GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE FOR DEGREE AND PG COURSES (A)

Affiliated to Andhra University || Accredited by NAAC and NBA

VISAKHAPATNAM
PROGRAM: B.Sc. (Honours)
SEMESTER -1
SKILL COURSE: DIGITAL LITERACY
(w.e.f. 2024-25 Admitted Batch)
SEM CODE COURSE TITLE HOURS CREDITS
1 DIGITAL 30 2
LITERACY
Theory Credits: 2 2 hrs/week
OBJECTIVES:
 The aim of this course is to equip individuals with the skills, knowledge, and critical
thinking necessary to effectively navigate, evaluate, and create information using a range
of digital tools.
 By the end of the course, students should be capable of using digital technologies
confidently, critically, and responsibly in personal, educational, and professional contexts.
Unit-1: Operate the elements of a computer and performing operations on the computer
Operate the elements of a computer including power cord, power switch, network connecting
cable, USB ports, Mouse operations, Keyboard operations, interface icons, GUI elements, Editing
options, perform operations including switching on the computer, logging in, locating a file,
opening a file, printing a document, storing a file with proper extension, creating a folder/ sub
folder in a volume on hard disk and desktop, shifting files from one folder to another, shutting off
the computer
Unit-2: Access the Internet to browse information and E-mail operation
Access the Internet, use a search engine, find information on the topic of interest, register for a
web-based E-mail account, access E-mail with attachments, reply to an E-mail, forward an E-mail
and delete an E-mail message
Unit-3: Make bill payments, other applications using Internet and word processing
Make utility bill payments, booking bus/train tickets, bank transactions, personal transactions, job
search through employment portals, mobile/DTH recharge, word processing basics, creating,
editing and formatting of text, saving and printing of word document

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 UNIT-1
OPERATE THE ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER AND PERFORMING OPERATIONS
ON THE COMPUTER
 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, computers are an integral part of our lives. They are used for the reservation of
tickets for airplanes and railways, payment of telephone and electricity bills, deposit and
withdrawal of money from banks, processing of business data, forecasting of weather conditions,
diagnosis of diseases, searching for information on the Internet, etc. Computers are also used
extensively in schools, universities, organizations, music industry, movie industry, scientific
research, law firms, fashion industry, etc.

Q. Define a Computer and explain about internal operation and types of computers.

 Computer: Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes the input
data by performing mathematical and logical operations on it, and gives the desired output.
 Computer Types

Computer is a fast electronic calculating machine which accepts digital input, processes it
according to the internally stored instructions (Programs) and produces the result on the output
device. The internal operation of the computer can be as depicted in the figure below:

Figure 1: Fetch, Decode and Execute steps in a Computer System

The computers can be classified into various categories as given below:

 Micro Computer
 Laptop Computer
 Work Station
 Super Computer

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  Main Frame
 Hand Held
 Multi core

 Micro Computer: A personal computer; designed to meet the computer needs of an

individual. Provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing,
photo editing, e-mail, and internet.
 Laptop Computer: A portable, compact computer that can run on power supply or a battery
unit. All components are integrated as one compact unit. It is generally more expensive than a
comparable desktop. It is also called a Notebook.
 Work Station: Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized tasks. Generally used for
tasks that requires a lot of processing speed. Can also be an ordinary personal computer attached
to a LAN (local area network).
 Super Computer: A computer that is considered to be fastest in the world. Used to execute
tasks that would take lot of time for other computers. For Ex: Modeling weather systems, genome
sequence, etc.
 Main Frame: Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for
hundreds or thousands of users. Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that
need to be reliable, secure, and centralized.
 Hand Held: It is also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). A computer that fits into a
pocket, runs on batteries, and is used while holding the unit in your hand. Typically used as an
appointment book, address book, calculator and notepad.
 Multi Core: Have Multiple Cores – parallel computing platforms. Many Cores or computing
elements in a single chip. Typical Examples: Sony Play station, Core 2 Duo, i3, i7 etc.

Q. Demonstrate the generations of computers.

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS:
Development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units of
the computers has been divided into various generations as given below:
1. First generation
2. Second generation
3. Third generation
4. Fourth generation
5. Beyond the fourth generation
1.First generation: 1946 to 1955: Computers of this generation used Vacuum Tubes. The
computes were built using stored program concept. Ex: ENIAC, EDSAC, IBM 701.
Computers of this age typically used about ten thousand vacuum tubes. They were bulky
in size had slow operating speed, short life time and limited programming facilities.
2. Second generation: 1955 to 1965: Computers of this generation used the germanium
transistors as the active switching electronic device. Ex: IBM 7000, B5000, IBM 1401.

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 Comparatively smaller in size about ten times faster operating speed as compared to first
generation vacuum tube based computers. Consumed less power, had fairly good reliability.
Availability of large memory was an added advantage.
3.Third generation: 1965 to 1975: The computers of this generation used the Integrated Circuits
as the active electronic components. Ex: IBM system 360, PDP minicomputer etc. They were still
smaller in size. They had powerful CPUs with the capacity of executing 1 million instructions per
second (MIPS). Used to consume very less power consumption.
4.Fourth generation: 1976 to 1990: The computers of this generation used the LSI chips like
microprocessor as their active electronic element. HCL horizen III, and WIPRO‟S Uniplus+
HCL‟s Busybee PC etc.
They used high speed microprocessor as CPU. They were more user friendly and highly
reliable systems. They had large storage capacity disk memories.
5.Beyond Fourth Generation: 1990 onwards: Specialized and dedicated VLSI chips are used to
control specific functions of these computers. Modern Desktop PC‟s, Laptops or Notebook
Computers.

