MARITIME LAW AND IMO CONVENTIONS

MT 292
AND
BS 292

Prepared by
Captain: Tamer Mohammed Hashem
 Chapter 11

International Convention for the

Prevention of Pollution From Ships
MARPOL 73/78
 MARPOL 73/78

• Introduction

• Annex I – Oil

• Annex IV Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by

Sewage From Ships.

• Annex V: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by

Garbage From Ships.
 Introduction

MARPOL 73/78 is the International

Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution From Ships, 1973 as
modified by the Protocol of 1978.
("MARPOL" is short for marine
pollution and 73/78 short for the
years 1973 and 1978.)
 Introduction

• MARPOL 73/78 is one of the most important international

marine environmental conventions.

• It was designed to minimize pollution of the seas,

including dumping, oil and exhaust pollution.

• Its stated object is: to preserve the marine environment

 Introduction

• The original MARPOL Convention was signed on 17 February

1973, but did not come into force.

• The current Convention is a combination of 1973 Convention

and the 1978 Protocol. It entered into force on 2 October
1983

• As of 31 December 2005, 136 countries, representing 98% of

the world's shipping tonnage, are parties to the Convention,
there are 152 countries party to the agreement MARPOL 73/78
(Annex I/II) as of August 31, 2012
 Introduction
• ▪ MARPOL contains two instruments, legal and technical:

1- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution

From Ships, 1973.
2- Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for
the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
3- Protocol 1: Provisions concerning Reports on Incidents
Involving Harmful Substances.
4- Protocol 11: Arbitration
5- Protocol 1997 for some additional amendments.
6- 6 annexes.
 Introduction
• ▪ MARPOL contains 6 annexes, concerned with preventing
different forms of marine pollution from ships:

• Annex I - Oil
• Annex II - Noxious Liquid Substances carried in Bulk
• Annex III - Harmful Substances carried in Packaged Form
• Annex IV - Sewage
• Annex V - Garbage
• Annex VI - Air Pollution
 MARPOL

Annex I – Oil
 Annex I – Oil

• Covers prevention of pollution by oil from operational

measures as well as from accidental discharges, bunker,
lubrication oil, cargo (crude oil, products).

• This annex apply to every oil tanker of 150 tons gross

tonnage and above, and every other ship of 400 tons gross
tonnage.
 Special areas

• Special area means a sea area where for recognized

technical reasons in relation to its oceanographically and
ecological condition and to the particular character of its
traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for the
prevention of sea pollution by oil is required.

• The special areas are the Mediterranean Sea area, the Baltic
Sea area, the Black Sea area, the Red Sea area, the "Gulfs
area", the Gulf of Aden area and the Antarctic area, the
North West European waters, the gulf of Oman, Southern
south African waters.
 Exceptions
• Regulations 9 and 10 of this Annex shall not apply to:

• (a) the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture necessary
for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving
life at sea

• (b) the discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture resulting
from damage to a ship or its equipment

• (c) the discharge into the sea of substances containing oil,

approved by the Administration, when being used for the
purpose of combating specific pollution incidents in order to
minimize the damage from pollution.
 Certificates and Documents for applying
this annex

An International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate

• shall be issued, after survey in accordance with the provisions

of regulation 4 of this Annex,

• to any oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and
any other ships of 400 tons gross tonnage and above
which are engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals
under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention, for a
period specified by the Administration,

• which shall not exceed five years from the date of issue.
 Certificates and Documents for applying
this annex

• A certificate shall cease to be valid

1. If significant alterations have taken place in the

construction, equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements
or material required without the sanction of the
Administration, except the direct replacement of such
equipment or fittings.

2. If intermediate surveys are not carried out

3. Upon transfer of the ship to the flag of another State.

4. In case of big accidents.

 Types of surveys

• Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above, and
every other ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above shall be
subject to the surveys specified below:

Initial survey
• Before the ship is put in service.
• which shall include a complete survey of its structure,
equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material in so
far as the ship is covered by this Annex
 Types of surveys

Periodical surveys
at intervals specified by the Administration but not exceeding
five years, which shall be such as to ensure that the structure,
equipment, systems, fittings, arrangements and material fully
comply with the requirements of this Annex, and, if issued a
new certificate can call it Renewal survey.
 Types of surveys

intermediate survey
• A minimum of one intermediate survey during the period of
validity of the Certificate which shall be such as to ensure
that the equipment, fully comply with the applicable
requirements of this Annex .

