STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 1

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Objective Questions I [Only one correct option] 5. Suppose 10–17J of light energy is needed by the interior of
human eye to see an object. The photons of green light (=
1. The minimum real charge on of any particle, which can exist
550 nm) needed to see the object are :
is :
(a) 27 (b) 28
(a) 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb (b) 1.6 × 10–10 coulomb
(c) 29 (d) 30
(c) 4.8 × 10–10 coulomb (c) zero
Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
Sol. Minimum real charge on any particle = charge of one electron nhc
Sol. E 
 1.6  1019 coulomb 

n  2  10 25
1017 
2. The ratio of e/m, i.e., specific charge for a cathode ray : 550  109
(a) has the smallest value when the discharge tube is filled
with H2 n  275  101
(b) is constant
(c) varies with the atomic number of gas in the discharge n  27.5
tube
(d) varies with the atomic number of an element forming the
6. The approximate quantum number of a circular orbit of
cathode
diameter, 20.6 nm of the hydrogen atom according to Bohr’s
Ans. (b) theory is :
Sol. e/m ratio for cathode rays is constant as e – is the (a) 10 (b) 14
fundantental particle which is present in cathode rays
(c) 12 (d) 16
e Ans. (b)
 will be always constant
m
n2
Sol. We have rn  0.529 . A
2
3. Which are isoelectronic with each other ?
(a) Na+ and Ne (b) K+ and O 20.6 0.529(n) 2
 10 
(c) Ne and O (d) Na+ and K+ 2 1
Ans. (a) (we have converted 20.6 nm to A°)
+
Sol. Na and Ne are isoelectronic species with same no. of 103
–
electrons 10e . n2 
0.529
4. Naturally occurring elements are mixtures of :
(a) isotone (b) isobars n 2  194.7
(c) isotopes (d) isomers
n  14
Ans. (c)
Sol. Isotopes (same elements or atom have same atomic number
7. As electron moves away from the nucleus, its potential
but different mass number) energy
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) Remains constant (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
 2 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
Sol. As we move away from the nucleus PE . Increases 11. The nucleus of an atom can be assumed to be spherical.
The radius of the nucleus of mass number A is given by 1.25
× 10–13 × A1/3 cm Radius of atom is one Å. If the mass number
8. In a sample of H-atoms, electrons make transitions from n = is 64, then the fraction of the atomic volume that is occupied
5 to n = 1. If all the spectral lines are observed, then the line by the nucleus is
having the 3rd highest energy will correspond to
(a) 1.0 × 10–3 (b) 5.0 × 10–5
(a) 5  3 (b) 4  1
(c) 2.5 × 10–2 (d) 1.25 × 10–13
(c) 3  1 (d) 5  4
Ans. (d)
Ans. (c) –13 1/3
Sol. radius of nucleus (r1) = 1.25 × 10 ×A cm
Sol.
Where A is mass number
–13 1/3
given A = 64 So, r1 = 1.24 × 10 × (64)
–13
= 5 × 10 cm
radius of atom (r2)  10 8 cm  1A0

4
  r1 
3
3
volume of nucleus  5  1013 cm 
 3
volume of atom 4 3 = 
 108 cm 
5 to 1 will be highest   r2   
3
4 to 1 will be second highest
3 to 1 will be 3rd second highest  125  1015  1.25  10 13

(in term of Energy)

12. Li2+ and Be3+ are :
(a) isotopes (b) isomers
9. In any subshell, the maximum number of electrons having
same value of spin quantum number is (c) isobars (d) isoelectronic
Ans. (d)
(a)     1 (b)  + 2
Sol. Li 2 will have 1 electron
(c) 2 + 1 (d) 4 + 2
Ans. (c) Be3 will also have 1 electron
Sol. It will be equal to number of orbital which is given by
13. The mass number of three isotopes of an element are 11, 12,
2  1
and 13 units. Their percentage abundances 80, 15, and 5,
respectively. What is the atomic weight of the element ?
10. The ratio of specific charge (e/m) of an electron to that of a (a) 11.25 (b) 20
hydrogen ion is :
(c) 16 (d) 10
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1840 : 1
Ans. (a)
(c) 1 : 1840 (d) 2 : 1
Ans. (b) Atomic weight element
Sol. Hydrogen contains 1 electron and 1 proton Sol.   % abundance atomic mass
Hydrogen ion means H+ i.e, it has donated its electron 100
 we can say that H+ is nothing but proton.
11  80  12  15  13  5

(e / m) e e mp mp 100
 e   1840 :1
(e / m) proton m e ep me
880  180  65
  11.25
100
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 3
14. The given diagram indicates the energy levels of a certain 1 1 1
atom. When the system moves from 2E level to E level, a  
300 496 3
photon of wavelength  is emitted. The wavelength of
4E 1 1 1
photon produced during the transition from to E level  
3 3 300 496
is : 300  496
3 
496  300
148800
  759
196

16. 4000 Å photon is used to break the iodine molecule,then the

% of energy converted to the K.E. of iodine atoms if bond
 3
(a) (b) dissociation energy of I 2 molecule is 246.5 kJ/mol
3 4
(a) 8% (b) 12%
4 (c) 17% (d) 25%
(c) (d) 3
3 Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
Sol. hv  hv0  KE

Sol. When e moves from 2E to E
hc 12400evA0
E   3.1eV
hc  4000 A0
Energy  2E  E  E 
1
kJ
energy in 
mol 3.111.6 10  6 10 10
–19 23 –3
4E
Now when e moves from of E
3
= 297 kJ/mol
K.E. = hv - hvo
4E E hc
Energy  E   297  246.5  50.5kJ / mol
3 3 2 505
K .E  100  17%
hc 297
Now E   put this in equation (ii)
1

hc hc 17. Consider a 20 W light source that emits monochromatic

 light of wavelength 600 nm. The number of photons ejected
31 2
per second in the form of Avogadro’s constant NAV is
2  31 approximately :
(a) NAV (b) 10–2NAV
15. A photon of 300 nm is absorbed by a gas and then re-emits (c) 10–4 NAV (d) 10–6 NAV
two photons. One re-emitted photon has wavelength 496 Ans. (c)
nm, the wavelength of second re-emitted photon is :
Energy
(a) 759 (b) 857 Sol. Pow er 
time
(c) 957 (d) 657
Ans. (a) nhc
20 
Sol. Here we will use conservation of energy   1sec

E1  E 2  E 3 20  600  10 9
n
2  10 25
hc hc hc
 
1 2 3 n  6  10 13
 4 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
20. Which of the correct graphical representation based on
N A  6.02  10 23 photoelectric effect (assuming v > v0)

 n  N A  10 4

18. The work function of a metal is 4.2 eV. If radiations of 2000 Å

fall on the metal. then the kinetic energy of the fastest
photoelectron is
(a) 1.6 × 10–19 J (b) 16 × 1010 J
(c) 3.2 × 10–19 J (d) 6.4 × 10–10 J
Ans. (c)
Sol. E = W0 + KE (a) I and II (b) II and III
(c) III and IV (d) II and IV
hc
KE   4.2eV Ans. (d)