Q. Explain about the characteristics of a computer.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Speed, accuracy, diligence, storage capability and versatility are some of the key
characteristics of a computer. A brief overview of these characteristics are

Speed: The computer can process data very fast, at the rate of millions of instructions per
second. Some calculations that would have taken hours and days to complete otherwise, can be
completed in a few seconds using the computer. For example, calculation and generation of salary
slips of thousands of employees of an organization, weather forecasting that requires analysis of a
large amount of data related to temperature, pressure and humidity of various places, etc.

Accuracy: Computer provides a high degree of accuracy. For example, the computer can
accurately give the result of division of any two numbers up to 10 decimal places.

Diligence: When used for a longer period of time, the computer does not get tired or fatigued.
It can perform long and complex calculations with the same speed and accuracy from the start till
the end.

Storage Capability: Large volumes of data and information can be stored in the computer and
also retrieved whenever required. A limited amount of data can be stored, temporarily, in the
primary memory. Secondary storage devices like floppy disk and compact disk can store a large
amount of data permanently.

Versatility: Computer is versatile in nature. It can perform different types of tasks with the
same ease. At one moment you can use the computer to prepare a letter document and in the next
moment you may play music or print a document. Computers have several limitations too.
Computer can only perform tasks that it has been programmed to do. Computer cannot do any

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work without instructions from the user. It executes instructions as specified by the user and does
not take its own decisions.

Q. Describe the various elements of a computers.

Or

Q. Describe the performance of basic tasks used in a computer.

 Operating the various elements of a computer and performing basic tasks is essential for
efficiently using a computer.

1. Power Cord & Power Switch:

 Power Cord: Ensure the power cord is properly connected to both the computer and a
power outlet.
 Power Switch: Press the power button, usually located on the front or top of the CPU
(desktop) or on the keyboard/body (laptop).

2. Network Connecting Cable (Ethernet Cable):

 Connecting to the Internet: Insert the network cable (Ethernet cable) into the Ethernet
port on your computer, which is typically found on the back or side of a desktop or laptop.
 Wireless Networks: If using Wi-Fi, connect to the network through the Wi-Fi settings in
the taskbar.

3. USB Ports:

 Using USB Ports: Plug in USB devices such as flash drives, external hard drives, or
printers into the USB port.
 USB ports are typically located on the side (laptop) or front/back (desktop) of the computer.

4. Mouse Operations:

 Left Click: Selects items, opens files/folders.

 Right Click: Opens context menus (options related to the item).
 Scroll Wheel: Scroll up/down through documents or web pages.
 Double Click: Quickly clicking the left button twice to open a file/folder.

5. Keyboard Operations:

 Typing: Use the alphanumeric keys to type.

 Function Keys (F1 - F12): Perform various tasks like refreshing a page (F5), opening help
(F1), etc.
 Shortcuts:

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  Ctrl + C: Copy
 Ctrl + V: Paste
 Ctrl + X: Cut
 Ctrl + S: Save

6. Interface Icons:

 Desktop Icons: Represent applications, files, or folders. Double-click an icon to open it.
 Taskbar: A bar at the bottom of the screen displaying active programs and quick access
shortcuts.
 Start Menu: Found in the bottom-left corner, provides access to applications, settings, and
shutdown options.

7. GUI Elements:

 Window Controls: Top-right buttons (minimize, maximize, close).

 Menus: Found at the top of many applications, providing options like File, Edit, and View.
 Buttons: Clickable elements for actions like "Submit," "Cancel," etc.

8. Editing Options (In Text/Document Editors):

 Undo/Redo: Ctrl + Z (Undo), Ctrl + Y (Redo)

 Cut/Copy/Paste: Ctrl + X, Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V
 Find/Replace: Ctrl + F (Find), Ctrl + H (Replace)

Q. What are the operations in a computer and explain each operations?

 Operations:

1. Switching on the Computer:

 Press the power button and wait for the operating system to load.

2. Logging in:

 If there’s a login screen, enter your username and password.

3. Locating a File:

 File Explorer (Windows) or Finder (Mac):

 Click on the File Explorer (folder icon) from the taskbar or desktop.
 Navigate through directories (Documents, Downloads, Desktop, etc.) to find the
file.

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  Use the search bar to type the file name.

4. Opening a File:

 Double-click the file to open it with its default program.

5. Printing a Document:

 Open the document, then click File > Print, or use the shortcut Ctrl + P (Windows) or
Cmd + P (Mac).
 Select the desired printer and click Print.

6. Storing a File with Proper Extension:

 When saving a file, ensure it has the correct extension (e.g., .docx for Word, .xlsx for Excel,
.txt for Notepad).
 Use File > Save As, choose a location, and ensure the file extension is correct.

7. Creating a Folder/Subfolder:

 On the Desktop or within File Explorer:

 Right-click > New > Folder.

 Name the folder.
 To create a subfolder, open the main folder and repeat the process.

8. Shifting Files from One Folder to Another:

 Select the file, right-click and choose Cut or press Ctrl + X.

 Navigate to the destination folder, right-click, and choose Paste or press Ctrl + V.

9. Shutting Down the Computer:

 Save any open files.

 Click the Start Menu, then select Shut Down (Windows).
 For Mac: Click the Apple menu > Shut Down.

Alternatively, press Ctrl + Alt + Delete, and choose "Shut down" from the options.

Q. Draw and Explain about the basic components of a computer.

 Basic Components of Computer:

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 A computer device is made up of various elements which help in its effective functioning
and processing. There are five basic components of the computer which help in making this
processing of data easier and convenient.
By definition, components of a computer system are the primary elements which make the
functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster. There are five basic components which
include:

• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetical and Logical Unit

Given below are the 5 components of a computer along with their purpose and functions.

