Sri Ram DayalKhemka Vivekananda Vidyalaya Junior College

XII CBSE Revision

Atom and nuclei

1. Draw a plot showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of
their separation. Mark the regions where the nuclear force is
(i) attractive and (ii) repulsive.

2.

3. Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form a heavier nucleus, with release of energy.
Which of the two parent or the daughter nucleus would have higher binding energy per nucleon
?
Daughter nucleus 1

4.State Bohr’s postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie’s
hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits ?
5.A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the n = 4
level. Estimate the frequency of the photon.

5.(a) Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding
energy per nucleon (BE/A) versus the mass number A.
From the plot we note that
i) During nuclear fission

A heavy nucleus in the larger mass region ( A>200) breaks into two middle level nuclei,
resulting in an increase in B.E/ nucleon. This results in a release of energy.

ii) During nuclear fusion

Light nuclei in the lower mass region (A<20 ) fuse to form a nucleus having higher B.E /
nucleon. Hence Energy gets released.

6. State the properties of nuclear force

Electrostatics
1. Three point charges + 1 μC, – 1 μC and + 2 μC are initially infinite distance apart. Calculate
the work done in assembling these charges at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm.

2. Two point charges 4 𝝁C and +1𝝁C are separated by a distance of 2 m in air. Find the point on
the line-joining charges at which the net electric field of the system is zero.
3.Two identical point charges, q each, are kept 2m apart in air. A third point charge Q of
unknown magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system
remains in equilibrium. Find the position and nature of Q.
System is in equilibrium therefore net force on each charge
of system will be zero. For the total force on ‘Q’ to be zero

4. In the circuit shown in the figure, the charge on the capacitor of 4 𝜇F is 16 𝜇C. Calculate the
energy stored in the capacitor of 12 𝜇F capacitance.

5. Four point charges Q, q, Q and q are placed at the corners of a square of side ‘a’ as shown in
the figure.

Find the
(a) resultant electric force on a charge Q, and
(b) potential energy of this system.
6.Three point charges q, – 4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of
side ‘l’ as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for the magnitude of the resultant electric
force acting on the charge q.

Find out the amount of the work done to separate the charges at infinite distance.
Net P.E. of the system

7.A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery to a potential difference V..It is connected
from battery and then connected to another uncharged capacitor of the same capacitance.
Calculate the ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the initial energy on the single
capacitor.
Charge stored on the capacitor q=CV

When it is connected to the uncharged capacitor of same capacitance, sharing of charge takes
place between the two capacitor till the potential of both the capacitor becomes half
8.A square plane sheet of side 10 cm is inclined at an angle of 30° with the direction of a
uniform electric field of 200 NC–1. Calculate the electric flux passing through the sheet.

9. The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is completely filled in two ways. In
the first case, it is filled with a slab of dielectric constant K. In the second case, it is filled with
two slabs of equal thickness and dielectric constants K1 and K2 respectively as shown in the
figure. The capacitance of the capacitor is same in the two cases. Obtain the relationship
between K, K1 and K2.

10. An electric field is uniform and acts along + x direction in the region of positive x. It is also
uniform with the same magnitude but acts in – x direction in the region of negative x. The value
of the field is E = 200 N/C for x > 0 and E = – 200 N/C for x < 0. A right circular cylinder of
length 20 cm and radius 5 cm has its centre at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so that one
flat face is at x = + 10 cm and the other is at x = – 10 cm.
Find :
(i) The net outward flux through the cylinder. (ii) The net charge present inside the
cylinder.
 Currrent electricity – CBSE Revision
1. In the figure shown, an ammeter A and a resistor of 4Ω are connected to the terminals of the
source. The emf of the source is 12 V having an internal resistance of 2Ω. Calculate the
voltmeter and ammeter readings.

2. In the circuits shown in the figures, the galvanometer shows no deflection in each case. Find
the ratio of R1 and R2.

3.The figure shows a plot of terminal voltage ‘V’ versus the current ‘i’ of a given cell. Calculate
from the graph (a) emf of the cell and (b) internal resistance of the cell.
4.A 10 V cell of negligible internal resistance is connected in parallel across a battery of emf
200 V and internal resistance 38 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of current in the
circuit.

Alternatively

5.Using Kirchhoff’s rules, calculate the current through the 40 Ω and 20Ω resistors in the
following circuit :

In loop ABCFA
+80 – 20 I2 + 40 I1 = 0
4 = I2 - 2 I1
In loop FCDEA
-40 I1 -10(I1 + I2) + 40 = 0
-50 I1 - 10 I2 + 40 = 0
5 I1 + I2 = 4
Solving these two equations
I1 = 0A
& I2 = 4A
6. The potential difference applied across a given resistor is altered so that the heat produced per
second increases by a factor of 9. By what factor does the applied potential difference change ?

7. Write the principle of working of a metre bridge.

8.Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are connected in series. Current I
is passed through them. Which wire gets heated up more ? Justify your answer.