Sol.
6.6  1034  3  108
  4.2  1.602  1019
2000 1010

 3.2  1019 J
19. If a certain metal was irradiated by using two different light
radiations of frequency ‘x’ and ‘2x’, the maximum kinetic
energy of the ejected electrons are ‘y’ and ‘3y’ respectively.  a straight line ubich does not passes through origin
The threshold frequency of the metal will be :
(a) x/3 (b) x/2
(c) 3x/2 (d) 2x/3
Ans. (b)

Sol. hx  hv0  y ....(i) and we also know that no. of photons  Intensity of light
h.2 x  hv0  3 y ....(ii)

hv0 will be same as it is work function and it is a


property of a metal. divide (i) and (ii)

h  x  v0  y

h  2 x  v0  3y 21. Photoelectron emission is observed for three different metals
A, B and C. The kinetic energy of the fastest photoelectrons
3x  3v0  2 x  v0 versus frequency ‘’ is plotted for each metal. Which of the
following graph shows the phenomenon correctly ?
x  2v0

x
v0 
2 (a) (b)
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 5

16
  1 3 .6
225
= 0.071 × 13.6
(c) (d) = 0.96
Hence correct answer is option (a)
23. If the total energy of an electron in the 1 st shell of H
atom = 0.0 eV then its potential energy in the 1st excited state
Ans. (c)
would be
Sol. A, B, C differental so there v is also different
(a) + 6.8 eV (b) + 20.4 eV
(c) – 6.8 eV (d) + 3.4 eV
22. Which of the following electronic transition in a hydrogen Ans. (a)
atom will require the largest amount of energy
Sol. We know that PE  2TE
(a) From n = 1 to n =2 (b) From n = 2 to n=3
(c) From n   to n  1 (d) From n = 3 to n = 5 Actually E1  13.6eV E2  3.4eV
Ans. (a)
Sol. The electronic transition
PE1  27.2 PE2  6.8eV

1 1  In ques it is given E1  0 that means we have added

E  13.6  2  1  z 2
 n1 n2  +13.6 to total energy of each orbit
1 1  E1  0 E2  13.6  3.4
E   2  2 
 n1 n2 
 10.2
for opiton (a) n = 1, n = 2
now 1" excited state is n  2
1 1 
E      13.6
1 4  PE2  2TE2
E  .75  13.6  10.2eV
for option (b)  2  10.2  20.4eV
n = 2 to n = 3 24. Ratio of frequency of revolution of electron in the 2nd excited
state of He+ and 2nd state of hydrogen is
1 1 1 1
  2  2 13.6     13.6 (a) 32/27 (b) 27/32
2 3  4 9 (c) 1/54 (d) 27/2
5 Ans. (a)
 (–13.6)
36
z2
= 0.138 × (–13.6) Sol. f 
n3
= –1.87
option (d) 2 nd excited state means n  3
2 nd state of Hydrogen n  2
1 1
  2  2 13.6
3 5  22
f3 3 4 8 32
1 1   32   
   13.6 f2 1 27 1 27
 9 25 
23
 6 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
25. Which of the following curves represent the speed of the E is in visible region
electron of hydrogen atom as a function of principal quantum uv region has higher energy radiation than visible.
number ‘n’ ?
n1 , n2  will be max

 line which will be having higher energy than E will lie

under uv region
 A only
27. If each hydrogen atom in the ground state of 1.0 mole of H-
atoms is excited by absorbing photons of energy 8.4eV, 12.09
(a) 1 (b) 2 eV and 15.0 eV of energy, then the number of spectral lines
(c) 3 (d) 4 emitted is equal to :
Ans. (a) (a) None (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
6 Z Ans. (c)
Sol. v  speed  2.16  10 m / sec
n
 1 1 
Sol.  E  13.6   2  3   1.89eV
1 2 3 
v  Thus,
n
If we increase n, v should decrease E= 12.09 eV
This will be only absorbed rest is useless (unabsorbed) so,
from n2 = 3 “to” n1 = 1 we have  corrsponding to
3  2, 2  1 and 3  1 so, total true spectral line.

26. For a hypothetical H like atom which follows Bohr’s model,

some spectral lines were observed as shown.
If it is known that line ‘E’ belongs to the visible region, 28. A certain transition in H-spectrum from an excited state to
ground state in one or more steps gives rise to a total of ten
then the lines possibly belonging to ultra violet region will lines. How many of these belong to visible spectrum ?
be ( n1 is necessarily ground state)
(a) 3 (b) 4
n5 (c) 5 (d) 6
n4
C B Ans. (a)
n3
D A Sol. for visible region n = 2
n2
E
n1
n( n  1)
[Assume for this atom, no spectral series shows overlaps total lines 
2
with other series in the emmission spectrum]
(a) B and D (b) D only n2  n
(c) C only (d) A only 10 
2
Ans. (d)
Sol. n 2  n  20  0

n 2  5 n  4 n  20  0
n5
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 7
31. The accelerating potential that must be imparted to proton
beam to give an wavelength 5 pm.
(a) 32.8 V (b) 3.28 V
(c) 328 V (d) 0.328 V
Ans. (a)

h
Sol. for proton, v =
Now In visible region only Balmer series come. For that m
they should come to n = 2
6.626  10–34
3 v 
1.672  10 –27  0.005  109
29. The series limit for Balmer series of H-spectra is
= 7.93 = 104 metre sec–1 .......(i)
(a) 3800 Å (b) 4200 Å
(c) 3646 Å (d) 4000 Å
If accelerating potential is V, then velocity acquired by the
Ans. (c) changed particle having charge Q and mass m,
Sol. For series limit you have to find the shortest wavelength is. (1/2) mu2 = Q.V
n   to n  2  ( for Balmer )
2Q.V 2  1.602  1019
v  V
1 1 1  m 1.672  10 27
 Rz 2  2  2 
 2   By Eqs. (i) and (ii)
V = 32.82volt
1 R 4 4 32. A proton accelerated from rest through a potential difference
  
 4 R 10967000m 1 of ‘V’ volts has a wavelength  associated with it. An alpha
0
particle in order to have the same wavelength must be
R  3 6 46 A accelerated from rest through a potential difference of
30. What is the total number of pairs of electrons at least three (a) V volt (b) 4V volt
same quantum numbers for Be ? (c) 2V volt (d) V/8 volt
(a) 2 (b) 4 Ans. (d)
(c) 3 (d) 8 h
Ans. (b) Sol. For proton p  2 m p ep v
Sol. Be configuration is 1s 2s we can have set of quantum
2 2
h
For  particle  
numbers as
2 m  e v 2
1
1 0 0  m  4m p   p
2
1 e  2e p
1 0 0 
2
1 h h
 