• In cases where only one such intermediate survey is earned

out in any one Certificate validity period, it shall be held not
before six months prior to, nor later than six months after
the half-way date of the Certificate's period of validity.
Such intermediate surveys shall be endorsed on the Certificate
issued under regulation 5 of this Annex.
 Equipment for applying of certificate
requirements

Oily water separator

• this device separating the oil from the water in any oily water
per million.(15 part of oil to million part of water )
 A-Documents to be carried in all ship other
than oil tanker
1- Oil record book No. A:
for machinery space operations (all ships):
• (I) ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks.
• (ii) discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from tanks
referred to under (i) of the subparagraph.
• (iii) disposal of oily residues (sludge).
• (iiv)discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water
which has accumulated in machinery spaces.
• The Oil Record Book shall be kept in such a place as to be
readily available for inspection at all reasonable times and,
except in the case of unmanned ships under tow, shall be kept
on board the ship. It shall be preserved for a period of three
years after the last entry has been made.
 A-Documents to be carried in all ship other
than oil tanker
2-Engine room Log Book

3-Tank Sounding Book

4- Instruction manual for operating Oily water separator device

5-Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP):

• (1) Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above
and every ship other than an oil tanker of 400 tons gross
tonnage and above shall carry on board a shipboard oil
pollution emergency plan approved by the Administration.
• (2) Such a plan shall be in accordance with guidelines
developed by the Organization and written in the working
language of the master and officers.
 A-Documents to be carried in all ship other
than oil tanker
• Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP):
The plan shall consist at least of-.
(a)the procedure to be followed by the master or other
persons having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution
incident.
(b)the list of authorities or persons to be contacted in the
event of an oil pollution incident.
(c)a detailed description of the action to be taken immediately
by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil
following the incident.
(d)the procedures and point of contact on the ship for
coordinating shipboard action with national and local
authorities in combating the pollution.
 B-Documents to be carried in oil tanker
• In addition to all documents carried in pervious paragraph,
the oil tanker has to carry:

6- Oil record book no. B

• for cargo/ballast operations (oil tankers):

(I) loading of oil cargo;
(ii)internal transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
(iii)unloading of oil cargo;
(iv)ballasting of cargo tanks and dedicated clean ballast tanks;
(v)cleaning of cargo tanks including crude oil washing;
(vi)discharge of ballast except from segregated ballast tanks;
 B-Documents to be carried in oil tanker
(vii)discharge of water from slop tanks;
(viii)closing of all applicable valves or similar devices after slop
tank discharge operations;
(ix)closing of valves necessary for isolation of dedicated clean
ballast tanks from cargo and stripping lines after slop tank
discharge operations;
(x)disposal of residues.

• The Oil Record Book shall be kept in such a place as to be

readily available for inspection at all reasonable times and,
except in the case of unmanned ships under tow, shall be kept
on board the ship. It shall be preserved for a period of three
years after the last entry has been made.
 Control of discharge of oil
• Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships to
which this Annex applies shall be prohibited except when all
the following conditions are satisfied

(a)For an oil tanker:

(I) the tanker is not within a special area
(ii) the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land
(iii) the tanker is proceeding en route
(iv) the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not
exceed 30 liters per nautical mile
 Control of discharge of oil

(v) the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not
exceed for existing tankers 1/15,000 of the total quantity of
the particular cargo of which the residue formed a part, and for
new tankers 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particular
cargo of which the residue formed a part; and

(vi) the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and

control system and a slop tank arrangement as required by
regulation 15 of this Annex.
 Control of discharge of oil
• (b) From a ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above
other than an oil tanker
and from machinery space bilges excluding cargo pump-room
bilges of an oil tanker unless mixed with oil cargo residue:

(I) the ship is not within a special area;

(ii) the ship is proceeding en route
(iii) the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not
exceed 15 parts per million
(iv)The ship has in operation equipment.
 Report for oil pollution

• In case of oil pollution , ship`s master has to inform The

competent authorities without delay and send the Report for
oil pollution to nearest coastal authority, Otherwise subjected to
criminal punishment according to the law of the State which
the pollution happened in its waters.
 General Data report for oil
Pollution
▪ General Data report for oil pollution
A. identity of ships involved;
B. time, type and location of incident;
C. time, type and location of View incident,
D. sea , wind and current condition,
E. ship`s position,
F. details of ship`s condition.
▪ Particulars data
A. Data about cargo (commercial and chemical names),
B. Amount that spilled and its concentration,
C. Description of packs and its marks,
D. Name of consignee and shipper and factory,
E. Any other data requested by received authority.
 MARPOL

Annex IV

Regulations for the Prevention of

Pollution by Sewage from Ships
 Annex IV
• This annex contains requirements to control pollution of the
sea by sewage coming from accommodation and clinic or
hospital on board ship, which her gross tonnage 200 ton or
more and carry 10 persons or more.
• The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except
1. when the ship has in operation an approved sewage
treatment plant
2. when the ship is discharging comminuted and disinfected
sewage using an approved system at a distance of more
than 4 nautical miles from the nearest land;
sewage which is not comminuted or disinfected has to be
discharged at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles
from the nearest land, at speed not less than 3 knots.
 Annex IV

In July 2011, IMO adopted the most recent amendments to

MARPOL Annex IV which are expected to enter into force on 1
January 2013. The amendments introduce the Baltic Sea as a
special area under Annex IV and add new discharge
requirements for passenger ships while in a special area.
 An International Sewage Pollution
Prevention Certificate
• To any ship which is engaged in voyages to ports or offshore
terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the
Convention.

• This certificate shall be drawn up in an official language of the

issuing country in the form corresponding to the model given in
the appendix to this Annex. If the language used is neither
English nor French, the text shall include a translation into
one of these languages.

• The International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate shall

be issued for a period specified by the Administration, which
shall not exceed five years from the date of issue, and
subject to annual survey
 Equipment &
Documents
▪ Equipment

• the ship has in operation an approved sewage treatment

plant which has been certified by the Administration to meet
the operational requirements of this Annex, and , Holding
tank.

▪ Documents

• In case of the ship has an approved sewage treatment plant,

so, must found instruction manual.
 MARPOL

Annex V

Regulations for the Prevention of

Pollution by Garbage from Ships
 Annex V
• This annex deals with different types of garbage and specifies the
distances from land and the manner in which they may be disposed
of; the most important feature of the Annex is the complete ban
imposed on the disposal into the sea of all forms of plastics.

▪ Types of garbage

1. All plastics, including but not limited to synthetic ropes, synthetic

fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from
plastic products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues.
2. Dunnage, lining and packing materials which will float;
3. Food wastes and all other garbage including paper products,
rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse;
4 All wastes from engine room
 Annex V
▪ Special areas

• the special areas are the Mediterranean Sea area, the Baltic
Sea area, the Black Sea area, the Red Sea area, the ‘‘Gulfs
area’’, the North Sea area, the Antarctic area and the Wider
Caribbean Region, including the Gulf of Mexico and the
Caribbean Sea.

• ▪ Equipment

• A comminuter or grinder for food wastes, and all other garbage

except plastic.
• An Incinerator to burn all garbage except plastic.
• Separated boxes for collecting each different type of garbage.
 Annex V
▪ Documents

• Manual for operating the devices.

• Garbage management plan.

• Garbage record Book.

• Receipts for delivering the garbage to port reception facilities.

• Placards which notify the crew and passengers of the disposal

requirements.
 Garbage management plan
• Every ship of 100 tons gross tonnage and above, and
every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more
and fixed or floating platforms shall carry a garbage
management plan which the crew shall follow.

• This plan shall provide written procedures for minimizing

collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage,
including the use of the equipment on board.

