Reflect Reading & Writing 5

Unit 1 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

assemble* v. to put together 2 C2

course (of events) n. progress over time 1 C1
deliberately* adv. not by accident; on purpose 1 B2
demonstrate* v. to show; to prove 2 B2
engage v. to hold people’s attention 1 C1
exclusively* adv. only 2 C1
formal adj. serious; official 1 B2
habitat* n. a place where an animal normally lives 1 C1
humanity n. human beings as a group 1 C1
implications* n. possible future effects 2 C1
link* n. one connection in a series 1 B2
mode n. a way of doing something 2 C1
portrait n. a picture or photo of a person 1 B2
prompt v. to cause something to happen 1 C2
recall v. to remember 2 B2
remote adj. far away from other places 1 B2
slightly adv. a little 2 B2
store v. to put something away until you need it 2 B2
superior adj. much better 2 C2
trigger* v. to make something happen quickly in response 2 C1

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 2 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

claim v. to say something is true 1 B2

collaborate v. to work together 1 C1
component n. a part 1 C1
demand n. the need for goods or services 2 B2
eliminate* v. to end completely 1 C1
extend v. to make something last longer 2 B2
extract* v. to take out 1 B2
flaw n. a mistake 1 C1
harmony n. peaceful cooperation 1 B2
key n. the most important thing 2 B1
ownership n. the state of owning something 2 C1
possession n. a thing that you own 2 B2
principle* n. a basic rule 1 C1
purchase* n. a thing that you buy 2 B2
renewable adj. able to be replaced or renewed 2 C1
survey* n. a set of questions to find out what people think 2 B2
or do
sustainable* adj. able to last a long time 1 C1
turn to v. phr. to get help from someone 2 B2
upgrade v. to improve something or exchange it for 2 B2
something better
wear out v. phr. to become damaged or useless 1 B1

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 3 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

adapt* v. to change something for different conditions or 1 B2

use
bacteria* n. pl. very small organisms that live everywhere and 1 C1
sometimes cause disease
break down v. phr. to change chemically into smaller parts 1 B1
critical adj. very important; necessary 1 B2
drawback n. a disadvantage 2 C1
fake adj. not real 2 C1
flexible* adj. able to bend 2 B2
fragile adj. easily broken 2 C2
ironically adv. in an unexpected way 2 C2
limitation n. something that controls or reduces activity 1 C1
luxury adj. very expensive but not necessary 2 C1
nutritious adj. containing substances that are necessary for 1 C1
growth and good health
preserve v. to prepare food so it does not go bad 1 B2
scarce adj. hard to find 2 C1
settle v. to go live somewhere permanently 1 B2
stiff adj. hard to bend 2 B2
take off v. phr. to suddenly become successful 2 B2
tightly adv. firmly; in a way that is difficult to open again 1 B2
transform* v. to change completely 1 B2
wire n. a thin piece of metal 2 B2

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 4 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

ambitious adj. requiring a great deal of time, effort, and skill to 1 B2

achieve
appeal to v. phr. to attract; to please 2 B2
assertive adj. confident and direct 1 C2
contemplate v. to think about carefully 2 C2
credit* n. praise and approval 1 B2
current adj. happening now 2 B2
determined adj. wanting something a lot and not letting 1 B2
anything stop you
disrupt v. to change the traditional way that something 1 B2
works
gap n. something missing 2 C2
harmful adj. causing hurt or damage 2 B2
insurance n. protection against a future problem 1 B2
investor* n. a person who puts money into a company 2 B2
network* n. a group of people or organizations that are 1 B2
connected
pursue* v. to try hard to achieve something 1 C1
remarkable adj. unusually good; special 1 B2
secure* adj. safe; without risk 1 B2
setback n. something that stops or slows a process 2 C1
supply n. amount available 2 B2
supportive adj. helpful and encouraging 2 C1
texture n. the way something feels when you touch it 2 C1