2 0 0  2 mp ep v 2 m  e v 2
2
1  m e v2  m p e p v
2 0 0   
2 4m p 2e p
If we talk about at least 3 same quantum number then all
the electrons have 3 same quantum number.. v
 v2  volts
8
 8 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
33. What is the de–Broglie wavelength associated with the (a) E1 > E3 > E2 (b) E2 > E3 > E1
hydrogen electron in its third orbit (c) E1 < E3 < E2 (d) E1 = E2 = E3
(a) 9.96 × 10–10 cm (b) 9.96 × 10–8 cm Ans. (a)
(c) 9.96 × 104 cm (d) 9.96 × 108 cm
h
Ans. (b) Sol. 
2mKE
h
Sol. db  h h
mv p   e 
2m p E3 2me E1
h  6.626  10  34 J.sec
h
1   
6
v  2.16 10  2m E2
3
h h h
 0.72  10 6  
2me E1 2m E2 2m p E3
6.6  10 34
 1 1 1
9.1  10 31  7.2  105  
me E1 m E2 m p E3
  0.1  10  8 m
  10  7 cm me  m p  m
For their product to be equal
34. De-Broglie wavelength for an electron is related to applied
voltage as
E1  E3  E2
36. If the value of (n + l) is more than 3 and less than 6, then
12.3 12.3
(a)   Å (b)   Å what will be the possible number of orbitals ?
h V
(a) 6 (b) 9
12.3 12.3 (c) 10 (d) 13
(c)   Å (d)   Å
E m
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol. 3  n  1  6
h 6.6  1034 Jsec
Sol.
th   Then n  1  4 or n  1  5
2mev 0 2  9.1 1031  1.6 10 19  v0
pssible cases are
34
6.6  10 n4 I 0 4 s  1 orbital

5.39  1025 v 0
n  3 11 3 p  3orbital
34 25
1.224  10  10 m n  2 l  2
 not possible as l can be ( n  1) max
v0 n  1 l  3 
1.22 Now for n  1  5
 109 1010 A0
v0 n  5 1 0 5s  1 orbital
12.2 0 n  4 1  1 4 p  3 orbital
 A n  3 1  2 3d  5 orbital
v0
n  2 1  3
Not possible
35. If E1, E2 and E3 represent respectively the kinetic energies of n  1 1  4 
an electron, an alpha particle and a proton each having same
de Broglie wavelength then :  Total orbitals  1  3  1  3  5
 13
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 9
37. Which of the following pairs of ions have the same electronic (c) ‘A’ is for 2s and ‘B’ for 2p
configuration ? (d) ‘A’ is for 2p and ‘B’ for 2s
(a) Cr3+, Fe3+ (b) Fe3+, Mn2+ Ans. (a)
(c) Fe3+, Co3+ (d) Sc3+, Cr3+ Sol. 2s = n – l – 1  2 – 0 – 1 = 1
Ans. (b) 1s = n – l – 1  1 – 0 – 1 = 0
3 3
Sol. Cr  [Ar]3 d 1s orbital has no node and 2s orbital has 1 radial node which
is shown in graphs respectively
Fe 3  [Ar]3 d 5 40. In the following two figures, ( 2 ) is plotted against (r) the
distance from nucleus :
Mn  2  [Ar]3 d 5

CO 3  [Ar]3 d 6

Sc3  [Ar]3 d 0 4 s0

38. How many of the following ions have the same magnetic
moments ?
(a) Both (A) and (B) are for 1s
Fe2+ Mn2+ Cr2+ Ni2+
(b) Both (A) and (B) are for 2s
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (A) is for 1s and (B) is for 2s
(c) 3 (d) 4 (d) (A) is for 2s and (B) is for 1s
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)
Sol.
Sol. Magnetic moment   B  n(n  2)

If s is same then n has to be same So, we will just

check whether they have same number of unpaired electrons
or not

Fe 2  [Ar]3 d 6  4 unpaired e  again is will have no radial node so its graph will not

Mn 2  [Ar]3 d 5  5 unpaired touch x axis while 2 s will have 1 radial nodes so it

graph will touch x -axis once in between r = 0 and
Cr  2  [Ar]3 d 4  4 unpaired e -
41. Let us consider following graph for radial distribution
2 8
Ni [Ar]3d  2unpaired e - function. Which of the following has correct matching of
curve and orbital ?
2
39. In following two plots,  2 is plotted against the distance ‘r’
from nucleus.

(a) A (3p) B (3d) C (3s) (b) A (3s) B (3p) C (3d)

(c) A (3d) B (3p) C (3s) (d) A (3s) B (3d) C (3p)
Select the correct statement : Ans. (a)
(a) ‘A’ is for 1s and ‘B’ for 2s Sol. For 3s  3  0  1  2
(b) ‘A’ is for 2s and ‘B’ for 1s
 10 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

3p  3  1  1  1 21

3d  3  2 1 = 0
 A (3p)B(3 d)C(3 s)

Objective Questions II 45. Which of the following parameters are not same for all
hydrogen like atoms and ions in their ground state ?
[One or more than one correct option]
(a) Radius of orbit (b) Speed of electron
42. The number of orbitals in nth Bohrs orbit of an atom
equal to (c) Energy of the atom

(a) n2 (b) 2n2 (d) Orbital angular momentum of electron

(c) (2l + 1) (d) possible values of ‘m’ Ans. (a,b,c)
Ans. (a,d)
n2 0
2
Sol. No. of bohr orbit is equal to n and possible values of Sol. rn  0.529 A
magnetic quantum no. ‘m’
z
43. The number of electrons in Na(11) having l = 0 are z
v n  2.18  10 6 m / sec
equal to n
(a) there are two electrons in 1s orbital. z2
(b) there are two electrons in 2s orbital. E n   13.6 eV
n2
(c) there are two electrons in 2p orbital.
Orbital angular momentum
(d) there are one electrons in 3s orbital.
h
Ans. (a,b,d)   (   1) (independent of z )
2
Sol. Na  1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s1
in ra , Va ,Ca the valuc of z will be different for diff atom
l  0 , F or S subshell n ions so their values will not be same
 a,b,d
44. The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. Hydrogen 46. The angular momentum of electron can have the value (s) :
atoms in the ground state are excited by monochromatic
light of energy 12.1 eV. The spectral lines emitted by h h
(a) 0.5 (b)
hydrogen atoms according to Bohr’s theory will be  
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2 h h
(c) (d) 2.5
(c) n = 2 to n = 1 (d) n = 4 to n = 1 0.5 2
Ans. (a,b,c) Ans. (a,b,c)

Sol. For hydrogen atom h

Sol. Angular momentum mvr =
Photon energy = 12.1 ev 2
–
energy of e in excited state h
 it will be integral multiple of
-13.6ev + 12.1 = -1.5ev 2
 where n = 1,2,3 .....
13.6
for H atom energy =   En
h h
n2  if n  1   0.5
2 
13.6ev
n2  9 h
1.5ev n2

n = 3, so 3 lines are possible
31 3h h
n  3  1.5
32 2 
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 11

4h 2h h  n  5 because 1 can go upto (n-1) it will have

n4  
2  0.5 (21+1)
(d) is hot possible as in this n = 2.5 which is not valid = (2  4+1) = 9 orbitals

h h h Each orbital can have 2 electrons

 0.5 , ,
  0.5 so 18e– possible
49. Which of the following statement about quantum number is
correct ?
47. Which of the following are the limitations of Bohr’s model?
(a) If the value of l = 0, the electron distribution is spherical.
(a) It could not explain the intensities or the fine spectrum
of the spectral lines. (b) The shape of orbital is given by subsidiary quantum
number.
(b) No justification was given for the principle of the
quantization of angular momentum. (c) The Zeeman’s effect is explained by magnetic quantum
number.
(c) It could not explain why atoms should combine to form
bond. (d) The spin quantum number gives the orientations of
electron cloud.
(d) It could not be applied to multi-electron atoms.
Ans. (a,b,c)
Ans. (a,b,c,d)
Sol. If l  0 , then it is S subshell and it is spherical. Shape of
Sol. Limitations of Bohr’s Theory:
orbital is given by subsidiary or Azimuthal quantum No.
i) It does not explain the spectra of atoms or ions having Zeman's effect is explained by magnetic quantum No.
more than one electron.
ii) Bohr’s atomic model failed to account for the effect of
magnetic field (Zeeman effect) or electric field (stark 50. Which of the following configuration is/are correct in the
effect) on the spectra of atoms or ions. It was observed first excited state ?
that when the source of a spectrum is placed in a strong (a) Cr [Ar] 3d5 4s1 (b) Fe2+ [Ar] 3d5 4s1
magnetic or electric field, each spectral line further splits (c) Mn [Ar] 4s 3d
2+ 0 5
(d) Co3+ [Ar] 3d5 4s1
into a number of lines. This observation could not be Ans. (b,d)
explained on the basis of Bohr’s model.
iii) De-Broglie suggested that electrons like light have dual Sol. 1st Excited state i.e. n  1
character. It has particle and wave character. Bohr treated
the electron only as particle. Cr = [Ar]4s1 3d5 Cr  [Ar]4s0 3d5

iv) Another objection to Bohrs theory came from Heisenbergs Fe 2 [Ar]4s 0 3d 6 [Ar]4s1 3d 5
Uncertainty Principle. According to this principle it is
impossible to determine simultraneously the exact Mn2+ [Ar] 4s0 3d5 [Ar]4s1 3d 4
position and momentum of a samll moving particle like
an electron. The postulate of Bohr, that electrons revolve
Co 3 [Ar]4s0 3d 6 [Ar]4s1 3d 5
in well defined orbits around the nucleus with well
defined velocities is thus not attainable.  (b,d)

51. The magnetic moment of X n+ is 24 BM. Hence, the

48. ‘g’ orbital is possible if
species can be
(a) n = 5, l = 4 (b) it will have 18 electrons
(a) Fe2+ (b) Cr2+
(c) it will have 9 types of orbitals
(c) Mn3+ (d) Co3+
(d) it will have 22 electrons.
Ans. (a,bc,d)
Ans. (a,b,c)
Sol. For g orbital l  4 Sol.  B  n ( n  2)  24 BM
where n  magnetic moment square both the sides

n 2  2 n  24
 12 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

n 2  2n  24  0 Sol.

n 2  6n  4n  24  0
( n  6)( n  4)  0
n4
i.e. there should be 4 unpaired electrons.

Fe 2   [Ar]3 d 6

Radial nodes  n  1  1
Cr 2  [Ar]3 d 4
Angular nodes  1

Mn  3  [Ar]3 d 4 For 3 dz 2 , l  2
 2 angular nodes
3 6
CO  [Ar]3 d
54. Pick out the orbitals with the maximum number of nodal
52. The spin only magnetic moment of V (Z = 23), Cr (Z = 24) planes ?
and Mn (Z = 25) are x, y and z respectively. Which of the
following is are correct relationships ? (a) 3dxy (b) 4d z 2
(a) x > y (b) x > z (c) 4dxy (d) 2px

(c) y > z (d) x < z Ans. (a,c)

Ans. (c.d) Sol. Nodal Planes = Azimuthal quantum number

For d ; l  2 , so every d orbital will have 2 nodal planes
h
Sol. again spin magnetic moment  s ( s  1) except dz 2 as it has conical nodal
2
= unpaired spin
55. Select the correct plots for the photoelectric current.
so more the value of s more will be spin magnetic moment

3
For v  [Ar]4 S 2 3 d 3 S   x
2
6 (a) (b)
Cr  [Ar]4 S 3 d 1 5 S Y
2
5
Mn  [Ar]4 S 2 3 d 5 S   Z
2
 y  z and z  x
(c) (d)

53. For radial probability distribution curves, which of the

following is/are correct ?
Ans. (b,d)
(a) The number of maxima in 2s orbital are two
Sol.
(b) The number of spherical or radial nodes is equal to
n–l–1
(c) The number of angular nodes are ‘l’

(d) 3d 2z has two angular nodes.

Ans. (a,b,c,d)
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 13
again if number of photons  Intcnsity of light n3
3 
  2 x   2 
 photoelectric a Intensity of light and current is 3  z  3 forL i 
independent of frequency of radiation
 2 x
(2) 2
d )r2  0.529
4
z  4 for Be3 
= 2x
57. If the shortest wavelength of transition of H-atom in Lyman
series is x, then the correct conclusion is (are)
56. If the radius of first Bohr’s orbit of H-atom is x, which of the x
following is the correct conclusion ? (a) the longest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ is
4
(a) The de-Broglie wavelength in the third Bohr orbit of H- (b) the shortest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ is x
atom = 6x.
4
(b) The fourth Bohr’s radius of He+ ion = 8x. (c) the longest wavelength in Lyman series of H atom is x
3
(c) The de-Broglie wavelength in third Bohr’s orbit of
Li2+ = 2x 16x
(d) the longest wavelength in Paschen series of Li2+ is
(d) The second Bohr’s radius of Be = x2+ 7
Ans. (a,b)
Ans. (b,c,d)
2
n Sol. Shortest wavelength for H-atom in Lyman series will be from
Sol. 0.529  rn
z  to1
for n = 1, r1 = 0.529 = x (say)
1 1 1 
h r  R(1)2  2  2 
a)  db   [multiply and divide by r]  1  
mv r
1
  x (from equation (i)
hr  nh  R
  2  mvr  2 
nh   a) longest wavelength in Balmer series for He+ is
substituting value of r 32
2 n2 1 1 1 5 5
  0.529  R(2)2  2  2   4R    R
n z  2 3  36 9
0.529  x  λ=
9
=
9x
(3)  (by equation (i)
 2  x   n  3  5R 5
(1) b) Shortest wavelength in Balmer series of He+
 z  1 
will be
 6 x 2
(4) 2  n4  1 1 1 
b ) r2  0.529    R(2)2  2  2 
2  z  2 tor He   2  
 8x 1 4R