• Input Unit:
A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device. These commands can be
given using the input unit or the input devices.
For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on a Notepad and the computer processes the
entered data and then displays the output of the same of the screen.
The data entered can be in the form of numbers, alphabet, images, etc. We enter the information
using an input device, the processing units convert it into computer understandable languages and
then the final output is received by a human-understandable language.

• Output Unit:

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When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us
a result. This result is called output. There are various output devices connected to the computer.
The most basic of which is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using a mouse,
is all displayed on the monitor.

• Memory Unit:
When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information
immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the
presence of some existing programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other
parts of the CPU.
Similarly, when the output of our command is processed by the computer, it is saved in the memory
unit before giving the output to the user.

• Control Unit:
This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device. It is one of the
most essential components of the computer system.
The Control Unit collects the data entered using the input unit, leads it on for processing and once
that is done, receives the output and presents it to the user. It can be said to the centre of all
processing actions taking place inside a computer device.
Basically, the instructions taken, interpretation of entered data, issuing signals to execute the data
and then finally retrieving the data is all done in the Control Unit.
• Arithmetic & Logical Unit:
As the name suggests, all the mathematical calculations or arithmetic operations are performed in
the Arithmetic and Logical Unit of the CPU.
It can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making actions. The ALU
comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other numerical
based calculations can be performed.

• Central Processing Unit (CPU):

The Central Processing Unit is the core of any computer devices. It comprises three major
components of the computer which have been discussed above:

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 UNIT-2
ACCESS THE INTERNET TO BROWSE INFORMATION AND E-MAIL OPERATION
Q.Explain about the access the internet.
 Access the Internet:
There are three methods needed to access the Internet from a laptop or desktop computer:
(1) An ISP, (2) A Modem and (3) A Web Browser.

 The Internet Service Provider (ISP):

An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the internet. Access
to the Internet is through an Internet service provider (ISP), which can be a large company such as
Comcast or AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company), or any of hundreds of smaller
ISPs throughout the country. You are generally offered unlimited access for a fixed rate per month,
but if you download an excessive amount of data, your download speed may be slowed.

 The Modem:
A modem is a very important piece of network hardware that allows a computer to send
and receive data through a telephone line or cable connection. In simple words, it’s the device
that connects a computer to the Internet. The word modem is actually made by combining parts of
two different words – Modulator and demodulator. As this suggests, a modem is a device that both
modulates and demodulates signals that encode and retrieve information, respectively. Depending
on the kind of service you have, you will need a unit of hardware called a "modem" for connection.
Today, cable and telephone companies provide service to most people in the U.S., and the modem
converts their signals to the Internet packets your computer requires. See cable modem and DSL
modem.

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 Rural areas may have only satellite service or dial-up telephone access, the latter as much
as 100 times slower than cable. Older computers had built-in dial-up telephone ports. See satellite
Internet and modem.
 Browsing the Web:
A Windows PC comes with the Edge Web browser, while the Mac comes with Safari.
Windows and Mac users quite often choose a different browser such as Firefox or Chrome, which
offer additional features and are very popular.
The first time users hook up to a new ISP, they may need the ISP's assistance to configure
the dial-up or networking software in the computer. After that, launching the browser is all that is
necessary to "surf the Web."

 Use A Search Engine, Find Information On The Topic Of Interest:

 What is a Search Engine?
Search engines are an integral part of the internet and one of the most popular reasons
people actually use the internet.
When you use a search engine, you can simply enter a word or a phrase and return relevant
web pages, videos, images, products, apps, and more. Search engines use an algorithm, which is
essentially a set of instructions, to look for the most relevant results on the internet for your search
query. They are helpful whether you are looking for a recipe, a local store, or if you are doing a
research paper because you can look up everything on the internet and immediately be served the
most relevant results.
 What are Search Engines Used For?
You can use a search engine to find answers to your questions and get information on topics
that interest you, as well as learn more about products and services offered by companies around
the world.
Search engines are used for research, shopping, entertainment, and more. When you want
to find information on a topic, buy something or learn more about a particular subject – what do
you do? If it’s not obvious how to proceed, then a search engine will help!
7 Most Popular Search Engines
The most popular search engines are Google and Bing. However, there are many others
including Ask (ask.com), Yahoo!, and DuckDuckGo. In addition, there are search engines such as
YouTube, Amazon, and Facebook that are often used by their massive fanbases.
1. Google
2. Bing
3. Yahoo
4. Yandex
5. Baidu
6. DuckDuckGo
7. Ask.com
1. Google

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Google is a search engine that gets over 40,000 searches every second. Google is currently the
most popular search engine on Earth with over 3 billion users worldwide using it to find
information on the internet or perform other tasks like sending emails or shopping online.

2. Bing
Bing is a search engine developed by Microsoft and is the second most popular search engine in
the world. While the market share isn’t high compared to Google, It is known for its comprehensive
search results and additional features that Google has.

3. Yahoo
Yahoo is still a popular search engine known for comprehensive search results. While Yahoo has
lost market share over the years, they have always had a popular search engine.
4. Yandex
Yandex is a Russian search engine that is the most popular in Russia, with a market share of over
50% in Russia.
5. Baidu
Baidu is a Chinese search engine that is the most popular in China, with a market share of over
70% in China.
6. DuckDuckGo
DuckDuckGo is a privacy-focused search engine that has gained popularity in recent years due to
its commitment to protecting user data. It has a small but growing market share and is popular
among users who value their privacy.
7. Ask.com
Ask.com is a search engine that allows users to ask and answer questions on a wide range of topics
and provides comprehensive search results.
8. YouTube
You probably know that YouTube is a video-sharing platform, but you may not realize just how
popular it is. Along with Google, YouTube is constantly processing searches for videos.

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9. Amazon
Amazon is the largest online retailer in the world and it is also the most visited e-commerce website
in the United States. Amazon has become a multi-billion dollar e-commerce platform after
launching several other products including videos and music, electronics and apparel.
10. Facebook
While Facebook isn’t necessarily considered a search engine, it is the largest social media website
in the world. With over a billion users, people are constantly searching Facebook and using it for
research as well.
11. Baidu
Baidu is a search engine built for people in China. It’s the most popular one in the country, with
more than 60% of Chinese internet users using it at least once a month. Baidu is also used by many
businesses to drive traffic to their websites and products, like Google Ads and Bing Ads do in
other countries.

Q. How to register the E-mail account.

Or
Q. How to create an E-mail account.
Or
Q. Write the steps for create an E-mail account.

 Register For a Web-Based E-Mail Account:

An electronic communication device refers to any type of computerized device
(instrument, equipment or machine) or software that can compose, read or send any electronic
message using radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems. An electronic message can be a text
message, electronic mail, an instant message like WhatsApp, teleconferencing, social networking,
Skype, blogs or even access to an internet site.

Having an email address is a must in this day and age. You will use your email address for
many online activities, such as signing up for a social media account or filling out online
applications. Luckily, creating an email account using a web-based service is relatively easy. In
this section, you will learn how to create a Gmail account.

Learn how to create a Gmail account:

1. Use your web browser to go to the Gmail website (www.gmail.com).

2. Click on the Create an Account button. A new page should now open.
3. Enter your name and surname.
4. Choose a username for your account.
5. Enter a password for your account and enter the same password in the Confirm
password space.
6. Click the Next button.
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7. Pay careful attention to the items on the sign-up form that are optional. You can skip these
items if you want to. For Google, submitting a phone number or recovery email address allows
Google to help you recover your password if you forget it.
8. Fill in your birthday and gender before clicking next.

9. Read through Google’s Privacy and Terms agreement.

10. Read through the custom options and select which information Google is allowed to record
about you.
11. Once you have selected options you are comfortable with, click I agree.

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12. The moment you click I agree, Google will create your new email account for you.

Q. How to Access Email With Attachments?

 Access Email With Attachments:
 What are Email Attachments?
An email attachment is a file or document sent with an email, such as a computer file,
photo, or PDF. Particularly, the file size must be within the mail server limit (usually 25 MB).
Users can send attachments in different formats, including PDFs, documents, pictures,
databases, presentations, and more. Email attachment is a valuable communication tool for
presenting your portfolio, product, or service to clients or customers.
 Different Formats of Email Attachments
There are certain types of email attachments. Understanding each type allows you to
choose files wisely.

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Image Files:
One of the most commonly used types of email attachments is image files. Images include
any picture on your computer file, including:
 JPEGs
 PNGs
Document Files:
Document files are another popular type of email attachment. This includes any text-based
documents, such as:
 Word documents (.docx)
 PDFs (.pdf)
These files are often used for sharing presentations, reports, contracts, and other
professional materials with colleagues or clients via email. Sending text files to email servers can
also be used for your personal message or writing samples.
Video Files:
Video files are becoming more popular as technology advances, and people become more
comfortable sharing videos online. Video formats include:
 MP4s (.mp4)
 WMVs (.wmv)
 MOVs (.mov)
 FLVs (.flv)
 AVI's (.avi)
 WEBMs (.webm).
These email attachments can be used to share home movies with family members or even
business videos with potential customers or investors. However, when sending very large files,
ensure they don't take too long to download before sending the link.

Q. Write the steps for writing email attachments?

 Step-by-Step Guide to Writing an Email Attachment
Attaching files to emails is essential whether you send documents, apply for a job, or share
photos with friends.
Sending Attachments in Gmail:
If you use Gmail as your email client of choice, follow these steps when attaching files:
1. Open your Gmail account and click Compose.
2. Enter the recipient's address and type out your message.
3. Click the paperclip icon at the bottom of the window (the attachment icon).
4. Select the file you want to attach from your computer or Google Drive.
5. Click Open or Insert at the bottom right corner of the window.
6. Your attachment will now appear below the subject line at the bottom of your email.
7. When finished, click send message button and wait for confirmation that it has been
successfully sent!

Q. Write the procedure for reply to an email?

 Reply To An E-Mail:
Introduction:

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 In addition to sending emails, you'll be receiving emails from others. After you read an
email, there are a few actions you can take, including opening an attachment (if there is
one), replying to the message, forwarding it to someone else, or if you don't have time to deal
with the email-adding a star to remind yourself to read it later.
Reading email:
By default, any email you receive will go to your inbox. You'll be able to tell which emails
are unread because they'll be bold. You can also see the name of the sender, the subject of the
email, and the first few words of the email body. This means even before you select an email, you
can tell quite a few things about it.

To read an email:
1. From your inbox, click the email you want to read.

2. The email will open in the same window.

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Reading options:
In addition to reading the email, you have several reading options.
 You can click show details to see the email addresses of the sender and any
other recipients, as well as the date the email was sent.

 You can click the Star next to the name of the sender to remind yourself to read the email
later.

 You can also click the More button and select Add star from the drop-down menu.

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  You can Reply, Reply to all, or Forward the email to someone else.

 You can click Newer or Older on the right side of the window to view the next email (or
previous one).

 You can go Back to Inbox.

Opening attachments:
Sometimes you'll receive emails that contain attachments. Generally, you will need
to download an attachment to view it. However, many common file types, like Word
documents and images, can be viewed within a browser window. If the attachment is an image,
you'll also see a smaller copy of the image—called a thumbnail—inside the body of the email.
You can tell which emails contain attachments because they will have a paper clip icon to the
right of the subject.
To open an attachment:
1. Open the email message that contains the attachment.

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 2. Click the Download icon to save the attachment to your computer. If your computer asks
whether you want to Open or Save it, choose Save. You can then locate the file on your
computer and double-click it to open it.

You should generally only open an attachment if it's from a trusted source. Some
attachments can contain viruses, especially .exe files. If you don't recognize the sender—or if you
don't know why someone is sending you the attachment—it's safest not to open it. For more
information, read our lesson on avoiding spam and phishing from our Internet Safety tutorial.

Replying to emails:
Most of the time, you will be replying to an email someone else sends you instead of
composing a new message. When you reply, the recipient's email address will automatically
appear in the To: field, so you won't need to worry about choosing the recipient.

Sometimes you'll receive emails where you're not the only recipient, and you'll need to
decide whether you want to reply just to the person who sent the message or reply to all (the

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sender and all recipients). For example, if you're collaborating with a group of people via email,
you'll probably want to use the Reply to all option so everyone gets the message. However, if you
want to send a more private message to the sender, you'll need to select the Reply option so the
message stays between the two of you.

To reply to an email message:

1. While viewing the message, click Reply at the bottom of the message. If the message was
sent to multiple recipients, you will also have the option to Reply to all. You can also click
the Reply arrow to respond to the message.

2. You may want to double-check the To: and Cc: fields to make sure you're sending your
message to the correct people. If you are replying to all recipients, the additional
recipients will appear in the Cc: field.

3. Type your message in the Body field, then click Send.

To see the text of the original email while you're replying, click the gray button in the lower-left
corner of the window, right above the Send button.

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Q. What is the procedure for forwarding and E-mail?
 Forward An E-Mail:

You can also choose to forward an email. This basically works the same as replying, but
it's used to send the email to someone who wasn't one of the original recipients. Just like a reply,
the original message will appear as a quote. It's usually a good idea to include a brief message of
your own to explain why you're forwarding the email.

To forward an email message:

1. While viewing the message, click forward at the bottom of the message. You can also
select forward from the more drop-down menu next to the Reply arrow.

2. Type the recipient's email address in the To: field, or click To to choose a recipient from
your contacts. If the person is in your contacts, you can start typing his or her name and
that contact's email address should appear.

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 3. Type your message in the Body field, then click Send.

Q. Write the procedure for delete an email message.

 Delete An E-Mail Message:

 Navigate to "Sent" Folder: Locate the email you wish to delete.

 Select and Delete: Click the checkbox beside the email, then press the "Delete" (trash bin
icon).
 Permanent Deletion: For immediate removal, go to "Trash", select the email, and click
"Delete forever
Deleting emails in Gmail helps keep your inbox organized and free of clutter, ensuring that
only necessary communications are kept for reference or action.
On a Computer

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 Open Gmail: Go to gmail.com and login if needed.
 Select Emails:
 To delete all emails from a specific category (like Promotions, Social, or Updates),
click on that tab.
 For a broader selection, use the search bar. For example, type older_than:1y to find
emails older than a year.
 Select Messages: Click the checkbox at the top left corner above your emails to select all
messages currently displayed on the page.
 Note: Gmail displays only 50 - 100 emails per page by default. If you have more
emails than that, you'll see a message at the top of the email list saying "Select all
conversations that match this search" if you used the search function, or "Select all
XXX conversations in Primary" for category selections. Clicking this link selects
all emails, not just those on the current page.
 Delete: Click the trash can icon to delete the selected emails.
 Confirm (if prompted): Depending on your settings or the action, you might need to
confirm the deletion.
On a Mobile Device
 Open the Gmail App: Launch the Gmail app on your smartphone or tablet.
 Select Emails: Tap and hold on an email to enter selection mode. Then, tap other emails
you wish to delete, or tap the tiny circle letter/icon at the left of each email.
 Delete: Tap the trash can icon to delete the selected emails.
Emptying the Trash
Deleted emails go to the Trash and will be automatically deleted after 30 days. To permanently
delete them before this:
 On a Computer: Go to the Trash folder, and click "Empty Trash now" at the top.
 On a Mobile Device: Go to the Menu ☰, tap "Trash," then tap "Empty Trash now."

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 UNIT-3
MAKE BILL PAYMENTS, OTHER APPLICATIONS USING INTERNET AND WORD
PROCESSING
 Make utility bill payments:

To make utility bill payments, you can typically use one of the following methods, depending on
your service provider:

Online Payment

1. Visit the Utility Provider’s Website: Most utility companies have an online portal.
2. Log In or Register: Use your account credentials or register if you're a new user.
3. Navigate to the Payment Section: Look for a section like "Make a Payment" or "Pay
Bill."
4. Select Payment Method: Choose from options like credit/debit card, bank transfer, or
digital wallets.
5. Confirm Payment: Review details and confirm. You may receive a confirmation email or
receipt.

Mobile App

1. Download the Provider’s App: Available on app stores for most utility companies.
2. Log In: Enter your credentials.
3. Locate the Payment Option: Usually on the dashboard or under a menu.
4. Pay the Bill: Enter payment details and confirm.

Automatic Payments

 Set up Auto Pay: Many providers allow you to link a bank account or card for recurring
payments.
 Confirm Settings: Ensure the amount and due date align with your bill.

Payment via Bank

1. Online Banking: Add the utility company as a payee and make a one-time or recurring
payment.
2. Bank Branch: Visit your bank with your bill and make a payment in person.

In-Person Payment

 Authorized Locations: Pay at physical locations like retail stores or company offices.
 Kiosks: Some providers have self-service kiosks.

Payment by Phone

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  Call the provider’s customer service line.
 Follow the automated prompts to pay with a card or bank account.

 Booking Bus/Train Tickets:

1. Online Booking

Bus Tickets

 Visit a Booking Platform or Bus Operator's Website:

 Examples: RedBus, FlixBus, or local operator websites.
 Search for Routes:
 Enter your starting point, destination, travel date, and number of passengers.
 Choose a Bus:
 Select a preferred bus based on timing, amenities, and price.
 Provide Passenger Details:
 Enter names, contact information, and any ID details if required.
 Make Payment:
 Pay using a credit/debit card, UPI, or digital wallet.
 Receive Confirmation:
 You'll get an e-ticket via email or SMS.

Train Tickets

 Visit Official Railway Websites or Apps:

 Examples: IRCTC for India, Amtrak for the U.S., or equivalent in your country.
 Create/Login to Your Account:
 Some websites require registration.
 Search for Trains:
 Enter departure and arrival stations, travel date, and class (economy, sleeper, AC,
etc.).
 Select a Train:
 Choose based on timing, availability, and fare.
 Enter Passenger Details:
 Include full names, ages, and any preferences like meals or lower berths.
 Make Payment:
 Use available payment options.
 Get Confirmation:
 Receive an e-ticket or booking reference.

2. Mobile Apps

 Use popular apps like RedBus, Omio, Trainline, or regional apps for quick booking.
 Follow similar steps: search, select, pay, and confirm.

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3. Travel Agencies

 Visit a local travel agency for assistance. Provide them with your itinerary, and they’ll
handle the booking.

4. At Counters

 Bus Station: Visit the station and buy a ticket from the booking counter.
 Railway Station: Use ticket counters or automated machines.

 Bank Transactions:

Bank transactions involve transferring money, making payments, or managing accounts. Here's
how to perform various types of bank transactions:

1. Online Transactions

Using Internet Banking

1. Log in: Go to your bank's website and log into your account.
2. Transaction Options:

 Fund Transfer: Transfer money using NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, or international

transfers.
 Bill Payments: Pay utility bills, credit cards, and more.
 Recharge: Mobile, DTH, or other services.

3. Steps:

 Select the transaction type.

 Enter beneficiary details.
 Confirm using OTP or security code.

4. Get Confirmation: Note the transaction ID for reference.

Mobile Banking Apps

1. Download the Bank's App: Log in with your credentials or register.

2. Perform Transactions:

 Use UPI, QR codes, or direct account transfers.

 Schedule payments or manage standing instructions.

3. Confirm Details: Verify amounts and recipients before completing.

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2. ATM Transactions

1. Withdraw Cash:

 Insert your debit card.

 Enter your PIN, select "Withdraw," and enter the amount.

2. Deposit Cash (if ATM supports it):

 Insert cash, verify the amount, and confirm.

3. Check Balance: View your current balance on the screen or via a printed receipt.

3. Branch Transactions

1. Visit the Bank: Carry an ID, passbook, or account details.

2. Services Offered:

 Cash deposits/withdrawals.
 Demand drafts or cheques.
 Account updates.

3. Fill Forms: Complete necessary forms and submit them with your documents.

4. Phone Banking

 Call your bank’s customer service for assistance.

 Verify your identity using PINs or security questions.
 Request balance inquiries, fund transfers, or service updates.

5. Digital Wallets

 Link your bank account to wallets like PayPal, Paytm, or Google Pay.
 Use them for instant transfers, payments, and transactions.

Tips for Secure Transactions

 Use strong passwords and change them periodically.

 Avoid public Wi-Fi for online banking.
 Always verify recipient details before sending money.
 Monitor your account statements for unauthorized activity.

 Personal Transactions:

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Personal transactions often involve transferring money or managing funds between friends,
family, or personal accounts. Here’s how you can handle them:

1. Using UPI or Mobile Wallets

UPI (Unified Payments Interface) and digital wallets make personal transactions quick and easy.

 Apps: Google Pay, Paytm, PhonePe, Venmo, Cash App, or others.

 Steps:
1. Link your bank account to the app.
2. Enter the recipient’s UPI ID, phone number, or scan their QR code.
3. Input the amount and add a note (optional).
4. Confirm using your PIN or authentication.
5. Receive instant confirmation.

2. Bank-to-Bank Transfers

Within the Same Bank:

1. Use online banking or mobile apps.

2. Select the beneficiary from your list or add a new one.
3. Enter the amount and confirm with OTP or PIN.

Between Different Banks:

 IMPS: Instant transfer available 24/7.

 NEFT/RTGS: Scheduled transfer for larger sums.
 Wire Transfers: For international transactions.

3. Cash Transactions

 In Person: Hand over cash directly, ensuring you note the amount.
 ATM Withdrawal/Deposit:
o Withdraw cash and hand it over.
o Deposit into the recipient’s account if direct cash deposits are allowed.

4. Cheques

 Steps:
1. Write the recipient's name and amount on the cheque.
2. Sign and hand it over.
3. The recipient deposits it into their account for processing.

5. Payment Apps

Apps like PayPal, Zelle, or Revolut are widely used for sending money globally:

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 1. Link your card or bank account.
2. Enter the recipient’s email or username.
3. Specify the amount and confirm.

6. Shared Expenses Apps

For splitting bills or expenses among friends:

 Use apps like Splitwise, Venmo, or Zelle.

 Add expenses, split amounts, and settle dues.

Best Practices for Personal Transactions

 Confirm Details: Double-check recipient details before sending money.

 Keep Records: Save receipts or transaction IDs for future reference.
 Limit Cash: Opt for digital methods to ensure transparency and security.
 Communicate: Inform the recipient once the transaction is complete.