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 5 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

adorable adj. lovable 2 -

apparent* adj. clear 2 B2
assume* v. to think something is true without proof 2 B2
bond* n. a connection 2 B2
bully v. to scare and threaten 2 C1
contagious adj. easily spread from one person to another 1 -
distinguish v. to recognize or understand the difference 1 B2
between two things
emerge* v. to come out or start to develop 1 B2
engage in v. phr. to take part in 1 C2
episode n. an event 2 B2
evolve* v. to change slowly over time 1 C1
humorous adj. funny 2 C1
industrialized* adj. describing places with well-developed 1 C1
manufacturing
innate* adj. natural from birth 1 C2
origin n. the beginning or cause of something 1 B2
primarily* adv. mainly 1 B2
purely* adv. completely 2 C1
tease v. to make fun of 2 B2
threatening adj. showing the possibility that something bad will 1 B2
happen
turn out v. phr. to happen; to end up 2 B2

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 6 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

aggressive adj. threatening and unfriendly 1 B2

calculate v. to get a general idea about a cost or amount 2 B2
circumstance* n. a condition 1 B2
contaminate v. to make something dirty or less pure by adding 2 -
something harmful
critic n. a person who says they don’t approve of 2 B2
something
gene n. a part of a cell passed from parent to child 1 C1
harvest* n. to pick and collect crops (e.g. apples) 2 B2
import v. to bring in goods from another country 2 B2
impractical adj. not sensible or easy to do 2 -
integrate* v. to combine two things into one 2 C1
potential* n. the ability to develop and succeed 2 B2
predator* n. an animal that kills other animals 1 C1
random* adj. done by chance, not planned 1 C1
suited to adj. well matched for 1 C1
surface n. the top layer 1 B2
territory n. an area that an animal or group of animals uses 1 B2
thrive v. to live successfully 1 C1
trait* n. a characteristic 1 C2
vertical* adj. at a 90-degree angle from the ground 2 C1
yield n. the amount that is produced 2 C2

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 7 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

account n. a description of an event 1 B2

capture v. to record 2 B2
distressing adj. upsetting 2 B2
eager adj. really wanting to do something 1 B2
inferior* adj. not as good as others 2 C1
infrastructure* n. the basic systems and structures that a city or 1 C1
country needs to work effectively
make a living v. phr. to earn enough money 2 B2
peer n. a person who is similar to another, particularly 1 C1
in age
penetrate v. to go through 2 -
potential* adj. likely to develop into something 1 B2
prohibit* v. to not allow; to ban 2 B2
replicate* v. to do again in the same way 2 -
reveal* v. to show 1 B2
ruin v. to destroy 2 B2
shot n. a photo 2 B2
show off v. phr. to attract attention to 1 B2
sincere adj. honest and real C1
steady adj. smooth and constant 1 B2
stunning adj. extremely beautiful 1 B2
worthy of adj. deserving of 1 C1

* Academic Word

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Reflect Reading & Writing 5
Unit 8 Vocabulary List

WORD POS DEFINITION READING CEFR

absorb* v. to take in 1 B2
apparel n. clothing; things to wear 2 -
bounce v. to move up or away after hitting a surface 2 B2
crucial* adj. extremely important 1 B2
dimensions* n. measurements 2 B2
distribution* n. the way things or people are spread out in an 1 C1
area
dominate* v. to be the most important or to control 1 B2
drain* v. to reduce; to take away 2 C2
elite* adj. best; most skilled 2 C1
endurance n. the ability to do something difficult or painful 1 C2
for a long time
explosive adj. having sudden and great force 1 C2
frontier n. the border between what is known and what is 2 C2
unknown
have to do with v. phr. to be about; to be related to 2 B2
indicator* n. a signal or sign 2 -
momentum* n. the force that keeps an object moving 2 C2
monitor* v. to watch a situation carefully 2 C2
peak n. the highest point 1 B2
profile n. a description of someone’s characteristics 1 B2
resistance n. a force that stops something or slows it down 1 C2
stimulate v. to encourage growth or development 1 B2

* Academic Word

Reflect Reading & Writing 5 Vocabulary Lists © National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning