 1989 amended on Oct 3, 2006 and Nov 12, 2007, The
Trade Marks (Amendment) Bill, 2009

2, Trade Marks Law

|Legislation :Trade Marks Act, 1999, in force from 15th Sep 2003]
Note: Students should note that some cases are decided under the previous Act of 1958 (the
meanings assigned to words and expressions under the old Act are to be understood and
may be applied to the provisions of new Act of 1999 also). However, students are not
required to study the 1958 Act, as such.
1. Introduction
Definitions/Meaning of: "Mark' S.2(1 Xm); Trade mark' S.2(1 Xzb); 'Service' S.2(1 X2);
"Goods' S.2(1Xi); Package' S.2(1 X\a); *Well known trade mark' S.2(1Xzg), Need for
Protection of Trademarks, Registered and Unregistered Trade Marks
1.2 Use of trade mark on goods/services- S.2(2Xb) & (c), 29(6)
1.2.1 Use in Advertisements -declared as use and ground for protection even without
goods/services
N. R. Dongre v. Whirlpool Corporation, (1996) 5 SCC 714

1.2.2 Protecting Domain Names as Trade Marks

Satyam Infoway Lud v. Sifynet Solutions Pu. Lud, AIR 2004 SC 3540

1 Trade Mark for Services

Balakrishna Hatcheries v. Nandos International Lud,

2007(35) PTC 295(Bom)
Health and Glow Retailing P. Ltd v. Dhiren Krishna Paul, Trading as
Health and Glow Clinic, 2007(35) PTC 471(Mad)
2

Registration of trade mark for goods/services

Procedure (S.18 -23). Grounds of Refusal (S.9 & 11), Prior/Vested Rights, Rectification of
register (S.57 )
 2.1 Absolute Grounds for Refusal of Registration: S.9(1) Distinctive character in 9(1 a),
8 types of Descriptive, laudatory marks or indications or words in S.9(1 Xb), customary
or bonafide practices of trade in clause 9(1Xc), Proviso to S.9(1) - Acquired Distinctive
character and well known marks

M/s Hindustan Development Corporation Lud v. The Deputy Registrar of 1

Trade Marks, AIR 1955 Cal 319
The Imperial Tobacco Co. ofhdia v. The Registrar of Trade Marks, AIR
1977 Cal413

3 Geep FlashLight Industries V. Registrar of Trade Marks, 18

AIR 1972 Del 179

2.2. S.9(2): Nature of mark as to deceive the public or cause confusion

Wide power -no mention of marksor goods
Note, that under 1958 Act it was covered under the expression Deceptive Similarity
Sunder Parmanand Lalwani v. Caltex (India) Lud, AIR 1969 Bom 24 22

5 Sony Kabushuki Kaisha v. Samrao Masker, AIR 1985 Bom 327

3. Relative Grounds for Refusal wsl1

3.1 Later trade mark similar with Earlier Trade Marks -S.I 1(1)
Identity or similarity of Marks resulting - in likelihood of confusion or Association with
earlier Mark (Dilution) and ldentitiy or similarity of goods/services-Overlap
with s 9(2)
Detemination of Similarity of goods/services (See Jelineks Appln, (1946) 63 RPC and
Panda Case)
6 K.R. Krishna Chettiar v. Sri Ambal & Co, AIR 1970 SC 146 40

3.2 Earlier Trade mark- ifa Well Known Trade Marks: S.I I(2)

Prohibition of registration even for di fferent goods/ services

Factors for determination - 11(6) to 11(9
Effect of Trade marks registered or used in good faith - S.l1(11),
Effect of Acquiescence
7 Carrefour v. V.Subburaman, 2007(35) PTC 225 (Mad.) 44
(Also on passing off-)

3.3 Refusal of rgistration on grounds of passing off or under law of copyright w/s 11(3)
3.4 Prior/ Vested Rights
Honest and Concurent user-S.12, Prior user of mark and vested ights- S. 34, Name,
Place of Business, Address or Description of Character or Quality of Goods or Services
S.35, Acquiescence -S. 33

4 Passing of, Infringement and Exceptions to Infringement Action

. Enlargement of nfringement protection - S. 29
4.2 For same, similar or diferent goods/services
Difference between passing off and infringement
Passing off- for similar goods/different goods/transborder reputation
Parley Products v. JP& Co, (1972) 1 SCC 618 58

Cadila Health Care Ludv. Cadila Pharmaceuticals ud,

(2001) 5 SCC 73: 2001 PTC 300 (SC) 62

10. Carrefour v. V. Subburaman, 2007(35) PTC 225

11. Bata India Ltd. v. Pyare Lal & Co., AIR 1985 All 242

12. Milmet Oftho ndustries v. Allergen Inc., (2004) 12 SCC624 76

13. Balakrishna Hatcheries v. Nandos hternational LId, 2007(35) PTC

79
295(Bom)
 14. Health and Glow Retailing Pvt. L
Lid v. Dhiren Krishna Paul, Trading as
Health and Glow Clinic, 2007(35) PTC 471(Mad)
15
Kapil Wadhwa v. Samsung Electronics Co.
Ltd., 194(2012)DLT23: MIPR2012(3)191 95

4.4 Exceptions -S.30

16 Hawkins Cookers Limited v Munugan Enterprises, 2012(50)PTC389(Del) 119

5 Trade Mark Dilution and Contemporary Areas (S.ll(), S2944), S29(8)

17 ITC Limited v Philip Morris Products SA., 2010(42) PTC 572 (Del) 123

Protection of Trade Dress & colour combinations: Tarnishment of Trade

marks/Comparative Advertising Disparagement See Also S29(8)
18 N Ranga Rao v. Anil Garg, 2006 (32) PTC 15 (Del) 14

19 Pepsi Co Inc v. Hindustan Coca Cola Lud., 162

2003 (27) PTC 305 (Del) (DB)

20 Dabur India Ltd. v. Colgate Palmolive 2004 (29) PTC 401 (Del) 172

Exhaustion of IPR: Art, 6 TRIPs, S.29(6) Trade Marks Act, 1999

7 Licencing of Trade Marks - Ss.48 - 53

Permission of Central Government not required in 1999 Act
Necessity of Actual Quality Control

Paradox of Quality Control

Supremacy of Licencing Agreement
21 ioneer HiBred v. Pioneer Seeds, 1990 IPLR 17

22 Baker Huges Ltd v. Hiroo Khushalini,

1998 PTC 580: 2004 PTC 153 (SC)

23 MTVHoldings v. Mistrale Publishing Pvt. Lud,

2005 (30) PTC 489 (Del)
24 Gujarat Botling v. Coca Cola, AIR 1995 SC 2372

3. Geographical Indications
JLegislation: The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act,
1999, in force from 15" Sep 2003]l
Guidelines for permitting the use of Geographical Indication (GI) Logo and Tagline, 0ssued
by the Ministry of Commerce &Industry, Department for Promotion of Industry, GOl on
24 th June, 2019 |SUPPLIED]

1. Definitions- Geographical Indication(S.2(e), Indication'(s.2(g)), Goods' (S.2(),

'Producer'(S.2(k), Certification Trade Mark, Collective Marks
2. Concept of Indication of source, Geographical Indication and appellations of origin,
Community Right
3. Kinds of Geographical Indications and Registration
Procedure for Registration(Ss. 3-8, Ss. 11-17)
Grounds for Refusal of Registration of GI's (S.9)
Registration of homonymousGeographical Indications (S.10)
Duration of protection and renewal(Ss18-19)
4. Infringement, penalties and remedies(Ss. 20-23, Chapter Ss. 37-54, Ss. 66-67, Rules for
allowing use of rgistered GI by anthorised users)
5. Conflict of GI's with Trade marks (Ss. 25-26)
4. Industrial Designs Law
[Legislation: The Designs Act, 2000]
4 1 Need for protection of industrial designs
4.2 Subject matter of Protection- Design, S.2(d), Original, S.2(g), new or original,
appeal to eye, copyright S.2(c)
4.3 Copyright in Design (duration)- S.I1
4.4 Registration of design for articles - Ss.3-9 (No provision for opposition)
5.5 Cancellation of Design- S. 19
1.6 Piracy or Infringement of copyright in Designs - S.22
1.7 Overlap of Design, Copyright and Trade Marks
25. Bharat Glass Tube Limited v. Gopal Glass Works Limited, 183

2008 (37) PTC 1 (SC)

26. Reckitt Benckiser(India) Ltd v. Wyeth Limited, 200
2010 (44) PTC S89 (Del (DB)
27. Samsonite Corporation v. Vijay Sales, 1998 (18) PTC 372 (Del)
28. Crocs Inc. USA v. Bata India Lud, CS (COMM) No. 772/2016 and
connected cases 20 18 Del HC.

Books Recommended

Ashwani Kr. Bansal, Law of Trade Marks in India ( 2009)

Ashwani Kr Bansal, Law of Designs,Gls, ( 2011)
P. Narayanan, Law of Trade Marks and Passing off(6" ed., 2004)
Kailasam, Law of Trade Marks and Geographical ndications (2"d ed. 2009)
V.K. Ahuja, Law Relating to Intellectual Property Rights (2009)
P. Narayanan, Copyright and Industrial Designs (2007)
Latha RNair &Rajendra Kumar, Geographical Indication- Asearch for Identity (2005)
WIPO Background Reading Material on Intellectual Property
 LL.B. IV Term
Paper: LB 401: Constitutional Law - II

[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Civil Servants

and Amendment of theConstiution]
Prescribed Text: The Constitution of India, 1950
Prescribed Books:
1. D.D. Basu, Shorter Constitution ofIndia (15th ed., 2018)
2. H.M. Seervai, ConstitutionalLaw of India(4th ed., Vol 1(1991), Vol. 2 (1993),
Vol. 3 (2019 Rep.)
3. M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (8th ed., 2018)
4. M. P. Singh, V. N. Shukla's Constitution of In dia (13th cd., 2019)
5. S. Choudhary, M Khosla and PB Mehta, The Oxford Handbook ofthe Indian
Constitution (| ed. , 2016)
6. Udai Raj Rai, Fundamental Rights and their Enforcement (2011)
Recommended Readings:
1. Granville Austin, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of aNation (1966)
2. Granville Austin, Working a Democratic Constitution -AHistory of the Indian
Experience (1999)
3. B. Shiva Rao, The Framing of ndia'sConstitution- Select Documents (1967)
4. Report of the National Commission to Review the Working of theConstitution
(2002)

Topic 1 - Fundamental Rights (General)

A. 'State' under Article 12

1 Som Prakash v. Union of lndia (1981) 1 SCC449 2

2 Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of (2002) 5 SCC 111 17

Chemical Biology
3 G. Basi Reddy v. International Crops Research (2003) 4 SCC225 32
|Institute
4 Zee Telefilms Lid. v. Union of India (2005) 4 SCC 649 35

State of U.P. v. RadheyShyam Rai (2009) 5 SCCS77 46

|6 Jatya Pal Singh v.Union of India (2013) 6SCC 452

BCCI V. Cricket Association of Bihar (2015)3 SCC 251

Dr. Janet Jeyapaul v. SRM University (2015) 16 SCCS30

B. 'Law' under Article 13: Also Articles 3 1 A, 31B.31C368

(i) Doctrine of Eclipse

9 Keshavan Madhava Menon v. State of Bombay AIR 1951 SC 128 52

10 Bhikaji Narain Dhakras v. State of M. P. AIR 1955 SC 781 73

State of Gujarat v. Sri Ambica Mills (1974) 4 SCC656 55

(ii) Waiver of fun damentalrights

12 Bashesher Nath v. CIT AIR 1959 SC 149

(iii) Severability
13 State of Bombayv. FN. Balsara AIR 1951 SC 318

14
14 RMDC v. Union of India AIR 1957 SC 628

(iv) Personal laws

15 Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) 9 SCC 1

Topic 2 - Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

A Equality among Equals; Treating un-equals as cquals violates equality clause
 Topic 2 - Right to Equalitv(Articles 14-18)
A Equality among Equals; Treating un-equals as equals violates equality clause
B. Classification as such not completely prohibited: Reasonable Classification Permissible
C Single Person may be treated as a separate class
Establishment of Special Courts
Conferment and/or exercise of discretionary or arbitrary power is antithesis of right to
equality
F Distribution of state largesse
Special provisions for women and children; requirements relating to residence:
requirement of a paticular religion being professed by the incumbent of an office
related to a religious or denominational institution

H Protective Discrimination - Reservations in appointments and promotions; Special

provisions for socially and educationally backward classes of citizens and for
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 20 16
J The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006

K Direct and Indirect Discrimination

16 State of W. B. V. Anwar Ali Sarkar AIR 1952 SC 75

17 Kathi Raning Rawat v. State of Saurashtra AIR 1952 SC 12 79

18 LI. Col Nitisha v. Union ofIndia 2021 SCC Online SC

261
19 Indra Sawhney v. Union of ndia AIR 1993 SC 477; 88
1992 Supp (3) SCC 217
20 M. Nagaraj v. Union ofIndia (2006) 8 SCC 212 196
21 Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India (2008) 6 SCC I 138

22 Gulshan Prakash v. State of Haryana (2010) 1SCC477 188

23 Rohtas Bhankar v. Union ofIndia (2014) 8 SCC 872
24 Jarnail Singh v. Lachhmi Narain Gupta (2018) 10 SCC 396 220

24A Jarnail Singh II v. Lachmi Narain Gupta 2022 SCC Online SC96
25 BK Pavitra v. Union ofIndia (2017) 4 SCC 620
25A BK Pavitra II v. Uhion of India (2019) 16 SCC 129
26 Mukesh Kumar v. State of Uttarakhand (2020) 3 SCC 1
27 |Dr. Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. The Chief Minister, 2021 SCCOnline SC 36
Maharashtra
28 Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust v. Union of (2014) 8 SCC 1
India
29 Modern Dental College &Research (2016) 7 SC 353
Centre v. State of Madhya Pradesh
30 Joseph Shine v. Union of lndia (2019) 3 SCC 39

Abolitic
 Abolition of untouchability (Article 17,35)
(i) The Protection of CivilRights Act, 1955
(ii) Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of A
trocities) Amendment
Act, 2018

31 State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu lngale AIR 1993 SCCI126;

1995 Supp (4) SCC 469
32 |Safai Karmachari Andolan v. Union ofIndia (2014) 11 SCC 224
33 Prathvi Raj Chauhan v. Union ofIndia (2020) 4 SCC 727