 Job Search Through Employment Portals:

Job searching through employment portals is an effective way to find job opportunities. Here’s
how to make the most out of it:

1. Choose the Right Job Portal

Select the best job portals that suit your profession and location. Some of the most popular ones
are:

 General Job Portals:

o LinkedIn
o Indeed
o Glassdoor
o Monster
o SimplyHired
o ZipRecruiter
 Specialized Job Portals:
o Tech/IT: AngelList, Stack Overflow Jobs, GitHub Jobs
o Creative/Design: Behance, Dribbble
o Remote Jobs: We Work Remotely, Remote.co, FlexJobs
o Freelance Jobs: Upwork, Freelancer, Fiverr

2. Create a Strong Profile

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  Upload an Updated Resume: Ensure that your resume highlights your skills, experience,
and qualifications.
 Customize Your LinkedIn Profile: An optimized LinkedIn profile will increase your
chances of being found by recruiters.
 Portfolio/References: If applicable, include a portfolio (especially for creative roles) or
references.

3. Use Filters to Narrow Down Search

Most job portals have filters to help you find the right roles faster. Filters you should consider:

 Location: Specify whether you're looking for jobs in a specific city or for remote work.
 Industry/Job Type: Narrow down your search by your field (e.g., Marketing, IT,
Finance).
 Salary Range: Some portals let you specify the minimum and maximum salary you're
looking for.
 Experience Level: Filter by entry-level, mid-career, or senior roles.

4. Set up Job Alerts

 Most portals allow you to set up email alerts. This ensures that you are notified of new job
postings that match your criteria.
 Set your alerts for frequency (daily or weekly) to avoid missing opportunities.

5. Tailor Your Application

 Cover Letter: While not always required, tailoring a cover letter for each job application
can make you stand out.
 Customize Your Resume: Adjust your resume to match keywords and skills in the job
description to pass through Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS).

6. Networking

 Many portals, especially LinkedIn, have networking features where you can reach out to
recruiters and potential employers directly.
 Join relevant groups or discussions to get noticed.

7. Follow Up

After applying for jobs, don’t be afraid to follow up with the hiring manager or recruiter, either
through the portal’s messaging system or via email.

8. Research the Companies

 Many job portals (like Glass door) offer company reviews. Use these insights to prepare
for interviews and decide whether a company is a good fit for you.

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By actively applying, customizing your resume, and following up, you can maximize your chances
of landing your desired job through employment portals.

 Procedure For Making Mobile/DTH Recharge:

Here’s a step-by-step procedure for making mobile and DTH (Direct-to-Home) recharges:

Mobile Recharge:

1. Choose a Recharge Method

o Online Recharge via Apps/Websites
 Use mobile apps like Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, or the
official app of your mobile operator.
 Alternatively, visit the official website of your telecom operator (e.g.,
Airtel, Jio, and Vodafone Idea).
o Recharge via USSD Code (Offline method)
 This method allows you to recharge using a code from your mobile dialer
without needing an internet connection.
o Recharge via Retail Stores
 Visit a nearby mobile recharge shop or kiosk to do a physical recharge using
cash or card.
2. Select the Plan/Pack
o Choose the Operator: Pick your mobile network (Airtel, Jio, Vodafone Idea, etc.).
o Pick the Recharge Amount: Choose a plan that suits your needs (e.g., talk time,
data packs, validity extension, etc.).
 Prepaid: Select a pack for talk time, data, or both.
 Postpaid: Pay your bill for the current month or opt for an advance payment
for the next cycle.
o Customize the Plan: If you want a specific combination of data, talk time, SMS,
or validity, select the appropriate plan.
o Select Add-ons: You can add extra data, international calling packs, or roaming
packs.
3. Enter Details
o For Online Recharge:
 Enter your mobile number.
 Confirm your operator and circle (if required).
 Choose the plan/package from the list of available options.
o For USSD Recharge: Dial the appropriate recharge code (e.g., 121 for Airtel,
*333# for Jio) and follow the instructions.
4. Payment
o Online Payment: Choose a payment method such as:
 Debit/Credit card
 UPI payment (Google Pay, PhonePe, etc.)
 Net banking

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  Wallet balance (Paytm, PhonePe)
 Cash on Delivery (if available)
o In-store Payment: Pay with cash or card at the retail store.
5. Confirmation
o Once the payment is successful, you will receive an SMS confirmation with details
of the recharge.
o If recharging via the official app or website, a confirmation message will also be
displayed on the screen.
6. Recharge via USSD Code (Offline)
o Dial the code for recharge, like *121#, and select your preferred plan from the menu
(for Airtel, Jio, or other networks).
o The recharge will be applied instantly.

DTH Recharge:

1. Choose a Recharge Method

o Online Recharge via Apps/Websites
 Use apps like Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay, or the official app of your
DTH provider (e.g., Tata Sky, Dish TV, Airtel Digital TV).
 Alternatively, visit the official DTH service provider's website (e.g., Tata
Sky, Dish TV, Videocon D2H, or Airtel Digital TV).
o Recharge via SMS (for some providers)
 Some providers allow you to recharge via SMS.
o Recharge via Retail Stores
 Visit a local DTH service store and pay cash or card to recharge.
2. Choose a Plan
o Pick the DTH Operator: Select your DTH service provider (e.g., Tata Sky, Airtel
Digital TV, Dish TV, etc.).
o Choose a Pack: Select the recharge pack based on your viewing preferences (e.g.,
basic, HD, or premium channels).
 You can choose from monthly, quarterly, or annual plans.
 Many DTH providers offer customizable packs where you can select
individual channels or groups of channels.
o Add Extra Services: If you want extra pay-per-view channels or movies, add them
to your pack.
3. Enter Your DTH Subscriber ID/Customer ID
o You’ll need to provide the Subscriber ID or Smart Card Number associated with
your DTH account. This ID is typically available on the set-top box or bill.
4. Make the Payment
o Online Payment: Select your payment method:
 Debit/Credit card
 UPI (Google Pay, PhonePe)
 Net banking
 Wallet balance (Paytm, PhonePe)
 Coupon code (if you have a voucher)
o In-store Payment: Pay through cash or card at a local DTH retailer.