 4
2
2  0.529 n 1
c)   R
nz

 14 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

1 4 mp v 1
  x  (i ) 
R m p vp 2
c) Longest wavelength in Lyman series of H atom is from vp
 1: 8
2 1 v
1 1 1 
 R(1)2  2  2 
proton h 2m KE
 
1 2  alpha 2m p KE p h
1 3R as m  4mp

 4 Square both the sides
4 4
  x (from equation (i)
3R 3 1 4 m p ·KE

d) longest wavelength in Paschen series of Li 2 is 4 m p ·KE p
from 4  3
K . E P 16

1 1 1  KE 1
 R (3) 2  2  2 
 3 4  59. The uncertainties in measurement of position and momentum
of an electron are equal. Choose the correct statement.
1  7  (a) The uncertainty in measurement of speed = 8 × 1012.
 9R  
  9  16  (b) The uncertainty in measurement of kinetic energy =
16 16 x h
  (from equation (i) .
7R 7 8m
(c) The uncertainty in measurement of time = 9.1 × 10–31.
 (b , c , d )
(d) Increasing the wavelength of light used in the experiment
will decrease uncertainty in position and increase the
58. The ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of a proton and  - uncertainty in momentum.
particles will be 1 : 2 if their : Ans. (a,b,c)
(a) velocity are in the ratio 1 : 8 h
(b) velocity are in the ratio 8 : 1 Sol. a )  x· p 
4
(c) kinetic energy are in the ratio 16 : 1
 x   p ( given )
(d) kinetic energy are in the ratio 1 : 16
h
Ans. (b,c)  p 2 
4
Sol.
1
p1 1 (  mv ) 2   (i )
 4
p2 2
h
v 2 
h m v 1 4 m 2
 2 2 
m1v1 h 2
6.6  10 34
v 2 
m   4m p
 
2
4  3.14  0.1  10 31
h m v 1
 d  
mp vp h 2
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 15

6.6  10 34 1 h
v   Sol. a) Orbital angular momentum  (l  1)
2
4  3.14 9.1  10 31
l=2 or subshell d
0.696 10 17
 
9.1 10 31 h
 2(2  1)
2
 0.076  1014
h
 7.6  1012  6
2
h
b) ( mv) 2  from equation (i) b) number of orbitals  n 2
4
divided by 2m not 2n 2

1 h Cl  1s 2 2 s 2 2p6 3 s 2 3p5
m v 2 
2 8 m
c) According to heisenberg uncertainty principle
h 1
x· p  n  3l  1 ;m  1; s 
4 2
h
 x·m  v  (C) first excited state n = 2
4
x h (1) 2
 xm   13.6 
 t 4 E1 (1) 2 4
 2
  1: 4
E2 (4 ) 16
x 2 h  h   13 .6 
(2 ) 2
  x  4 
2
m 
t 4  
Numeric Value Type Questions
 31
 t  m  9.1  10 61. With what velocity should an alpha () particle travel towards
given x  n the nucleus of a copper atom so as to arrive at a distance
10–13 m from the nucleus of the copper atom ? (in 106 m/s)
h
 x 2   (i ) Ans. (0006)
4
Sol. According to the problem:-
given measurement of position and momentum of an electron
are equal. consider the equation
60. Which of the following is/are correct ? 1 1 2ze 2
mu2  
(a) The orbital angular momentum for a d-electron is 2 4 0 r
h Implies that
6 .
2
(b) The number of orbitals in a shell with principal quantum ze2
42 
number n is 2n2. 4 0 .m.r
(c) The correct set of quantum numbers for the last unpaired To find u,
 1 29  (1.6  10 –19 ) 2
electron of Cl atoms is 3,1,1,   . u2 
 2 3.14  8.85  10 –2  (4  1.672  10 –27 )  10 –13
(d) The ratio of energy in the first Bohr orbit of H-atom to
u = 6.3 × 106m/sec
the electron in the first excited state of Be3+ is 1 : 4.
Hence answers is ‘0006’
Ans. (a,c,d)
 16 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
62. How many of the following atoms/ions are isoelectronic
with Ca2+ : 2  1.92  10 19
v2  v 0.42  1012
Ar, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl–, F–, S2–, N3– 9.1  10 31

Ans. (0004) v  0.64  10 6 v  6.4  10 5 m / s 6

65. A hydrogen atom in the ground state is hit by a photon
Ca 2  20  2  18electrons
exciting the electron to 3rd excited state. The electron then
drops to 2nd Bohr orbit. What is the frequency of radiation
Ar  emitted in the process ? (in 1014 hz)

K  Ans. (0006)
  will have18 electrons 4
Sol. Cl  Sol. 3rd excited state means n  4

s 2 
e is dropping from n  4 to n  2
63. Infrared lamps are used in restaurants to keep the food warm.
The infrared radiation is strongly absorbed by water, raising 1 1 1
its temperature and that of the food. If the wavelength of
  RZ 2  2  2 
  n1 n2 
infrared radiation is assumed to be 1500 nm, then the number
of photons per second of infrared radiation produced by an
infrared lamp that consumes energy at the rate of 100 W and c
v
is 12% efficient only is x × 1019. Here, x is 
Ans. (0009)
c 1 1  3
Energy n hc   R4 (1) 2  2  2   R4
Sol. Power  time  t   2 4  16

given that power is i.e. efficient so. m 3

 v  109670  100 m 1  3  108 
12  n  6.6  1034  3  108 n sec 16
100     9
  9  1019
100  t  1500  10 t
v  61689.3  1010
n
 no of photons / sec v  6.1  1014 hz
t
64. Calculate the velocity of electron (in 105 m/s) ejected from 6
platinum surface when radiation of 200 nm falls on it. Work 66. The energy of separation of an electron is 30.6 eV moving in
function of platinum is 5 eV. (1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19) an orbit of Li+2. Find out the number of waves made by the
Ans. (0006) electron in one complete revolution in the orbit.