M Abolition of titles (Article 18)

34 Balaji Raghavan v. Union ofIndia (1996) 1 SC 361

Topic 3 - Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)

A Right to Freedoms available only to citizens of India; Foreign nationals and artificial
persons like bodies corporate (companies) are not citizens either under Part III of the
Constitution of India or under the Citizenship Act, 1955
1. Freedom of speech and expression;
2. Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms;
3. Freedom to form association or unions or cooperative societies;
4. Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India;
5. Freedom to reside and settle in any part of theterritory of India;
6. Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or
business.
The freedoms are not absolute but subject to reasonable restrictions which can be imposed by
law made by the state for the purposes mentioned in clauses (2) to (6) of Article 19. The term
'reasonable restriction' includes total prohibition.
() The Right to nformation Act, 2005
(ii) The Sports Broadcasting Signals (Mandatory Sharing with Prasar Bharati)
Act, 2007

35 Bennett Coleman& Co. v. Union ofIndia (1972) 2 SCC788 234

36 Secretary, Ministry ofl &B, Govt. of indiav. (1995) 2 SCC 161 249

Cricket Association of Bengal

37 Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) 5SCC1
38 People 's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. (1997) 1 SCC 301
Union ofIndia
39 Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of lndia (2020) 3 SCC 637
40 Foundation for Media Professionals v. Union (2020) 5 SCC 746
Territory of Jammuand Kashmir &Another
4 Communist Party ofIndia (M) v. Bharat Kumar (1998) 1 SCC201

42 ALADMKv. Chief Secretary, Government of (2009) 5 SCC 452

Tamil Nadu
43 Chintaman Rao v. State of M.P. AIR 1951 SC 118

44 Narendra Kumar v. Union ofIndia AIR 1960 SC 430

45 State of Gujaratv. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab (2005) 8 SCC 534

Jamat

46 Tehseen S Poonawala v. Union ofIndia (2018) 9 SCC 501l

B. Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20)

() Ex post facto Law
(ii, Doctrine of DoubleJeopardy
(iiü) Right against SelfIncrimination

47 Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010) 7 SCC 263

C. Protection in life and personal liberty, Doctrine of Proportionality(Article 21)

|Maneka Gandhi v. Union oflndia (1978) 1 SCC 248 266
 (200)Þ
Jamat

|46 Tehseen SPoonawala v. Union of India (2018) 9 SCC 501

B. Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20)

Ex post facto Law
(iil Doctrine ofDouble Jeopardy
(iüi) Right against SelfIncrimination

|47 Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010) 7 SCC 263

C. Protection in life and personal liberty, Doctrine of Proportionality (Article 21)

48 Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) 1SCC248 |266

49 AK Roy v. Union of India (1982) 1 SCC 271

50 National Legal Services Authority v. Union of (2014) 5 SCC 438
India

51 Animal Welfare Board v. A. Nagaraja (2014) 7 SCC 547

52 Justice KS Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 1 283

53 Navtej Singh Joharv. Union ofIndia (2018) 1 SCC 791

D. Right to education (Article 21 A)

54 Pramati Educational and Cultural Trusts v. (2014) 8 SCC 1

Union of India

E. Protection against arrest and detention (Article 22)

55 DK Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC416 303

56 People's Union for Civil Rights v. Union of India (2004) 9 SCC 580

Topic 4- Right against Exploitation (Articles 23.24)

57 |People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of (1982) 3 SCC 235

India

Topic 5- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)

The Orissa Freedom of Religion Act, 1967; the T.N. Prohibition of Forcible Conversion Act,
2002; the Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act, 2003; the Uttarakhand Freedom of Religion Act,
2018; the Himachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Act, 2019; the Madhya Pradesh Freedom of
Religion Act, 2021

58 Seshammal v. State of Tamil Nadu (1972) 2 SCC 11 |314

59 N. Adithayan v. Travancore Devaswom Board (2002) 8 SCC 106 328

60 Commissioner of Police Acharya (2004) 12 SCC 770 339
Jagadishwarananda Avadhuta
61 Adi Saiva Sivachariyargal Nala Sangam v. The (2016) 2 SCC 725
Government of Tamil Nadu

62 Rev. Stainislaus v. State ofM.P. (1977) 1 SCC 677

63 |BijoeEmmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986) 3 SCC 615 349

64 |Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of (2019) 1l SCC 1

Kerala

65 Kantaru Rajeevaru v. Indian Young Lawyers (2020) 9 SCC 121

 65 Kantaru Rajeevaru v. Indian Young Lawyers (2020) 9 SCC 121
Association
6 Resham v. State of Karnataka 2022 SCCOnline Kar
315

Topic 6 - Educational and Cultural Rights (Articles 29, 30)

Right to establish and administer educational institutions - rights of minorities and non
minorities; Degree of State Control in aided and non-aided educational institutions

67 Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka 2003 (6)SCC 697 355

68 T.M.A.Pai Foundation V. State of Karnataka (2002) 8 SCCA81

69 P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra (2005) 6 SCCs37
7 Sindhi Education Society V. Chief Secretary, (2010) 8 SCC 49
Government of NCT of Delhi

Topic 7- Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Power of Judicial Review under Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution;

Concurrent jurisdiction of the High Courts under Article 226 Res judicata; Laches,
Rule of locus standi, Public Interest Litigation; Existence of alternative remedies; Nature
and scope of relief

71 State of Uttaranchal v. Balwant Singh Chaufal (2010) 3 SCC 402

72 Guidelines for Public Interest Litigation issued by https://main.sci.gov.in/pd
the Supreme Court of India flchamberAllotement/pil
guidelines.pdf

Topic 8- Fundamental Duties (Article 51 A)

73 Hon 'ble Shri Rangnath Mishra v. Union ofIndia 2003 (7) SCC 206

Topic 9- Directive Principles of State Policy(Articles 36-51)

Relationship between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Topic 10Civil Servants (Articles 308-323)

Union ofIndia v. Tulsiram Patel (1985) 3 SCC 398 |365

75 JP. Bansal v. Sate of Rajasthan (2003) 5SCC 134

76 Managing Director, ECIL v. B. Karunakar (1993) 4 SCC727

|77 T.K. Rangarajan v. Govt. of Tamil Nadu (2003) 6 SCC 581

Topic 11-Amendment of the Constitution(Article 368)

78 Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC225

79 Kihoto Hollohon v.Zachillhu 1992 Supp (2) SCC 651
80 LR. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, (2007) 2 SCC 1 385

81 L. Chandra Kumarv. Union ofIndia (1997) 3 SCC 261

Madras Bar Association v. Union of India (2014) 10 SCC 1

IMPORTANT NOTE

1. The topics and cases given above are not exhaustive. The teachers teaching the course
shall be at liberty to add new topics/cases.
2. The students are required to study the legislations as amended up-to-date and consult the
latest editions of books.
13:38 89%

IVth Term_Administrative
Paper :LB -402 - Administrative Law

Prescribed Books:
1 M.P. Jain and S.N. Jain's Principles of Administrative Law Revised by
Amita Dhanda (7h ed., 2017)
2 LP. Massey, Administrative Law (7 ed., 2008)
3 S.P. Sathe, Administrative Law (7" ed., 2004)
4 H.W.R. Wade and CE. Forsyth, Administrative Law (8 ed., 2000)
S.N. Jain, Administrative Tribunals in India (1977).
Additional Readings:
Harry Woolf, Jeffery Jowell and Andew Le Sueur, De Smith's Judicial
Review (6h ed., 2007)
2 Report of the Comnittee on Ministers' Powers (Donoughmore Committee),
(Cmd. 4060) (1932)

Topic 1-Nature and Scope of Administrative Law

Definition and Scope of Administrative Law
Rule of Law - Dicey's Rule of Law
.3 Theory of Separation of Powers

H.M. Seervai The Supreme Court of ndia and the Shadow of Dicey 01
The Position of the Judiciary under the Constitutional of India, 83-96
(1970)
Cases
Rai Sahib Ram Jawaya Kapur v. State of Punjab, AIR 1955 SC 549.
2 Asif Hameed v. State ofJ.&K., AIR 1989 SC1899. 17
3 State of M.P. v Bharat Singh, AIR 1967 SC 1170. 21
4 ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla, AIR 1976 SC 1207.
ndira Gandhi (smt.) v. Raj Narian AIR 1975 SC 2299

Recommended Readings:
Justice H.R. Khanna, Rule of Law, (1977) 4 SCC (Jour) 7.
Lord Bingham, The Rule of Law, The Cambridge Law Journal, Vol. 66, No.
I(March 2007). pp. 67-85.

Topie 2- Delegated Legislation

2.1. Meaning
2.2. Reasons for growth
2.3. Conditional Legislation
2.4. Permissible limits of delegation of legislative power
2.5. Judicial control
2.6. Legislative control - laying requirement
2.7. Procedural Control - Pre-and post-publication, consultation of affected
interests: The General Clauses Act, 1897, sections 20-24
6 In re Delhi Laws Act, AIR 195ISC 332. 26
7 Lachmi Narain v. Union of India, AIR 1976 SC 714. 40

Darshan Lal Mehrav. Union of India, AIR 1992 SC 1848. 52

9 Govind Lal v. A.P.M. Committee, AIR 1976 SC 263. 55
10. Sonik Industries, Rajkot v. Municipal Corpn. ofthe City of Rajkot (1986) 2
SCC 608: AIR 1986 SC 1518. 62
11. Atlas Cycle Industries Ltd. v. State of Haryana, AIR 1979 SC 1149. 6
12. Rajnarain Singh v. Chairman, Patna Administration Committee, AIR 1954
SC 519.

Topic 3 - Administrative Discretion

 10. Sonik Industries, Rajkot v. Municipal Corpn. of the City of Rajkot (1986) 2
SCC 608 : AIR 1986 SC 1518. 62
11. Atlas Cycle Industries Ltd. v. State of Haryana, AIR 1979 SC 1149. 65
12. Rajnarain Singh v. Chairman, Patna Administration Committee, AIR 1954
SC S19.

Topic 3 - Administrative Discretion

3.1 Meaning of discretion; Judicial Review of confement and exercise of
discretionary power, abuse of discretionary power;
3.2 Nature and Scope of Judicial Review
3.3 Grounds of Judicial Review:
3.3.1 Abuse / Misuse of discretion - mala fides/ ill-will, motive,
Unreasonableness | Arbitrariness, Improper Purpose,
Ignoring relevant considerations, Relying on irelevant
considerations;
3.3.2 Non application of mind - acting mechanically, acting under
dictation, imposing fetters by self-imposed rules or policy
decisions;
3.3.3 Violation of the Principles of Natural Justice

13 Dwarka Prasad Laxmi Narain v. State of U.P., (1954) SCR 803: AIR 1954
SC 224. 74
14 A.N. Parasuraman v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1990 SC 40: (1989) 4 SCC
683. 82

iv

15 JR. Raghupathy v. Sate of A. P., AIR 1988 SC 1681. 86

16 Coimbatore District Central Cooperative Bank v. Coimbatore District
Central Co-op. Bank Employees Assn. (2007) 4 SCC 669. 104
Om Kumar &Others v. Union of India, AlR 2000 SC 3689 114
18. R. V. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex Parte Daly. (2001)
UKHL 26 128
19. G. Sadananadan v. State of Kerala, AIR 1966 SC 1925: (1966) 3 SCR 590. 135
20 Express Newspapers (Pvt.) Ltd. v. Union of India, AIR 1986 SC 872.
21 State of Bombay v. KP. Krishnan, (196|) ISCR 227: AIR 1960 SC 1223. 141
22 Ranjit Singh v. Union of India, AIR 1981 SC 461. 15)
23 Nandlal Khodidas Barot v. Bar Council of Gujarat and others
AIR 1981 SC 477. 154
24 Shri Rama Sugar Industries Ltd. v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1974) 1 SCC
534: AIR 1974 SC 1745. I56
25 Associated Provincial Picture Hose Ltd. V Wednesbury Corporation(1947)
26 DM Aravali Golf Chub v Chader Hass, 2007 (14) SCALE 1.
27 Internet &Mobile Assn. of India v. RBI, (2020) 10 SCC 274

Topic 4- Principles of Natural Justice

4.1 Administrative and quasi-judicial functions
4.2 Meaning and need for Administrative Adjudication, lis inter partes,
concept of fairness
4.3 Nemo judex in causa sua (rule against bias)
4.4 Audi alteram partem (rule of fair hearing)
4.4.1 Notice
4.4.2 Right to cross-examination
4.4.3 Right to legal representation
4.5 Reasoned Decision (Speaking Order)
4.6 Effect of non-observation of the Principles of Natural Justice
4.7 Requirement of supplying Enquiry Report -Effect of non-supply of
such Report.
28 A.K. Kraipak v. Union of India, AlR 1970 SC 150. 165
29 Ashok Kumar Yaday v. State of Haryana, AIR 1987 SC 454. 171
30 G.N. Nayak v. Goa University, AIR 2002 SC 790. 187
31 Amar Nath Chowdhuary v. Braithwaite & Co. Ltd., (2002) 2 SCC 290: AIR 193
2002 SC 678.
 32 State of W.B. v. Shivananda Pathak (1998) S SCC S13. 195
33 Hira Nath Mishra v. Principal, Rajendra Medical College, (1973) 1 SCC 201
805: AIR 1973 SC 1260.
34. JK. Aggarwal v. Haryana Seeds Development Corpn. Ltd. , (1991) 2 SCC
283: AIR 1991SC 1221. 205
35 Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Lid. v. Maharashtra General Kamgar Union,
(1999) 1 SCC 626. 209
36 Maneka Gandhi v. Union ofIndia (l978) 1 SCC 248. 215
37 H.L. Trehan v. Union of India, AIR 1989 SC 568. 223
38 KI Shepherd v. Union of India, AIR 1988 SC 686.
39 SN. Mukherjee v. Union of India, AIR 1990 SC 1984. 227
40 Managing Director, ECIL, Hyderabad v. B. Karunakar, (1993) 4 SCC. 245
727

Topic 5 - Judicial Review

5.1 Review and Appeal
5.2 Power of Judicial Review of the Supreme Court and the High Courts -
Articles 32, 136, 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India
5.3 Writs - Certiorari, Mandamus, Prohibition, Habeas Corpus, Quo
Warranto
5.3.1 Certiorari - (to decide the legality an order/decision
already passed/given) and for that purpose to produce all records
of the case before the writ court - Grounds on which issued
5.3.2 Jurisdictional Errors - Excess of jurisdiction, Exercising
jurisdiction not vested; Non-exercise of jurisdiction. The court
exercising power does not act as an appellate court and therefore
neither the merits of the case nor re-appraisal of evidence is
allowed; Errors of law alone can be subject of judicial review but
not the errors of fact howsoever grave they may be; Review
possible if a decision/order was based on 'no evidence' or on
irelevant considerations;
S.3.3 Non-compliance with the prescribed procedure or the rules of
natural justice:
5.3.4 Errors of law apparent on the face of record can be corrected
that may occur when the conclusion of law recorded by the lower
court/tribunal is based on an obvious mis-interpretation of the
relevant statutory provision, or sometimes in ignorance of it or
even in disregard of it or is expressly founded on reasons which
are wrong in law.

5.4 Mandamus - To command the performance of a statutory or public

duty; not issued for exercise of discretionary power against the
legislatureNegislators; can be issued both against the executive
authorities as well as private individuals/persons.
5.5 Prohibition- To decide the legality of pending proceedings
5.6 Habeas Corpus To decide the legality of an arrest/detention. It is
necessary to produce the arrested/detained person in the court and if
dead, the dead body must be produced in the court.
5.7 Quo warranto - To decide the legal authority of a person to hold a
public office.
5.8 Ouster clauses (constitutional and statutory exclusion)
5.9 Curative Petition
41 Syed Yakoob v. K.S. Radha Krishanan (1964) 5 SCR 64: AIR 1964 SC 477. 252
42. Surya Dev Rai v. Ram Chander Rai, AIR 2003 SC 3044: (2003) 6 SCC 675. 261

43 Anadi Mukta Sadguru S.M.V.S.S.J.M.S. Trust v. VR. Rudani,

(1989) 2 SCC 691: AIR 1989 SC 1607. 274
44 Common Cause v. Union of India, AIR 2003 SC 4493. 279
45 Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra, AIR 2002 SC 1771. 280

Topic 6 - Right to Information

6.1.Transparency and accountability of the administration; Right to
Infonation under the Constitution of India;
6.2.The Right to Information Act, 2005 - Object of the legislation
effective and responsive Govermment/public authorities; Scope of the
right to infomation Obligation of public authorities to supply
information; Grounds of refusal to disclose infomation
 Topic 6 - Right to Information
6.1.Transparency and accountability of the administration; Right to
Information under the Constitution of India;
6.2.The Right to Information Act, 2005 Object of the legislation
e
effective and responsive Govermment/public authorities; Scope of the
right to information - Obligation of public authorities to supply
information; Grounds of refusal to disclose information
46. Secretary General. ,Supreme Court ofIndia v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal, 287
166 (2010) DLT 305 (FB).
47 Disclosure of Accounts and Funding of Political Parties, CIC Order
Dated 3rd June 2013.

Topic 7 - Tribunals
7.1. Concept; Justice by Tribunals - Advantages: Openness, Fairness,
Impartiality, Absence of Technicalities of Evidence and
Procedure, Cheapness;
7.2. Constitution of India, Articles 323A and 323B;

vii

7.3. Overview of Tribunals in India with particular reference to

Administrative Tribunals established under the Administrative
Tribunals Act, 1985;

48. L Chandra Kumar v. Union of India and others, AIR 1997 SC 1125 318
49. Union ofIndia v. R. Gandhi, President, Madras Bar Association 2010 328
(5) SCALE S14
50. Rojer Mathew v. South Indian Bank Ltd. & Ors. (2020) 6 SCC I 335

Recommended Reading
272 Law Commission of India Report on Assessment of
Statutory Framework of Tribunals in India (October, 2017)

Topic 8-Commissions of Inquiry &

Central Vigilance Commission
8.1. The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952 - Object and Scope of the legislation - 'to
inquire into any definite matter of public importance';
8.2. Power of Central/State Government to appoint a Commission of Inquiry -
discretionary and mandatory nature of power:;
8.3. Powers and Procedure of the Commission of Inquiry; Compliance with the
principles of natural justice;
8.4. Submission of report and follow up action - effectiveness.
8.5. The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 - Constitution, Powers and
Functions.

Topic 9- Regulatory Agencies

Need Regulatory Bodies; Composition, powers, functions and
procedure: of the Regulatory Bodies including the securities and
exchange board of India:
The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992; Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997; The Insurance Regulatory
and Development Authority Act, 1999; Electricity Commission);
Competition commission of India under the Competition Act, 2002

7
 vi

7.3. Overview of Tribunals in India with particular reference to

Administrative Tribunals established under the Administrative
Tribunals Act, 1985;

48. L Chandra Kumarv. Union of India and others, AIR 1997 SC 1125 318
49. Union of India v. R. Gandhi, President, Madras Bar Association 2010 328
(5) SCALE S14
50 Rojer Mathew v. South Indian Bank Ltd. & Ors. (2020) 6 SCC 1 335

Recommended Reading
272 Law Commission of India Report on Assessment of
Statutory Framework of Tribunals in India (October, 2017)

Topic 8 -Commissions of Inquiry &

Central Vigilance Commission
8.1. The Commissions of Inquiry Act, I952 - Object and Scope of the legislation 'to
inquire into any definite matter of public importance';
8.2. Power of Central/State Government to appoint a Commission of Inquiry -
discretionary and mandatory nature of power;
8.3. Powers and Procedure of the Commission of Inquiry; Compliance with the
principles of natural justice:
8.4. Submission of report and follow up action - effectiveness.
8.5. The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003- Constitution, Powers and
Functions.

Topic 9- Regulatory Agencies

Need of Regulatory Bodies; Composition, powers, functions and
procedure; of the Regulatory Bodies including the securities and
exchange board of India;
The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992; Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997; The Insurance Regulatory
and Development Authority Act, 1999; Electricity Commission):
Competition commission of India under the Competition Act, 2002

viii

Topic 10- Redressal of Complaints against the administration:

The Institution of Ombudsman

IMPORTANT NOTE:
The cases given above are not exhaustive. The teachers teaching the course
shall be at liberty to add new cases.
11. The students are required to study the legislations as amended up-to-date and
consult the latest editions of books.
 LLB. IV Term
Paper -LB 403 - Labour Law

1.
General Readings:
Report of the National Commission on Labour
2. Report of the Second National (1969)
Commission on Labour (2002)
1. The Trade Prescribed Legislations:
Unions Act, 1926
2. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
3. The Industrial
4. The Essential Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946
Services Maintenance Act, 1981
1. Kamala Sankaran, Freedom Prescribed Books:
of Association in India and International Labour
Standards (2009)
2. G.B. Pai, Labour Law in India (2001)
3. P.L. Malik, K.D.
Practices in India Srivastava's Law
(4th ed., 2002, with Relating Trade
to Unions and Unfair Labour
4. S.C. Srivastava
(Rev.) Labour
Supplement 2003)
Law and Labour Relations:
(Indian Law Institute, 2007) Cases and Materials
5. E. M. Rao, 0.P.
Malhotra' s The Law of Industrial
6. K.D. Srivastava,
Industrial Employment (StandingDisputes
with Supplement 2003)
(6h ed., 2004)
Orders) Act, 1946 (4th ed., 1998