9. Define the conductivity of a conductor. Write its SI unit.

Conductivity is reciprocal of resistivity
1
𝜎=𝜌
SI unit : S(siemen )
10. Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time. Hence obtain the relation between
current density and the applied electric field E

12. How does the mobility of electrons in a conductor change, if the potential difference applied
across the conductor is doubled, keeping the length and temperature of the conductor constant ?

No Change

13. Two bulbs are rated (P1, V) and (P2, V). If they are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel
across a supply V, find the power dissipated in the two combinations in terms of P1 and P2.
14.(a) Define the terms ‘drift velocity’ and ‘relaxation time’ giving their physical significance.
(b) A conductor of length L is connected across a dc source of emf E. If the conductor is
replaced by another of the same material and area of cross-section but of length 5L, by what
factor will the drift velocity change ?
Drift Velocity: It is the average velocity with which electrons move in a conductor when an
external electric field (or potential difference) is applied across the conductor.
Significance: The drift velocity controls the net current flowing across any cross section./ There
is no net transport of charges across any area perpendicular to the applied field.
Relaxation time: It is the average time between successive collisions for the drifting electrons in
the conductor.
Significance: It is a (very important) factor in determining the electrical conductivity of a
conductor at different temperatures. (It is a factor which determines the drift velocity acquired
by the electrons under a given applied external electric field)

b.

15. Two cells of emf and internal resistance 𝜀1 , r1 and 𝜀2 , r2 are connected in parallel. Derive the
expressions for the emf and internal resistance of a cell which can replace this combination.

16. Write two characteristic properties of the material of a meter bridge .

(i) High resistivity
(ii) Low temperature coefficient
18. Two resistors R1 and R2 of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel across a battery. What is
the ratio of power dissipated in them?

3:2

Magnetic effect oif current

1.A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius ҅a᾿ carries a steady current I. The current
is uniformly distributed across its cross section. The ratio of magnitudes of the magnetic field at
a point a/2 above the surface of wire to that of a point a/2 below its surface is
(A) 4:1
(B) 1:1
(C) 4: 3
(D)3 :4

2.(a)Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a circular coil carrying current.
3.Two identical circular loops X and Y of radius R and carrying the same current are kept in
perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre at P as shown in the figure. Find the
magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the point P due to the loops.
4.A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a region of uniform magnetic
field, acting perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move in a circular path with higher
frequency ?

Electron

5.Two protons of equal kinetic energies enter a region of uniform magnetic field. The first
proton enters normal to the field direction while the second enters at 30 to the field direction.
Name the trajectories followed by them.

Normal : Circular

At an angle of 30: it will follow helical path

7.A galvanometer of resistance 15 Ω shows a full scale deflection on the meter scale for a
current of 6 mA. Calculate the value of the shunt resistance required to convert the galvanometer
into an ammeter of range 0 – 6 A.
 EMI - CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1.A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing a.c. voltages. It is based on the
Es Ip ns
phenomenon of mutual induction. It can be shown that Ep = Is = np = K, where symbols have
their standard meaning. For a step up transformer, K>1 and for a step down transformer, K<1.
The numbers of turns in the primary and secondary coils of a transformer are 2000 and 50
respectively. The primary coil is connected to main of 120 V and secondary to a night bulb of
0.6 ohm. The efficiency of transformer is 80 %.
i) A transformer is used :
(a) to transform electric energy into mechanical energy.
(b) to obtain suitable DC voltage.
(c) to transform AC into DC.
(d) to obtain suitable AC voltage.

ii) Which quantity is increased in step-down transformer ?

(a)resistance (b)power (c)current (d)charge
iii) In step-up transformer, relation between number of turns in primary(Np) and number of turns
in secondary(Ns) is
(a) Ns>Np (b) Np>Ns (c) Ns =Np (d) Np= 2Ns
iv) Voltage across the secondary of transformer is
(a)120 V (b) 360 V (c) 40 V (d) 3 V
v) Current in primary coil is
𝟓
(a) 15 A (b) 5 / 3 A (c) 𝟑𝟐 A (d) 0.6 A

2.A resistance of 40 Ω is connected with an inductor of self-inductance 5H and a capacitor of

capacitance 80μF. This combination is then connected to an AC source of rms voltage 220 V.
Frequency of AC source can be changed continuously
(i)What should be the frequency of source which drives circuit to resonance
100 75 50 𝟐𝟓
(𝑎) 𝜋 (b) 𝜋 (c) 𝜋 (d) 𝝅
(ii)In LCR series a.c. circuit , the current
(a) is in phase with the voltage (b) lags behind the generator voltage
(c) leads the generator voltage (d) None of these

(iii) When LCR series circuit is at resonance, then the phase angle between current and voltage
is
(a) 0 (b) 2π (c) π /2 (d) π

(iv) What is the impedance of circuit in a state of resonance ?

(a) 40 Ω (b) 80 Ω (c) 400 Ω (d)800 Ω

( v) What is the average power consumed by circuit ?

