Baba Saheb Ambedkar Education

University
Name : SudeshnaMarik Das
B.Ed 4th Semester
Roll:50
 Acknowledgement

I, Sudeshna Marik Das , a student of Madhyamgram B.Ed

College, Semester IV like to express my thankfulness to my
Principle Mr. Rup Kumar Panda,
& all other teachers , non teaching staffs & my classmets for
completing my project successfully . I also like to thank out
College librarian & my parents.
 Reflection of light

Reflection or Reflection of light is the process of bouncing back

light rays when it strikes the smooth and shiny reflecting surface. It is due
to the reflection of light we are able to see ourselves in the Plane mirror.
Light from our incident on the plane mirror gets reflected and so we are
able to see our virtual image on the mirror. Reflection is produced by all
the waves namely, Light waves, Electromagnetic waves, Sound waves,
and waves that form on the water’s surface. The reflection of a light wave
follows some set of rules known as the Laws of Reflection.

There are two essential laws of reflection,

according to which the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection
made by the light wave on the smooth reflecting surface are equal. Also,
the incident ray, normal, reflected ray, incident angle, and reflected angle,
all lie on the same plane. In this article, we’ll learn What is a reflection of
Light is? Reflection of light through the plane mirror, Laws and Types of
reflection, along with frequently asked questions on the same.
 What is Reflection of Light?
The phenomenon, known as “reflection” or “reflection of light,” occurs
when a light beam strikes any polished, smooth, or bright object and
bounces back to our eyes. This phenomenon gives us a basis on which to
view the environment. Light propagates in a straight line before, after,
and during reflection. For example, the twinkling of stars or the light that
a mirror reflects.

Here is the list of important terminologies used in Reflection of Light as

shown in the figure above:
Normal: A perpendicular drawn to the reflecting surface at point M
(known as the point of incidence) is called the normal to the reflecting
surface.
Incident Ray: A ray of light that falls on the reflecting surface from a light
source or an object is called the incident ray.
Reflected Ray: A ray of light that arises from the reflecting surface after
reflection from it is called a reflected ray.
Angle of Incidence: The angle between the incident ray and normal to the
point of incidence on the reflecting surface is known as the incident angle
or Bugle of incidence. It is denoted by ∠i.
Angle of Reflection: The angle between the reflected ray and the normal
to the point of incidence on the reflecting surface is known as the angle
of reflection. It is denoted by ∠r.
Principal axis: It is defined as a line that divides the two mediums or the
reflecting surface is called the principal axis.

Laws of Reflection
You must understand two necessary Laws of reflection after learning what
it means. These rules can be used to calculate how the incident ray will
reflect on different materials, such as a plane mirror, water, metal
surfaces, etc. Here are the laws of reflection, as they apply to a plane
mirror:
After understanding the meaning of reflection, you must also understand its two
imperative laws. Using these laws, the reflection of the incident ray on various
surfaces like a plane mirror, water, metal surfaces, etc can be determined. For
instance, if we consider a plane mirror, here are the laws of reflection:
● The incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray must lie in the same plane.

● The angle of incidence (i) = The angle of reflection (r).

Types of Reflection
Types of Reflection While exploring the basics of the reflection of light, it is also
important to go through the different types of reflection. Whenever we change
the basic elements or the form of basic elements involved in this phenomenon,
the result also varies. Following are the main three types of reflection:
● Regular Reflection
● Diffused Reflection
● Multiple Reflection
Regular Reflection : Regular Reflection can also be referred to as Specular
Reflection and is simply understood by using a plane mirror. This mirror used for
the reflection of light is not the regular mirror we see around us, rather it is a
glass that is heavily coated with a uniform layer of highly reflective material such
as a powder. As it is coated, the surface totally reflects all the light which falls
on it i.e, there is not much variation in both the angles of reflection at multiple
points. Due to this minimal variation, we can say that all the haziness and the
blurriness is completely gone.
Diffused Reflection:
In general, reflective surfaces other than mirrors have a highly rough surface.
This might be the result of surface dirt or traces of wear and tear, including
scratches and dents. Even the substance the surface is constructed of might be
important at times. All of this causes the reflection to lose both brightness and
quality.
When compared between sites on such uneven surfaces, the angle of reflection
is completely random. When rays strike rough surfaces, they are reflected in
radically different directions despite incidents at slightly different spots on the
surface. We can perceive non-shiny objects because of a reflection type known
as diffused reflection

Multiple Reflection: Multiple Reflection For both regular and diffused reflection
of light, a single mirror is used while when we take two mirrors, a single source
of light can be reflected multiple times. This type of reflection is only possible
when the intensity of the light becomes so low that we cannot see it. Infinite
images will be formed in multiple reflections, as each image is the result of
another image. The number of images varies as per the angle between two
mirrors. If we decrease the angle, the number of images get increased. The
number of images becomes infinite when the angle between the two mirrors is
zero i.e, they are parallel.
 Reflection of light from the
Plane Mirror
The light beams are reflected back when they strike the flat mirror. The angle of
incidence and reflection are equal, according to the laws of reflection. Behind
the plane, which is visible in the mirror, is where the image is obtained. A
reflection on a plane mirror is the method by which a virtual, erect mirror image.
The plane mirror always produces an erect, virtual image. The object’s size and
the image’s size are both the same. The distance between the produced image
and the mirror is the same as the position distance of the object. Images that
are laterally inverted are obtained.
 Scattering of Light
Scattering of Light When light hits very small gas particles or water droplets or
even dust particles, it scatters the light. The amount of scattering of the light
depends on the wavelength of light and the size of the particle. Light on the sky
is filled with all the colours of the rainbow i.e. VIBGYOR. So, the question is ‘Why
is the Sky Blue?’ It is because light hits different particles in the atmosphere and
it scatters in all directions. Since blue has a smaller wavelength than Red, it is
scattered more than red. That is why the sky looks blue.

Examples of Reflection of Light

Examples of Reflection of Light in daily life Some of the most interesting
examples of reflection of light in daily life are: The Blue Sky is because light hits
different particles in the atmosphere and it scatters in all directions. Since blue
has a smaller wavelength than Red, it is scattered more than red. That is why
the sky looks blue.

● The Sunset is Red because when the sunset happens, the sky has already
scattered most of the blue light as it has travelled around the atmosphere since
the day. So, the red light dominates during a Sunset.
● Clouds look White because the cloud’s water droplets are much larger than
the wavelength of light. So, all the colours get scattered in different directions
to create white colour.