Sol. hv  hv0  KE Ans. (002)

Sol. Energy of separation = Ionisation energy
hc
   KE

hc = 1240 eV.nm z2
13.6  for H atom
n2
1240
 5  KE 6.20  5  KE For Li 2  3
200

1 30.6 (3) 2
 mv2  1.92 1019  2
KE  1.2  1.6  10  19 13.6 n
2
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 17
Ans. (b)
2 9  13.6
n 
Sol.  particles are helium nuclei  He 
2
30.6

n2  4  They are defected towards the negative plate

n2 70. Assertion : When   rays hit a thin foil of gold, only a
few   particles are deflected back.
Reason : Within an atom, there is a very small positively
Number of waves formed in an orbit = orbit number  2 charged heavy body is present.
Assertion Reason (a) A (b) B
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is (c) C (d) D
the correct explanation of assertion. Ans. (a)
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not Sol.
the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Charge
67. Assertion (A) : ratio of anode rays is found
Mass
different for different gases.
Reason : Proton is the fundamental particle present in the
gases. A few deflected as deflection is because of nucleus and
nucleus is very small
(a) A (b) B
71. Assertion : According to the wave theory, the radiation
(c) C (d) D
emitted by the body being heated should have the same
Ans. (c) colour but its intensity varies as the heating is continued.
Sol. If assertion is true but reason is false. Reason : Energy of any electromagnetic radiation depends
Because anode rays are made up of different positively upon its frequency.
charged gaseous ions
(a) A (b) B
e (c) C (d) D
 ratio also differ
m Ans. (a)
Sol. E  hv
68. Assertion : Cathode rays are produced only when the
pressure of the gas inside the discharge tube is very low.  Energy depends on frequency
Electromagnetic wave theory states that on heating only
Reason : At high pressure, no electric current flows through
the tube as gases are poor conductor of electricity. intensity changes not the colour later blackbody radiation
experiment proved this wrong.
(a) A (b) B
72. Assertion : Emission spectrum of a pure atom is line
(c) C (d) D
spectrum, not the continuous.
Ans. (a)
Reason : Energy of the atoms are quantized.
Sol. Pressure of the gas inside the discharge tube is very low as
(a) A (b) B
at high pressure, gases become poor conductor of electricity
(c) C (d) D
69. Assertion :   Particles are helium nuclei.
Ans. (c)
Reason : They are deflected slightly towards the negative –
plate and hence carry positive change. Sol. In an atom, e move in circular orbits
(a) A (b) B having different energy and that energy is quantized
(c) C (d) D
 18 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
 Emission spectrum shows lines corresponding to those 1 1
Energy Sol. Wave number v  
 5000  1010
level which is not continuous
 Energy of orbit are quantized but energy of atoms are
not  0.2  107  2  106 m 1
 If assertion is true but reason is false.  Assertion is correct
Reason is also correct by the definition of wave number.
73. Assertion : Accurate measurement of both positions and  If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the
momentum can be done simultaneously for a macroparticle. correct explanation of assertion.
Reason : Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is more 77. Assertion (A) : The photoelectrons produced by a
significant to microparticles only. monochromatic light beam incident on a metal surface have
Ans. (d) a spread in their kinetic energy.
Sol. Assertion is false but reason is true according to heisenberg Reason : The work function of the metal varies as the function
uncertainty principal we can not measure position and of depth from surface.
momentum of a particle simulataneously and and accurately. (a) A (b) B
74. Assertion : Half-filled and fully-filled degenerate orbitals (c) C (d) D
are more stable.
Ans. (a)
Reason : Extra stability is due to the symmetrical distribution
of electrons and exchange energy. Sol. KEmx  hv  hv0 
(a) A (b) B Work function = energy required to remove an electon
(c) C (d) D Now if we will try to remove electron from the depth of
Ans. (a) metal, energy will become high so work function varies as
the function of depth from surface.
Sol. Both are correct and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion. (Theory)
78. Assertion : In the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom,
75. Assertion : The spin only magnetic moment of Zn is zero.2+ lines are closely spaced in the region of large wavelengths.

Reason : Zn2+ had 3d10 4s0 configuration. If has no unpaired Reason : In the region of large wavelengths, electronic
electron. transitions occur more frequently.

(a) A (b) B (a) A (b) B

(c) C (d) D (c) C (d) D

Ans. (a) Ans. (a)

Sol. Spectrum of hydrogen atom
Sol. Zn  2  [Ar]3d10

all e  are paired

μB = 0
76. Assertion : Wave number of visible light with wave-length
of 5000 Å is 2 × 106 m–1.
Reason : Wave number is defined as the number of waves as we go up it becomes closely pack i.e. Energy for transition
present in 1 unit length. is becomes less and wavelength will be high and if Energy
(a) A (b) B less then transitions would occur more frequently
(c) C (d) D
Ans. (a)
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 19
Match the Following
Each question has two columns. Four options are given repre- 81. Matching Column Types
senting matching of elements from Column-I and Column - I Column - II
ColumnII. Only one of these four options corresponds to a (A) Configuration of Cr is (P) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10
correct matching.For each question, choose the option
(B) Configuration of Cu is (Q) 5
corresponding to the correct matching.
(C) Number of unpaired (R) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
79. Column I Column II
–19 electrons in Fe3+ 3d5 4s1
(A) Plum-Pudding model (P) 1.6022 × 10 C
(D) Electronic configuration (S) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
(B) Planetory model of atom (Q) Thomson’s model
of Zn2+ 3d10 4s1
(C) Atoms are indivisible (R) Rutherford’s model (T) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2
(D) Charge on electron (S)  1/2 (U) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2

(E) The spin of electron is (T) Dalton theory Ans. (A–R; B–S; C–Q; D–P)

Ans. ( A  Q; B  R; C  T; D  P; E  S ) Sol. Cr  [Ar]4s1 3d 5 ( R)

Sol. Plum pudding model is also known as Thomson's model.
Cu  [Ar]4s1 3d10 (S )
Planetory model is another name for model Rutherford
Dalton said atom are indivisible Fe 3  [Ar]3d 5 (Q)
Charge on electron is 1.6 1019 C number of unpaired e  =5
A  Q; B  R; C  T; D  P; E  S
Zn 2  [Ar]3 d10 ( R)
80. Matching Column Types
82. Matching Column Types
Column-I Column-II
Column I Column II
(A) Orbit angular momentum (P) n(n  2)

(B) Orbital angular momentum (Q) nh / 2 (A) Radial probability distribution (P)
(C) Spin angular momentum (R) s(s  1) h
graphs for 1s orbital
(D) Magnetic moment (S) l (l  l) h
(B) Radial probability distribution (Q)
(T) n (n  l) h

Ans. (A–Q; B–S; C–R; D–P)

Sol. (C) Radial probability distribution (R)
nh
A) mvr  (Q )
2 graph for 2p orbital
h
B) orbital angular momentum  l (l  1) 
2
(D) Electron cloud picture of 2s (S)
 l (l  1) h ( S )

h orbital
C) spin angular momentum  s ( s  1) Ans. (A-P ; B-Q ; C-R ; D-S)
2
Sol. (Theory)
 s ( s  1) h ( R)