(a) 605 W (b) 1210√2 W (c) 1210 W (d) 1210 W
3.Current flowing through an inductor as a function of time is given as I = 4 + 16 t. Here I is in
amperes and t is in seconds. Emf induced in the inductor is 20 mV. The inductive reactance is
given by XL = ωL = 2πfL. Thus on increasing frequency , inductive reactance increases.
However, when f = 0 then XL = 0 , from this it can be said that in DC there is no inductive
reactance. In case of DC, a pure inductor behaves as a wire with zero resistance.

(i) What is self-inductance of the inductor?

(a) 1.25 x 10 -3 H (b) 2.5 x 10 -4 H (c) 1.25 x 10 -4
H (d) 5 x 10 -3
H

( ii) Rate of energy supplied to inductor at t = 2 s is

(a) 0.36 W (b) 0.72 W (c) 1.44 W (d) 2.88 W

( iii) An inductor
(a) offers easy path to a.c., but blocks d.c.
(b) offers easy path to d.c., but blocks a.c.
(c) offers easy path to both a.c. and d.c. (d) None of these .

(iv) Choose the correct statement

(a) the capacitor can conduct in a d.c. circuit but not an inductor.
(b) in d.c. circuit the inductor can conduct but not a capacitor.
(c) in d.c. circuit both the inductor and capacitor cannot conduct.
(d) the inductor has infinite resistance in a d.c. circuit.

(v) In oscillating LC circuit, the total stored energy is U and maximum charge upon capacitor
is Q. When the charge upon the capacitor is Q / 2, the energy stored in the inductor is
(a) U / 2 (b) U / 4 (c) 4U / 3 (d) 3U / 4

4. Series LCR circuits at resonance admit maximum current at particular frequencies. Therefore
it is called acceptor circuit because at resonance, impedance of LCR circuit is minimum and it
easily accepts that current out of the many currents whose frequency is equal to the resonant
frequency. This circuit is used in radio and TV receivers to tune the desired frequency or filtered
unwanted frequencies. The antenna of a radio or TV receives signals of tuning circuit of the
receiver is changed by changing the the capacitance of the tuning circuit till the resonant
frequency of the circuit becomes equal to the frequency of the desired broadcasting station. At
this stage, the electrical resonance takes place. The amplitude of the current with the frequency
of the signal from the desired station becomes maximum and hence it is received by the radio or
TV receiver. The maximum current flows through for that a.c. voltage which has frequency
1
equal to fr = 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 .If Q-value of circuit is large the signals of the other stations will be very
weak. Quality factor determines the clarity of reception.Low quality factor means that bandwidth
around the bandwidth around the resonance frequency is large and hence, tuning is not very
accurate.

(i) The current admitted by series LCR circuit corresponding to resonant frequency is
(a) maximum (b) minimum (c) zero (d) cannot be determined
(ii) In a series LCR circuit L=8H, C=0.5μF and R=100Ω. The resonant frequency of the
circuit is
(a) 1000 / π Hz (b) 500 / π Hz (c) 250 / π Hz (d) 125 / π Hz
(iii)At resonance, in a series LCR circuit, which relation does not hold
𝟏 1 1 1
(a) ω = 𝑳𝑪 (b) ω = √𝐿𝐶 (c) Lω = 𝐶𝜔 (d) Cω = 𝐿𝜔

(iv) Nita switched on the radio set to listen to her favorite music but found the reception was not
clear. Also there was there was overlapping of signals. So she adjusted the tuner. Name the
phenomenon involved here
(a) reception (b) bandwidth (c) resonance (d) filtration

5. A thermal power plant produces electric power of 600 kW at 4000 V, which is to be

transported to a place 20 km away from the power plant for consumers usage. It can be
transported either directly with a cable of large current carrying capacity or by using a
combination of step-up or step-down transformers at the two ends. The drawback of the direct
transmission is the large energy dissipation. In the method using transformers, the dissipation is
much smaller. In this method, a step-up transformer is used at the plant side so that the current is
reduced to a smaller value. At the consumers end, a step-up transformer is used to supply power
to the consumer at the specified lower voltage.

(i)Which of the two modes of transmission should be preferred ?

(a) 220 V (b) 22000 V (c) Both (d) none of the two

(ii) Power is transmitted from a power house on high voltage because

(a) the rate of transmission is faster at high voltage
(b) it is more economical due to less power wastage
(c) the life of current carrying wire is prolonged
(d) a precaution against the theft of transmission line

( iii) The core of a transformer is laminated so that

(a) the ratio of voltage in primary and secondary coils may be increased.
(b) the weight of the transformer may be reduced
(c) residual magnetism in the core may be reduced
(d) energy loss due to eddy currents may be reduced

( iv) If the direct transmission method with a cable of resistance of 0.4 Ωkm-1 is used, the power
dissipation in % during transmission is
(a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50

(v) What is increased in a step down transformer ?

(a) current (b) voltage (c) wattage (d) none