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DIP lect 3

The document discusses various types of digital images, including 1-bit, 8-bit grayscale, 8-bit color, and 24-bit color images, explaining their storage requirements and characteristics. It also covers concepts such as color look-up tables, aspect ratios, image file sizes, and spatial resolution. The information is aimed at understanding the fundamentals of digital image processing and representation.

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5 views

DIP lect 3

The document discusses various types of digital images, including 1-bit, 8-bit grayscale, 8-bit color, and 24-bit color images, explaining their storage requirements and characteristics. It also covers concepts such as color look-up tables, aspect ratios, image file sizes, and spatial resolution. The information is aimed at understanding the fundamentals of digital image processing and representation.

Uploaded by

ams2010sams2010s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Image Processing

Assoc. Prof. Mina Ibrahim


Lecture 3
Digital Images


Alpha channel
Alpha channel
Alpha channel (compositing images)
1-bit Images
 Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1), so also referred
to as binary image.
 Such an image is also called a 1-bit monochrome image
since it contains no color. Also known as a bi-level image.
8-bit Gray Level Images
 Each pixel has a gray-value between 0 and 255. Each pixel
is represented by a single byte; e.g., a dark pixel might have
a value of 10, and a bright one might be 230.
 Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (a value between 0 to
255), so a 640 480 gray scale image requires 300 kB of
storage (640 * 480 = 307200).
8-bit color Images
 Many systems can make use of 8 bits of color information
(the so-called "256 colors") in producing a screen image.
 Such image files use the concept of a lookup table to store
color information.
 Basically, the image stores not color, but instead just a set of
bytes, each of which is actually an index into a table with 3-
byte values (RGB) that specify the color for a pixel with that
lookup table index.
Color Look-up Tables (LUTs)
 The idea used in 8-bit color images is to store only the index,
or code value, for each pixel. Then, e.g., if a pixel stores the
value 25, the meaning is to go to row index 25 in a color
look-up table (LUT).
24 Bit Color Images
 In a color 24-bit image, each pixel is represented by three
bytes, usually representing RGB. Also known as Truecolor.
 This format supports 256 * 256 * 256 possible combined
colors, or a total of 16,777,216 possible colors.
 An important point: many 24-bit color images are actually
stored as 32-bit images, with the extra byte of data for each
pixel used to store an alpha value representing special
effect information (e.g., transparency).
24 Bit Color Images
24 Bit Color Images
24 Bit Color Images
Discrete image coordinate system
(0, 0) y
Origin

(8, 5)

(5, 2)

x
Image is represented as 2D array f (x, y)
Size  width x height
Aspect Ratio
 Aspect Ratios: Image aspect ratio refers to the width/height ratio of the
images, and plays an important role in standards.
 Different applications require different aspect ratios. Some of the
commonly used aspect ratios for images are:
 3:2 (when developing and printing photographs)

 4:3 (television images)

 16:9 (high-definition images)

 47:20 (anamorphic formats used in cinemas).


Aspect Ratio

3:2 4:3

16:9 47:20
Image File Sizes

For a 512 X 512 binary image


The number of bits used in this image

512 X 512 X 1 = 262,144 bit


= 32768 bytes
= 32 Kb
≈ 0.031 Mb
Image File Sizes

For a 512 X 512 Greyscale image


The number of bits used in this image

512 X 512 X 8 = 2,097,152 bits


= 262,144 bytes
= 256 Kb
= 0.25 Mb
Image File Sizes

For a 512 X 512 RGB image


The number of bits used in this image

512 X 512 X 8 X 3 = 6,291,456 bit


= 786,432 bytes
= 768 Kb
= 0.75 Mb
Spatial Resolution
Spatial resolution is the density of pixels
over the image, the greater the spatial
resolution, the more pixels are used to
display the image.

In other words it is the amount of pixels


with respect to the size of the image by
inches.
Resolution of digital still camera is
represented by the total number of
pixels in the largest image it can
recorded.
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Bitmap Image File Format (for reading)

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