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 5. Confirmation
o Once the payment is successfully processed, you will receive an SMS or email
confirmation.
o Your DTH service will be updated with the selected recharge plan immediately.
o If you’re using a mobile app or website, a confirmation screen will appear with
recharge details.
6. Recharge via SMS (if available)
o Send an SMS with the required format (e.g., "RECHARGE <Subscriber ID>
<Amount>" to the provided number) for your DTH provider.
o Wait for a confirmation message that your recharge has been successful.

Additional Tips for Mobile/DTH Recharges:

 Ensure Sufficient Balance: Ensure you have enough balance in your payment method
before initiating the recharge.
 Automatic Recharge (for convenience): Some platforms offer automatic recharge
options, where your plan is automatically renewed at the end of the cycle.
 Check Plan Validity: Always verify the validity period and benefits of your plan before
proceeding with payment.

This procedure should help you recharge your mobile or DTH account quickly and efficiently.

 Microsoft Word Processing Basics:

Microsoft Word is one of the most commonly used word processing applications. Here are the
basic features and functions you need to know to get started with MS Word:

1. Getting Started

 Opening Word:
o Open Microsoft Word by double-clicking the Word icon on your desktop or
accessing it via the Start menu (Windows) or Applications folder (Mac).
 Creating a New Document:
o Click on File > New > Blank Document to start from scratch.
 Opening an Existing Document:
o Click on File > Open and choose the document you want to work on.

2. The Word Interface

 Ribbon: The top section of the screen with tabs like Home, Insert, Design, Layout, etc.
Each tab contains related tools and commands.
 Quick Access Toolbar: Located at the top left, offering shortcuts for frequently used
commands (e.g., Save, Undo, Redo).
 Document Area: The large white area where you can type your text.

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  Status Bar: At the bottom, showing document information such as the current page
number, word count, and language.

3. Basic Text Formatting

 Font: Change the font type, size, and style (bold, italic, underline) using the Home tab.
 Font Color: Use the Font Color tool in the Home tab to change the color of your text.
 Alignment: Align text left, center, right, or justify using the alignment buttons in the
Paragraph section of the Home tab.
 Line Spacing: Adjust line spacing (e.g., single, 1.5, double) from the Paragraph section.

4. Paragraph Formatting

 Indentation: Adjust the left or right indentation of paragraphs via the Paragraph section.
 Bullets and Numbering: Add bullet points or numbered lists to organize text.
 Spacing Before/After Paragraph: Adjust space between paragraphs in the Paragraph
section.

5. Inserting Elements

 Images: To insert images, go to the Insert tab and click Pictures.

 Shapes: Insert various shapes (circles, squares, arrows) through the Insert tab > Shapes.
 Tables: Create tables by clicking on Insert > Table and selecting the number of rows and
columns.
 Headers and Footers: Add headers (top of the page) or footers (bottom of the page) via
the Insert tab > Header or Footer.
 Page Numbers: You can also insert page numbers from the Insert tab > Page Number.

6. Page Layout

 Margins: Adjust page margins (top, bottom, left, right) under the Layout tab.
 Orientation: Change the page orientation between Portrait (vertical) or Landscape
(horizontal) under Layout > Orientation.
 Size: Set the page size (e.g., Letter, A4) under Layout > Size.

7. Working with Styles

 Applying Styles: Styles are predefined combinations of fonts, colors, and sizes. Apply
them from the Styles section in the Home tab.
 Creating Custom Styles: You can customize styles or create new ones based on your
preferences.

8. Saving and Sharing Documents

 Saving: To save a document, click on File > Save As. You can choose the location (e.g.,
OneDrive, your computer) and format (e.g., .docx, .pdf).

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  Saving a Copy: Use File > Save a Copy if you want to save the document in a different
location or under a different name.
 Sharing: If you’re working with others, use the Share button in the upper right corner to
send the document via email or invite others to edit.

9. Reviewing Tools

 Spell Check: Microsoft Word automatically underlines spelling and grammar mistakes in
red and blue. You can right-click to correct them.
 Track Changes: Enable Track Changes under the Review tab to track edits made by
different people.
 Comments: Add comments for yourself or others by clicking New Comment in the
Review tab.

10. Printing a Document

 Preview: Click on File > Print to preview the document before printing.
 Print Settings: Choose your printer, pages to print, and number of copies in the print dialog
box.

11. Shortcuts and Hotkeys

 Ctrl + C: Copy
 Ctrl + V: Paste
 Ctrl + X: Cut
 Ctrl + Z: Undo
 Ctrl + Y: Redo
 Ctrl + B: Bold
 Ctrl + I: Italic
 Ctrl + U: Underline

12. Creating Tables of Contents

 Automated Table of Contents: Use the References tab to insert a table of contents. This
automatically links to headings in your document.

13. Finalizing the Document

 Find and Replace: Use Ctrl + F to find specific text in the document. For replacing text,
press Ctrl + H.
 Document Protection: Protect documents with passwords via File > Info > Protect
Document.

Tips for Efficient Use of MS Word:

 Use Ctrl + A to select all text in the document.

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  Regularly save your work (use Ctrl + S to save quickly).
 Use Headings for a structured document, which can also help with generating tables of
contents.

These are the basics of Microsoft Word processing. As you get more familiar with the software,
you can explore more advanced features like mail merge, macros, and collaboration tools.

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