D) Magnetic moment  B  n ( n  2) ( P )
 20 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
83. Pn = potential energy, En = total energy
n2 n2
f = frequency, Z = atomic number   rn 
2 2
vn = velocity of nth orbit Tn = time period in nth orbit
Column–I Column–II t  1
(A) En  ry, y = ? (P) 1/2
(B) En/Pn (Q) 1 84. Match the entries in Column I with the correctly related
quantities in Column II.
1 Column - I Column - II
(C) f  x  z, x  ? (R) 2
n (A) Angular momentum (P) Increase by increasing n
(B) Kinetic energy (Q) Decreases by decreasing Z
(D)  v n  Tn   rn, t  ?
t
(S) –1
(C) Potential energy (R) Increases by decreasing Z
Ans. (A-S; B-P; C-P; D-Q) (D) Velocity (S) Decreases by decreasing n
Ans. (A–P,S; B–Q; C–P,R,S; D–Q)
z2 n2
Sol. ( a ) E n  13.6 rn  0.529
n2 Z nh
Sol. (a) angular momentum  mvr 
If we observe dependence of E and r have inverse relation 2
with n
 Increases by increasing n
 En  r  y  y  1
z2
(b) KE  13.6
(b) we know PE  2E a n2
FH 1 KE  z
 
Pn 2  Decreases by decreasing Z
z2
z2 (c) PE  2 13.6
(c ) frequency  n2
n3
Here, Note that sign of PE . is negative
 f  z2
 increasing n will increase PE
1
decreasing z will increase PE
f 2  c   (i )
decreasing n will decrease PE
1 x Increases by increasing n
 zf (ii )
f x Increases by decreasing Z
1 Decreases by decreasing n
Using (i )and (ii )x 
2 6 Z
(d) Vn  2.18  10 m/s
n
( d ) Vn  Tn   rn
t

vn  z
Z
Vn   Decreases by decreasing Z
n
85. Matching Column Types
2
n n Quantum number Orbitals
Tn  
2 2 (A) n = 2, l = 1, m = –1 (P) 2px, or 2py
2 (B) n = 4, l = 2, m = 0 (Q) 4 dz2
n
ra 
2 (C) n = 3, l = 1, m =  1 (R) 3px or 3py

z n2 n (D) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0 (S) 4s
  
n z z (E) n = 3, l = 2, m =  2 (T) 3d x 2 y2 , 3d xy
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 21
Ans. (A–P; B–Q; C–R; D–S; E–T) (d) -rays < Cosmic rays < IR rays < Micro waves
Ans. (c)
Sol. A)n  2, l  1, m  1 it can be 2p x or 2p y as (P)
Sol. cosmic  UV rays  IR  rays  Micro  waves
B)n  4, l  2, m  0 m = 0 for 2px 4dz 2 (Q)
(spectrum)
C )n  3,1  1, m  1 3p x or 3p y (R)
88. Which of the following is incorrect w.r.t Maxwell wave
D)n  4,1  0, m  0 4s as l =0 for s (S)
theory?
E )n  3,1  2, m  2 3d x 2 -y2 or 3d xy (T) (a) EM radiations travel with the speed of light.
(b) The wave number of radiations having frequency of 4 ×
Paragraph Type Questions 1014 Hz is 1.33 × 104 cm–1
Use the following passage, to anwers Q. 86 to Q. 88 (c) Electric field of radiations is perpendicular to magnetic
Passage field but parallel to direction of propagation.

Electromagnetic wave theory was proposed by James Clark (d) Radiant energy is a continuous form of energy.
Maxwell in 1864. Acc. to this theory, the energy is emitted Ans. (c)
from any energy source continuously in the form of Sol. EF is perpendicular to MF as well as the direction of
radiations & is called radiant energy. prapagation.
Some important characteristics of a wave are :
Paragraph Type Questions
1. Wavelength () :- Distance between any two
consecutive crests or troughs Use the following passage, to anwers Q. 89 to Q. 91
2. Frequency () :- Number of waves passing through a Passage
point in one second. In a mixture of H – He+ gas (He+ is singly ionized He atom),
3. Amplitude :- Height of crest or depth of trough H atoms and He+ ions are excited to their respective first
excited states. Subsequently, H atoms transfer their total
1 excitation energy to He+ ions (by collisions). Assuming that
4. Wave Number (ν) =
 the Bohr model of atom is applicable, answer the following
questions.
Relation between velocity, wavelength & frequency
89. The ratio of the potential energy of the n = 2 electron for the H
c = ×
atom to that of He+ ion is :
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
86. How long would it take a radiowave of frequency, 6 × 103 (c) 1 (d) 2
sec–1 to travel from Mars to Earth, a distance of 8 × 107 km ?
Ans. (a)
(a) 266 sec (b) 246 sec
Sol.  ratio of P.E . of H and would be same as ratio of
(c) 280 sec (d) None of these
T.E . of H and He  for any orbit.
Ans. (a)
distance TE 2(H)
Sol. time taken  PE 2 (H) 3.4 1
speed    
7 3
8  10  10 m

PE 2 He  TE 2 He
  13.6 4
  2.66  10 2  266sec
3  108 m / sec 90. The quantum number n of the state finally populated in He+
ions is :
87. Which of the following is correct relation of wavelength (a) 2 (b) 3
among various radiations : (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) Cosmic < X-rays < Micro-waves < -rays Ans. (c)
(b) UV rays < Radio waves < visible < IR rays 3
Sol. E n   13.6eV = Energy released by H atom.
(c) Cosmic < UV rays < IR rays < Radio wave 4
 22 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
+ th
Let He go to n state. The law of conservation of energy says that we cannot
create or destroy energy. Thus, if a certain amount of external
1 1  energy is required to excite an electron from one energy
So energy required , E He  13.6  4   2  eV
4 n  level to another, then that same amount of energy will be
liberated when the electron returns to its initial state.
E He  E H
Lyman series is formed when the electron returns to the
3 1 1  lowest orbit while Balmer series is formed when the electron
  13.6  13.6  4   2  returns to second orbit. Similarly Paschen, Brackett and
4 4 n 
Pfund series are formed when electrons returns to the third,
n4 fourth and fifth orbits from higher energy orbits respectively.
When an electron returns from n2 to n1 state, the number of
91. The wavelength of light emitted in the visible region by He+ lines in the spectrum will equal to
ions after collisions with H atoms is : (in Å) (n 2  n1 ) (n 2  n1  1)
(a) 6.5 × 10–7 m (b) 5.6 × 10–7 m 2
(c) 4.8 × 10–7 (d) 4.0 × 10–7 m If the electron comes back from energy level having energy
E2 to energy level having energy, E1, then the difference
In visible region Balmer series e has to come from n
may be expressed in terms of energy of photon as :
n  4 to n  2
hc
Ans. (c) E 2  E1  E, E 

Sol. The wavelength corresponding to transition from n = 4 to n Since, h and c are constants, E corresponds to definite
+
= 3 in He corresponds to visible region energy ; thus, each transition from one energy level to
Its wavelength is: another with produce a radiation of definite wavelength.
This is actually observed as a line in the spectrum of
hc 1 1  hydrogen atom.
 13.6  4   
  9 16  Wave number of a spectral line is given by the formula

4.1 10 –15  3  108 7  1 1 

 13.6  4  R 2  2
 (m) 9  16  n1 n 2 
where R is a Rydberg’s constant (R = 1.1 × 107 m–1)
4.1 10 –15  3  108
  m 92. If the wavelength of series limit of Lyman series for He+ ion
7
13.6  4  is x Å, then what will be the wavelength of series limit of
9  16
Balmer series for Li2+ ion ?
   4.68 10–7 m 9x 16x
(a) Å (b) Å
4 9
Paragraph Type Questions 5x 4x
(c) A (d) A
Use the following passage, to anwers Q. 92 to Q. 94 4 7
Passage Ans. (b)
One of the fundamental laws of physics is that matter is Sol. Series limit for Lyman series (He+)
most stable with the lowest possible energy. Thus, the
1 1 1 
electron in a hydrogen atom usually moves in the n = 1  R (2) 2  2  2 
orbit, the orbit in which it has the lowest energy. When the  1  
electron is in this lowest energy orbit, the atom is said to be
in its ground electronic state. If the atom receives energy 1
 4R
from an outside source, it is possible for the electron to 
move to an orbit with a higher n value, in which case the
1 1
atoms is in an excited with a higher energy.   xA   4 x ...(i)
4R R
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 23


Series limit for Balmer series Li
2
 94. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the
same wavelength as Balmer transition, n = 4 to n = 2 in the
He+ spectrum ?
1  1 1 
 R (3) 2  2  2  (a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
 2   (c) n = 4 to n = 1 (d) n = 2 to n = 1
1 9R 4 4 16 x Ans. (d)
      4x  A
 4 9R 9 9 1 1 1
Sol.  R(2)2  2  2 
 2 4 
93. The emission spectra is observed by the consequence of
transition of electron from higher energy state to ground 1  4 1
state of He+ ion. Six different photons are observed during  4R  
the emission spectra, then what will be the minimum
  16 
wavelength during the transition ?
4
4 4

3R
(a) 27R (b) 15R
H H we have to get this wavelength for Hydrogen atom
15 16 1 1 1 
(c) 16R (d) 15R a)  R    9
H H  1 9  8R
Ans. (b)
1 1 1 36
n( n  1) h)  R   
Sol. Number of photons observed  6    4 9  5R
2
1 1 1  16
12  n 2  n s)  R   
  4 16  3R
n 2  n  12  0
1 1 1 
n 2  4 n  3 n  12  0 d)  R     4  4
 1 4  3R 3R
n ( n  4)  3( n  4)  0
 n  2 to n  1
n4
Paragraph Type Questions
Use the following passage, to anwers Q. 95 to Q. 97
Passage
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how precisely
we can measure the properties of an electron or other
microscopic particle. He determined that there is a
fundamental limit to how closely we can measure both
Minimum wavelength will be from 4  1n position and momentum. The more accurately we measure
the momentum of a particle, the less accurately we can
determine its position. The converse is also true. This is
1  1 1  summed up in what we now call the Heisenberg uncertainty
  RZ 2  2 · 2  n principle.
  n1 n 2 
h
1 1 1  The equation is x.(mv) 
 R (2) 2  2  2  4
 1 4 
The uncertainty in the position or in the momentum of a
1 15 macroscopic object like a baseball is too small to observe.
 4R  However, the mass of microscopic object such as an electron
 16
is small enough for the uncertainty to be relatively large and
4 significant.

15 RH
 24 STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM
95. If the uncertainties in position and momentum are equal, the 97. What would be the minimum uncertainty in de-Broglie
uncertainty in the velocity is : wavelength of a moving electron accelerated by potential
difference of 6 volt and whose uncertainty in position is
h h 7
(a) (b) nm?
 2 22
1 h (a) 6.25 Å (b) 6 Å
(c) (d) None of these
2m  (c) 0.625 Å (d) 0.3125 Å
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
h Sol. According to de-broglie
Sol.  x· P 
4 h 1 2 m2 v 2 p 2
 ..(1), E  mv   ...(2)
x  P p 2 2m 2m
h P  2mE ...(3)
( P) 2 
4 K.E is numerically equal ot the work . The work is done by
force of electric field
h
(mv) 2  E = e.v. ..(4)
4
h
h h 1 P  2m.e.v so  
v   2m.ev
4 m 2
 2m
150 0
 A  5 A0
96. If the uncertainty in velocity and position is same, then the 6
uncertainty in momentum will be :
h dp h
P   2
hm h  d 
(a) (b) m
4 4
h
h 1 h P   ...(5)
(c) (d) 2
4m m 4
Ans. (a) h 1 1
we know x.P   x. 2  
4  4
h
Sol.  x· p  2  5 A0 
4    109     10
9
4  4
x  v ....(i)  

h   0.625A0
 x·m v  from equation ..... (i)
4 Paragraph Type Questions
h Use the following passage, to anwers Q. 98 to Q. 100
m v 2 
4 Passage
multiply and divide this by m
The sequence of filling electrons in sub-shells of elements
2 with few exceptions in d-block and f-block elements is
(m v) h
 governed by Aufbau principle followed by Hund’s rule and
m 4
Pauli’s exclusion principle.
hm hm (a) The electron prefers to enter into sub-shells with lower
p 2   p  (n + l) value.
4 4
The energy for any sub-shell of an element other than
hydrogen is proportional to the sum of principal quantum
number (n) and angular momentum quantum number
(b) If (n + l) value is same for many sub-shells, priority of
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 25
electron filling is given to the sub-shell with lowest n
Fe [Ar]4s 2 3d 6 Number of unpaired e
value.
(c) (i) Fulfilled sub shell is most stable. 0
(ii) "half filled orbitals are more stable than partially filled
Cu [Ar]4s1 3d10
orbital".
98. Which pair of sub-shell has same energy for above 1
described exceptional element under rule (a) ?
Cr[Ar]4s1 3d 5
(a) 1s, 2s (b) 2s, 2p
(c) 3d, 4p (d) 5p, 4d 2
Ans. (c,d)
Mn[Ar]4s1 3d5
Sol. For 3 d n + l  3  2  5
1
4p nl  4l 5

 3 d and 3p will have same energy as they have same 100. Which pair of element follow rule (c) (ii) ?
(a) Cr, Mo (b) Mn, Fe
value of n +1
(c) Cu, Ag (d) N, P
99. If Hunds rule is not obeyed by some elements given below
then which atom has maximum magnetic moment. Ans. (a)

(a) Fe (b) Cu Sol. Cr  [Ar]4s1 3d5 instead of [Ar]4s 2 3d 4

(c) Cr (d) Mn Because Half filled are more stable
Ans. (c)
Mo is below chromium as it is in the same group
Sol. If Hunds Rule is not obeyed then the configuration of
folloving elements will become  it will also follow the same rule
 Mn, Fe