PART - A: TRADE UNIONS

Topic 1: Introduction to Labour Law
History and Development of Labour Law,
Understanding, Philosophical Issues, Importance and its
Sociological
Marxism and Labour Law
1. Kahn Freund's Labour and Law (Hamlyn Lecture Series)
Introduction: Some Reflections on Law and Power, pp. 14-20
2. Marxism and Labour Law (1983).
(Edited
and Law, Claredon Press, Oxford,version
1982).
based on Hugh Collins,
Marxism
4
Additional Reading: Debi S. Saini, "Labour
Reality. Legislation and Social Justice: Rhetoric and

Topic 2: Trade Union - Definition,

Registration and
Definitions of 'trade union', 'workman' and trade dispute' - Recognition
1926, Sections 2(g) and (h), 3-13, 15, 22 The Trade Unions Act,
3. Rangaswami v. Registrar of Trade
4.The Tamil Nadu Non-Gazetted
Unions, AIR 1962 Mad. 231
The Registrar of Trade
Government Officers' Union, Madras v.
Unions, AIR 1962 Mad. 234 12
5. In Re Inland Steam
Navigation Worker 's Union, AIR 1936 Cal 59 19
6.The Food Corporation of India Staff Union v.
Ihdia & Ors, AIR 1995 SC 1344. Food Corporation of
23

Topic 3: Immunities - Criminal and Civil

The Trade Unions Act, 1926, Sections 17
120-A, 120-B and 18; The Indian Penal Code, Sections
7. R.S. Ruikar v. Emperor, AIR 1935 Nag. 149
8. 27
Rohtas Industries Staff Union v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 Pat.
(Also see Rohtas Industries v. Its Union, AIR 170
1976 S.C. 425) 30

PART -B: INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

Topic 4: Industry'-Conceptual Analvsis
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Section
2(i)
9. Bangalore Water Supply and
AIR 1978 SC 548 Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa,
10. State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh (2005) 5 38
11. Arihant Siddhi Co.Op. Hg. Soc. SCC I 82
Lid. V.
Bombay High Court, Writ Petition No. 787 Pushpa Vishnu More
OF 2007, Order dated 22
97
06-2018
 PART -B: INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
Topic 4: Industry'-Conceptual Analysis
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Section 2(6)
9. Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa,
AIR 1978 SC 548 38
10. State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh (2005) 5 SCC 1 82
11. Arihant Siddhi Co.Op. Hg. Soc. Ltd. V. Pushpa Vishnu More 97
Bombay High Court, Writ Petition No. 787 OF 2007, Order dated 22
06-2018

Topic 5: Industrial Disputev. Individual Dispute' - Contrast

The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Sections 2(k), 2A
I1. Workmen of Dimakuchi Tea Estate v. Management of Dimakuchi
Tea Estate. AIR 1958 sC 353 99
12. Municipal Corporation of Delhiv. Female Workers (Muster Roll)
AIR 2000 SC 1274: (2000) 3 SCC 224 107
13.J.H. Jadhav v. Forbes Gokak Ltd. (2005) 3 SCC 202 112

Topic 6:Concent of Workman'

Distinction between contract for services and contract of service: Due control and
super-vision test; Predominant nature of duty test, The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947,
Section 2(s)
14. Dharangadhra Chemical Works Ltd. v. State of Saurashtra,
AIR 1957 SC 264 115
1s. A. Sundarambal v. Government of Goa, Daman & Diu,
AIR 1988 SC 1700 121
16. H.R. Adyanthaya v. Sandoz (India) Ltd. (1994) 5 SCC 737 125

Topic 7: Strike & Lock out'

Concepts, legality and justification - The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Sections 2(q),
2(1), 2(n), 10(3), 10A(3A), 22-28; The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act,
1946; The Essential Services Maintenance Act, 1981
17. Management of Chandramalai Estate v. Its Workmen,
AIR 1960 SC 902 138
18. Syndicate Bank v. K. Umesh Nayak (1994) 5 SCC 572 142
19. Essorpe Mills Ltd. v. P.O.; Labour Court (2008) 7 SCC 594 156
20. T. K. Rangarajan v. Government of Tamil Nadu and others, (2003) 6
SCC 581 161

Topic 08: Lay off Retrenchment' &Closure'

Analysis of the Concepts, Pre-requisites, The Industrial Disputes Act, I947, Sections
2(cc), 2(kkk), 2(00), Chapters VA, VB; The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders)
Act, 1946
21. Punjab Land Development and Reclamation Corporation Lid. v.
Presiding Oficer, Labour Court (1990) 3 SCC 682 170

22. The Workmen of FireStone Tyre & Rubber Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. Fire
Stone Tyre & Rubber Co. Pvt. Ltd. (1976) 3 SCC 819:
AIR 1976 SC 1775 186
23. U.P. State Brassware Corporation Ltd. v. Uday Narain Pandey (2006)
1SCC 479 191
24. Deepali Gundu Surwase v. Kranti Junior Adhyapak & Ors (2013) 10
SCC 324 201
25. Management off the Barara Cooperative Marketing cumn Processing
Society Ltd. v. Workman Pratap Singh AIR 2019 SC 228 224

4
 Topic 6: Concept of Workman'
Distinction between contract for services and contract of service: Due control and
super-vision test; Predominant nature of duty test, The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947,
Section 2(s)
14. Dharangadhra Chemical Works Ltd. v. State of Saurashtra,
AIR 1957 SC 264 115
15. A. Sundarambal v.Government of Goa, Daman &Diu,
AIR 1988 SC 1700 121
16. H.R. Adyanthaya v. Sandoz (India) Ltd. (1994) 5 SCC 737 125

Topic 7: 'Strike & Lock out'

Concepts, legality and justification - The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Sections 2(q),
2(1), 2(n), 10(3), 10A(3A), 22-28; The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act,
1946; The Essential Services Maintenance Act, 1981
17. Management of Chandramalai Estate v. Its Workmen,
AIR 1960 SC 902 138
Syndicate Bank v. K. Umesh Nayak (1994) 5 SCC 572 142
19. Essorpe Mills Ltd. v. P.O.:; Labour Court (2008) 7 SCC 594 156
20. T. K. Rangarajan v. Government of Tamil Nadu and others, (2003) 6
SCC 581 161

Topic 08: Lay of Retrenchment' & Closure'

Analysis of the Concepts, Pre-requisites, The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Sections
2(cc), 2(kkk), 2(00), Chapters VA, VB; The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders)
Act, 1946
21. Punjab Land Development and Reclamation Corporation Ltd. v.
Presiding Officer, Labour Cour (1990) 3 SCC 682 170

22, The Workmen of Fire Stone Tyre & Rubber Co. Pvt, Ltd. v. Fire
Stone Tyre & Rubber Co. Pvt. Ltd. (1976) 3 SCC 819:
AIR 1976 SC 1775 186
23. U.P. State Brassware Corporation Ltd. v. Uday Narain Pandey (2006)
ISCC 479 191
24. Deepali Gundu Surwase v. Kranti Junior Adhyapak & Ors (2013) 10
SCC 324 201
25. Management of the Barara Cooperative Marketing cum Processing
Society Ltd. v. Workman Pratap Singh AIR 2019 SC 228 224

