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02 - Thermal Physics II - Lecture 2

The document presents the TdS equations, which relate entropy (S) to variables pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T). It outlines the first and second TdS equations, detailing how changes in these variables affect entropy and the corresponding heat exchange. An example involving a Vander Waals gas is provided to illustrate the application of these equations in a reversible, isothermal process.

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40 views4 pages

02 - Thermal Physics II - Lecture 2

The document presents the TdS equations, which relate entropy (S) to variables pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T). It outlines the first and second TdS equations, detailing how changes in these variables affect entropy and the corresponding heat exchange. An example involving a Vander Waals gas is provided to illustrate the application of these equations in a reversible, isothermal process.

Uploaded by

pumal.yasarathne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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➢ TdS Equations :

Entropy, S is a function of any two of the variables, P, V and T.


Hence, S = S(P, V), S = S(P, T) and S = S(T, V).

1st TdS Equation


Suppose S = S (V, T).
𝜕S 𝜕S
dS = dV + dT
𝜕V T 𝜕T V
𝜕Q 𝜕S
Since CV = and TdS = dQ, CV = T
𝜕T V 𝜕T V
𝜕S CV
∴ dS = dV + dT
𝜕V T
T
𝜕P 𝜕S
From 3rd Maxwell’s equation, =
𝜕T V 𝜕V T
𝜕P CV 𝜕P 1st TdS
∴ dS = dV + dT → TdS = CV dT + T dV
𝜕T V
T 𝜕T V
Equation
Dr. (Ms.) N. T. Wickramasuriya Dept. of Physics UOR
2nd TdS Equation
Suppose S = S (P, T).
𝜕S 𝜕S
dS = dP + dT
𝜕P T 𝜕T P

𝜕Q 𝜕S
Since CP = and TdS = dQ, CP = T
𝜕T P 𝜕T P

𝜕V 𝜕S
From 4th Maxwell’s equation, =−
𝜕T P 𝜕P T

𝜕V CP
∴ dS = − dP + dT
𝜕T P
T

𝜕V
TdS = CP dT − T dP 2nd TdS Equation
𝜕T P

Dr. (Ms.) N. T. Wickramasuriya Dept. of Physics UOR


Example:
1 mole of Vander Waals gas at temperature T expands its volume from
Vi to Vf under a reversible, isothermal process. Using the TdS equations,
find the amount of heat exchange in the process.

Dr. (Ms.) N. T. Wickramasuriya Dept. of Physics UOR


Dr. (Ms.) N. T. Wickramasuriya Dept. of Physics UOR

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