• It shall also designate the person in charge of carrying out

the plan. Such a plan shall be in accordance with the
guidelines developed by the Organization and written in the
working language of the crew.
 Garbage Record Book
• Every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship
which is certified to carry 15 persons or more engaged in
voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other
Parties to the Convention and every fixed and floating platform
engaged in exploration and exploitation of the sea-bed shall be
provided with a Garbage Record Book.
• Each discharge operation, or completed incineration, shall be
recorded in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of
the incineration or discharge by the officer in charge.
• Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed
by the master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage Record Book
shall be at least in English, French or Spanish, where the entries are
also made in an official language of the State whose flag the ship is
entitled to fly.
 Disposal of garbage

(a) the disposal into the sea of all plastics, including but not
limited to synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic
garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products
which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues, is
prohibited; either inside special areas or outside it.

(b) The discharge into the sea of Cooking oil is prohibited.

 Disposal of garbage
C. Discharge of Garbage outside Special area :

• 3 nautical miles from the nearest land for the food wastes
which have been passed through a comminuter or grinder.
such comminuted or ground food wastes shall be capable of
passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25 mm.

• 12 nautical miles from the nearest land for the food wastes
not have been treated .

• when garbage is mixed with or contaminated by other

substances prohibited from discharge or having different
discharge requirements the more stringent requirements shall
apply.
 Disposal of garbage
D. Discharge of Garbage within Special area :

• Discharge into sea of food wastes as far as practicable from

the nearest land, but not less than 12 nautical miles from the
nearest land or nearest Ice shelf.
• Food wastes shall be comminuted or ground and shall be
capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater
than 25 mm.

• Food wastes shall not be contaminated by any other garbage

type .
 MARPOL

Annex VI

Regulations for the Prevention of

Air Pollution from Ships
 MARPOL Annex VI

• MARPOL Annex VI, first adopted in 1997, limits the main air
pollutants contained in ships exhaust gas, including Sulphur
oxides (SOx) and nitrous oxides (NOx), and prohibits
deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances (ODS).

• MARPOL Annex VI also regulates shipboard incineration, and

the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from
tankers.
 Revised MARPOL Annex VI

• The main changes to MARPOL Annex VI are a progressive

reduction globally in emissions of SOx, NOx and particulate
matter and the introduction of emission control areas (ECAs)
to reduce emissions of those air pollutants further in
designated sea areas.

• Under the revised MARPOL Annex VI, the global Sulphur limit
reduced from 3.50% to 0.50%, effective from 1 January 2020.
 Revised MARPOL Annex VI

• MEPC 70 (October 2016) considered an assessment of fuel oil

availability to inform the decision to be taken by the Parties to
MARPOL Annex VI, and decided that the fuel oil standard
(0.50% Sulphur limit) shall become effective on 1 January
2020.

• The limits applicable in ECAs for SOx and particulate matter

were reduced to 0.10%, from 1 January 2015.
 International Air Pollution
Prevention Certificate (IAPP)
• An International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP)
shall be issued after an initial or renewal Survey to :
1. Any ship of 400 gross tonnage and above engaged in voyages
to port or offshore terminal under the jurisdiction of other Parties.
2. Platforms and drilling rigs engaged in voyages to waters under
the sovereignty or jurisdiction of other Parties .

• An International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP)

shall issued for a period specified by the Administration , which
shall not exceed five years.
• Certificate shall cease to be valid Upon transfer of the ship to
the flag of another state.
 International Energy Efficiency
Certificate
• An international energy efficiency certificate for the ship shall
be issued after a survey to any ship of 400 gross tonnage and
above before that ship may engage in voyage to ports or
offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other parties.

• The international energy efficiency certificate shall be valid

throughout the life of the ship.
 International Energy Efficiency
Certificate
• The international energy efficiency certificate shall cease to be
valid in any of the following cases:

1. If the ship is withdrawn from service or if a new certificate is

issued following major conversion of the ship.

2. Upon transfer of the ship to flag of another state.

 ‫‪The End‬‬

‫بالتوفيق بإذن هللا‬