27. Manju Saxena v. Union Oflndia, Supreme Court of India

Civil Appeal Nos. I176611767 OF 2018, Judgment Dated: 3.12.2018 227
28. Ram Manohar Lohia Joint Hospital v. Munna Prasad Saini
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5810 OF 2021, Judgment Dated: 20 September, 2021 235

IMPORTANT NOTE
1. The topics as well as cases mark the broad contours of the study domain. The teachers
may feel free to extend the topics/cases for the larger benefit of the society and the students.
2. The students are required to study the legislations as amended from time to time and
consult the latest editions of books as well as issues/debates.
 LL.B. IV Term
Paper: LB -404- Interpretation of Statutes and Legislative Drafting

Prescribed Books:
1. Diggory Bailey and Luke Norbury, Bennion on Statutory Interpretation (7h ed.)
2. P. St. J. Langan, Marwell on the Ihterpretation of Statutes (12h ed., 1969)
3. Vepa P. Sarathi, Interpretation of Statutes (2015)
4. G.P. Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretation (14th ed., 2016; Reprint 2019)
5. B.R. Atre, Legislative Drafting (Principles and Techniques), Universal Law
Publishing- An Imprint of LexisNexis, 5th edn. (2017).
6. T. K. Viswanathan, Legislative Drafting: Shaping the Law for the New Millennium,
Indian Law Institute, 2nd edn., (2007).
Recommended Books:
S.G.G. Edgar, Craies on Statute Law (1971)

Topic 1: General
(a) Nature and Kinds of Indian Laws: Statutory, Non-statutory, Codified, Un-codified,
State-made and State-recognised laws; meaning and scope of 'statute'
(b) Meaning, Object and Scope of interpretation' and 'construction'
(c) Basic sources of statutory interpretation
() The General Clauses Act, 1897: Nature, Scope and Relevance (with special
reference to sections 6 to 8of the Act)
(ü) Definition clauses in various legislations: Nature and interpretative role
Topic 2: General Theories and Rules of Interpretation

(a) The Function of the Court is to interpret the law and not to legislate (Judicial
Activism vis-a-vis Judicial overreach)
P. Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka (2002) 4 SCC S78
2 Padma Sundara Raov. State of TamilNadu (2002) 3 SCC 533 17
D.M., Aravali Golf Club v. Chander Hass, 2007 (14) SCALE 22

(b) Statute must be read as a whole

4 Padma Sundara Rao v. State of TamilNadu (2002)3 SCC 533
(c) The Primary Rule
(i) Literal rule
5
Tej Kiran Jain v. N. Sanjiva Reddy (1970) 2 SCC 272 31
6 Jugakishore v. Raw Cotton Co. AIR 1955 SC 376 33
7 B.N. Muto v. T.K. Nandi (Dr.) (1979) 1 SCC 361 36
Ramavtar Budhaiprasad v. Assistant Sales Tax Oficer,
AIR 1961 SC 1325 44
9 State of West Bengal v. Washi Ahmed (1977) 2 SCC 246 46

ii
10 M.V. Joshi v. M.U. Shimpi, AIR 1961 SC 1494 48
Union of India v. Delhi Cloth & General Mills, AIR 1963 SC 791*
12 Matthews v. Dobbins [196311 ALL ER 417*
13 Lalita Kumari v. State of U.P. (2014) I SCC (Cri.) 524 55
14. State of Madhya Pradesh v. Narayan Singh & Ors., AIR 1989 SC
1789*

(i) Golden Rule

15 Lee v. Knapp (1967) 2 Q.B.442 67
16 G. Narayanaswami v. Pannersevan (1972) 3 SCC 717 69
17 Union of India v. Filip Tiago De Gama of Vedem Vasco De Gama,
AIR 1980 SC 981: (1990) ISCC 277 77
18 Nokes v. Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries (1940) AC 1014 83

(d) Mischief Rule of Construction

19 Heydon 's case (1584) 3 Co. Rep. 7"
20. R.M.D.C. v. Union of India, AIR 1957 SC 628 88
21 Commissioner of Income-tax. v. Smt. Sodra Devi, AIR 1957 SC 832 100
22 Utkal Contractors &Joinery (P) Ltd. v. State of Orissa,
AIR 1987 SC 1454 120
23. Smith v. Hughes (1960) 1 W.L.R.830 129

(e) Construction U res magis valeat quam pereat

Avtar Singh v. State of Punjab. AlIR 1955 SC 1107 30
25 Corporation of Calcutta v. Liberty Cinema, AIR 1965 SC 661 134

() Rule of Purposive Construction

26 Rev. Stainislaus v. Sate of M.P., AIR 1977 SC 108 137
27 S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab (2001) 7 SCC 126 142
- LB-404 Contents Interpret...
19 Heydon 's case (1584) 3 Co. Rep. 7
20. R.M.D.C. v. Union of India, AIR 1957 SC 628 88
21 Commissioner of Income-tax. v. Smt. Sodra Devi, AIR 1957 SC 832 100
22 Utkal Contractors &Joinery (P) LLd. v. State of Orissa,
AIR 1987 SC 1454 120
23 Smith v. Hughes (1960) 1 W.L.R.830 129

(e) Construction æt res magis valeat quam pereat

24 Avtar Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1955 SC 1107 130
25 Corporation of Calcuttav. Liberty Cinema, AIR 196S SC 661 134

() Rule of Purposive Construction

26 Rev. Stainislaus v. State of M.P., AIR 1977 SC 108 137
27 S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab (2001) 7 SCC 126 142
28 All India Reporter Karamchari Sangh v. All India Reporters Lid.
AIR 1988 SC 1325 154
29 State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap. AIR 1973 SC 255: (1974) 3 SCC 337 16
30 Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab(1980) 2 SCC 565*
(g) Rule of Strict Interpretation (Penal and Tax Statutes)
31 Bowers v. Gloucester Corporation (1963) 1 Q.B.881 171
32 George Banerji v. Emperor (1917) 18 Cr LJ 45 173
33 The Empress Mills, Nagpur v. The Municipal Commitee, Wardha,
AIR 1958 SC 341 174
34 A.S. Sulochana v. C. Dharmalingam, AIR 1987 SC 242 180
35 McDowell and Co. Lud. v. Commercial Tax Officer (1985) 3 SCC 230*
36. R. v. Oakes (1959) 2 All ER 92*
37 M/s Achal Industries v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2019 SC 1653*

(h) Rule of Harmonious Construction

38 Sri Venkataramana Devaru v. State ofMysore, AIR 1958 SC 255 182
39 K.M. Nanavati v. State of Bombay, AIR 1961 SC 112 191
40 Calcutta Gas Co. v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1962 SC 1044 204
41 Sirsilk Ltd. v. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1964 SC 160:

(1964) 2 SCR 448 212

42 The Remington Rand of India Lud. v. The Workmen,
AIR 1968 SC 224: (1968) 1 SCR 164 217

(i) Principles of Ejusdem Generis and Noscitur a sociis

43 Calcutta Municipal Corporation v. East India Hotels Ltd.
AIR 1996 SC 419 218
44 M/s Siddeshawari Cotton Mills Pvt. Ld. v. U.O.I., A.LR. 1989 S.C.
1029*
45 Oswal Agro Mills Lid. v. CCE, I993 Supp (3) SCC 716 222
46 Ashbury Railway Carriage &Iron Co. v. Riche (1875) LR 7 HL 653
47 Brownsea Havens Properties v. Poole Corpn. (1958) I All ER 205
Topic 3: Internal and External Aids to Interpretation
(a) Short and long titles, preamble, schedules, marginal headings, parts and their
captions, chapters and their captions, marginal and section-headings
(b) Explanations, exceptions, illustrations and provisos
(c) Phrases like notwithstanding..."; "without prejudice to the generality of...", etc.
(d) Role of Constituent Assembly debates in the interpretation of the Constitution of
India
(e) Legislative history- Legislative Intention, Statement of objects and reasons,
legislative debates, Committee reports, etc.
48 Biswambhar Singh v. State of Orissa, AIR 1954 SC 139:
1954 SCR 842 229
49 M/s. Hiralal Rattanlal v. State of U.P. (1973) 1 SCC 216 236
50 Manoharlal v. State of Punjab, AIR 1961 SC 418:
(1961) 2 sCR 343 244

51 Shashikant Laxman Kale v. Union of India, AIR 1990 SC 21 14:

(1990) 4 SCC 366 247
52 S.R. Chaudhary v. State of Punjab(2001) 7 SCC 126
53 State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap. AlR 1973 SC 255
 AIR 1980 SC981:(1990) 1 SCC 277
Nokes v. Doncaster Amalganated Collieries (1940) AC 1014 83

(d) Mischief Rule of Construction

19 Heydon 's case (1584) 3 Co. Rep. 7*
20 R.M.D.C v. Union of India, AIR 1957 SC 628 88
21 Commissioner of Income-tax. v. Smt. Sodra Devi, AIR 1957 SC 832 100
22 Utkal Contractors &Joinery (P) ud. v. State of Orissa,
AIR 1987 SC 1454 120
23 Smith v. Hughes (1960) 1 W.L.R.830 129

(e) Construction t res magis valeat quam pereat

24 Avtar Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1955 SC 1107 130
25 Corporation of Calcuttav. Liberty Cinema, AIR 1965 SC 661 134

() Rule of Purposive Construction

26 Rev. Stainislaus v. State of M.P. AIR 1977 SC 108 137
27. S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab (2001) 7 SCC 126 142
28. All India Reporter Karamchari Sangh v. All India Reporters Ld.,
AIR 1988 SC 1325 154
29 State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap. AlR 1973 SC 255: (1974) 3 SCC 337 161
30 Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 565*

(g) Rule of Strict Interpretation (Penal and Tax Statutes)

31. Bowers v. Gloucester Corporation (1963) 1 Q.B.881 171
32
George Banerji v. Emperor (1917) 18 Cr LJ 45 173
33 The Empress Mills, Nagpur v. The Municipal Committee, Wardha,
AIR 1958 SC 341 174
34 A.S. Sulochana v. C. Dharmalingam, AIR 1987 SC 242 180
35 McDowell and Co. Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer (1985)3 SCC 230
36 R. v.Oakes (1959) 2 AIIER 92*
37 M/s Achal Industries v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2019 SC 1653'
(h) Rule of Harmonious Construction
38 Sri Venkataramana Devaru v. State of Mysore, AlR 1958 SC 25S 182
39 K.M. Nanavati v. State of Bombay, AIR 1961 SC 112 191
40 Calcutta Gas Co. v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1962 SC 1044 204
41 Sirsilk Ltd. v. Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, AIR 1964 SC 160:

iv
(1964) 2 SCR 448 212
42. The Remington Rand of India Lud. v. The Workmen,
AIR 1968 SC 224: (1968) 1 SCR 164 217

4))Principles of Ejusdem Generis and Nosctur a sociis

43. Calcutta Municipal Corporation v. East India Hotels Ltd.,
AIR 1996 SC 419 218
44 M/s Siddeshawari Cotton Mills Pvt. Ltd. v. U.O.J., A.LR. 1989 S.C.
1029*
45. Oswal Agro Mills Ltd. v. CCE, 1993 Supp (3) SCC716 222
46 Ashbury Railway Carriage &Iron Co. v. Riche (1875) LR 7 HL 653
47 Brownsea Havens Properties v. Poole Corpn. (1958) 1 All ER 205*

Topic 3: Internal and External Aids to Interpretation

(a) Short and long titles, preamble, schedules, marginal headings, parts and their
captions, chapters and their captions, marginal and section-headings
(b) Explanations, exceptions, illustrations and provisos
(c) Phrases like 'notwithstanding...'; "without prejudice to the generality of..", etc.
(d) Role of Constituent Assembly debates in the interpretation of the Constitution of
India
(e) Legislative history- Legislative Intention, Statement of objects and reasons,
legislative debates, Committee reports, etc.
48 Biswambhar Singh v. State of Orissa, AlR 1954 SC 139:
1954 SCR 842 229
49 M/s. Hiralal Rattanlal v. State of U.P. (1973) 1SCC 216 236
S0 Manoharlal v. State of Punjab, AIR 1961 SC 418:
(1961) 2 SCR 343 244

51 Shashikant Laxman Kale v. Union of India, AIR 1990 SC 2114:

(1990) 4 SCC 366 247
52. S.R. Chaudhary v. State of Punjab (2001) 7 SCC 126
53 State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap, AlR 1973 SC 255
 53. State of Mysore v. RV. Bidap. AIR 1973 SC 255
Topic 4: The Basics of Legislative Drafting
(a) What is legislative drafting all about?
(i) Drafting and legislative Counsel
(ii) Legislative expression
(b) What is legislation?
(i) Types of legislation
(iü) Classification of primary legislation (Bills and Acts)
(ii) Structure and format Bills and Acts
(iv) Conventional structure of Bills and Acts

(c) Preparation of legislative scheme

(i) Clear concept of the legislative proposals; Preparation of conceptual outline
(ii) Check the existing law
(ii) Impotance and preparation of skeleton legislation and legislative scheme
(d) Basic Techniques of Legislative Drafting

(i) Style
(ii) Simplicity of Language
(iii) Over Drafting
(iv) Vagueness
The Drafting of Law in Plain Language Bill, 2018, available at:
http://164.100.47.4/billstexts/Isbilltexts/asintroduced/2322as.pdf

Topic 5: Structure and style in Legislative Drafting

(a) Grammar and puntuation marks
(i) Why is grammar important for drafting?
(i) What grammatical terms do we need to know?
(iüi) What common grammatical mistakes should we watch for?
(iv) How do we punctuate and capitalize

(b) How do we put together the components of legislative sentences?

(i) Principal subject
(üi) Principal predicate
(iüi) Predicate modifiers

(C) How should we structure a legislative text?

(i) General considerations
(iü) Drafting sections
(üi) Drafting sentences in sections
(iv) Paragraphing
(v) Numbering
(vi) Ordering and linking sentences in a section
(vii) Linking sections
(viüi) Incoporation by reference
(ix) Grouping Section

(d) How should we organize a legislative text?

(i) General considerations
(ü) Preparing an outline
(üi) Factors influencing an outline for a Bill

Note: Cases marked with asterisk () have not been provided in this material. Students are
advised to read them.

IMPORTANT NOTE:
1. The students are advised to read only the books prescribed above along with
legislations and cases.
2. The topics and cases given above are not exhaustive. The teachers teaching the course
shall be at liberty to add new topics/cases.
3. The students are required to study the legislations as amended up-to-date and consult
the latest editions of books.